Hepatic effects of ketamine administration for 2 weeks in rats

PubMed: 23386779The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term and high-dose application of ketamine on the liver by employing histologic and biochemical methods. A total of 30 male rats were randomly assigned to control and four treatment groups (n: 6). Saline for control group and different doses of ketamine for four treatment groups (40, 60, 80 and 100 mg kg-1) were administered intraperitoneal twice a day for 2 weeks. Immunohistological staining, light and electron microscopy were used to study tissue specimens. Histopathological changes were more severe and diverse in groups 80 and 100 mg kg-1 day-1, and the least significant change was observed in groups 40 and 60 mg kg-1 day-1. The most important ultrastructural changes were seen in mitochondria and in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The immunoreactivity of calcineurin was determined as different. Prolonged use of ketamine caused hepatocellualar toxicity and histological changes in hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner in all experimental groups. © The Author(s) 2014.The all costs were funded by the authors

Effects of sugammadex and rocuronium mast cell number and degranulation in rat liver

PubMed: 22827538We investigated the effect of rocuronium- and sugammadex-induced mast cell increase and degranulation in rat portal triads. Forty-two rats, in six groups, received either rocuronium 1 mg.kg -1; sugammadex 15 mg.kg -1; sugammadex 100 mg.kg -1; rocuronium 1 mg.kg -1 and 5 min later, sugammadex 15 mg.kg -1; rocuronium 1 mg.kg -1 and 5 min later, sugammadex 100 mg.kg -1; or isotonic saline. Total mast cell numbers were significantly higher with rocuronium only, than in all other groups (p < 0.003), although in all active groups, the number was greater than the control. Total mast cell number was significantly higher with rocuronium and low-dose sugammadex compared with low-dose sugammadex only. The number of tryptase-positive mast cells with rocuronium only was significantly higher than in all other groups (p < 0.003). Tryptase-positive mast cell numbers in both groups receiving both rocuronium and sugammadex were significantly higher compared with both groups receiving sugammadex only. Rocuronium increased mast cell numbers, and degranulation was mitigated by sugammadex. These results suggest that sugammadex may be beneficial in treatment of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis. © Anaesthesia © 2012 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland

Effect of etoricoxib on experimental oxidative testicular ischemia-reperfusion damage in rats induced with torsion- detorsion

Etoricoxib features antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties concomitantly, suggesting that it may be beneficial in testicular ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage. Our aim is to investigate the effects of etoricoxib on testicular I/R damage induced with torsion-detorsion (TD). The etoricoxib + torsion-detorsion (ETD) groups of animals were given etoricoxib in 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight (ETD- 50 and ETD-100), while the testes torsion-detorsion (TTD) and sham operation rat group (SOG) animals were given single oral doses of distilled water as a solvent. TTD, ETD-50 and ETD-100 groups were subjected to 720o degrees torsion for four hours, and detorsion for four hours. The SOG group was not subjected to this procedure. Biochemical, gene expression and histopathological analyses were carried out on the testicular tissues. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) were significantly higher, and the levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and glutathione reductase (GSHRd) were significantly lower in the TTD group, compared to the ETD-50, ETD-100 and SOG groups. Etoricoxib at a dose of 100 mg/kg better prevented I/R damage than the 50 mg/kg dose. Etoricoxib may be useful in clinical practice in the reduction of I/ R damage on testes caused by torsion-detorsion. © Copyright Korean J Physiol Pharmacol

Investigation and histopathological evaluation of the effects of omeprazole on the ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative damage and DNA mutation in rat ovarian tissue

In this study, the biochemical and histopathological effects of omeprazole on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced oxidative damage in rat ovarian tissue were investigated. The moment that the animals remained motionless in supine position was considered the appropriate time to perform surgery. The ovaries of the rats were reached through a 2.0-2.5 cm long vertical incision in the lower abdomen. Subsequently, in the omeprazole (OIR) and the control groups (I/RC), a vascular clip was placed in the lower part of the right ovary (the part where the ovary is attached to the uterus) and ischemia was maintained for 3 h. (No ischemia was applied in the healthy group.) After this period, the vascular clip was removed in order to provide reperfusion for 2 h. Afterwards, all the animals were terminated by high dose-anesthesia, the ovaries were removed and histopathological and biochemical studies were performed. Omeprazole has an antioxidant effect and it can have a protective function in the oxidative damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion. We have found that omeprazole prevents oxidative damage due to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovarian tissue