SOME FINDINGS IN THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN SCHIZOPHRENIA *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74615/1/j.1749-6632.1962.tb50131.x.pd

Physiology of breathlessness associated with pleural effusions

Purpose of review: Pleural effusions have a major impact on the cardiorespiratory system. This article reviews the pathophysiological effects of pleural effusions and pleural drainage, their relationship with breathlessness, and highlights key knowledge gaps. Recent findings: The basis for breathlessness in pleural effusions and relief following thoracentesis is not well understood. Many existing studies on the pathophysiology of breathlessness in pleural effusions are limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous design and a lack of direct measurements of respiratory muscle function. Gas exchange worsens with pleural effusions and improves after thoracentesis. Improvements in ventilatory capacity and lung volumes following pleural drainage are small, and correlate poorly with the volume of fluid drained and the severity of breathlessness. Rather than lung compression, expansion of the chest wall, including displacement of the diaphragm, appears to be the principle mechanism by which the effusion is accommodated. Deflation of the thoracic cage and restoration of diaphragmatic function after thoracentesis may improve diaphragm effectiveness and efficiency, and this may be an important mechanism by which breathlessness improves. Effusions do not usually lead to major hemodynamic changes, but large effusions may cause cardiac tamponade and ventricular diastolic collapse. Patients with effusions can have impaired exercise capacity and poor sleep quality and efficiency. Summary: Pleural effusions are associated with abnormalities in gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, respiratory muscle function and hemodynamics, but the association between these abnormalities and breathlessness remains unclear. Prospective studies should aim to identify the key mechanisms of effusion-related breathlessness and predictors of improvement following pleural drainage

Trauma in Relation to Conditions of Lung and Thorax

National Symposium on Scientific Proof and Relations of Law and Medicine, Second Series

Physiology in diseases of the heart and lungs

xv+554hlm.;21c

Harry Altschule

Transcript (43 pages) of an interview by Hynda Rudd and Gail Bernstein Ciscci with Harry Altschule on April 29, 1976. From tape number H-31 in the Jewish Oral History ProjectMr. Altschule, who came to Salt Lake in 1967, discusses self-study of the Jewish community, Jewish Community Center programs, the Community Services Council, intercultural cooperation in Salt Lake City, anti-Semitism, developing community leadership, fund raising, ""four persuasions"" of the synagogue, basic principles of Judaism, family values, and his childhood memories of Jewish cultural traditions