2,912 research outputs found

    From Baking a Cake to Solving the Schrodinger Equation

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    The primary emphasis of this study has been to explain how modifying a cake recipe by changing either the dimensions of the cake or the amount of cake batter alters the baking time. Restricting our consideration to the genoise, one of the basic cakes of classic French cuisine, we have obtained a semi-empirical formula for its baking time as a function of oven temperature, initial temperature of the cake batter, and dimensions of the unbaked cake. The formula, which is based on the Diffusion equation, has three adjustable parameters whose values are estimated from data obtained by baking genoises in cylindrical pans of various diameters. The resulting formula for the baking time exhibits the scaling behavior typical of diffusion processes, i.e. the baking time is proportional to the (characteristic length scale)^2 of the cake. It also takes account of evaporation of moisture at the top surface of the cake, which appears to be a dominant factor affecting the baking time of a cake. In solving this problem we have obtained solutions of the Diffusion equation which are interpreted naturally and straightforwardly in the context of heat transfer; however, when interpreted in the context of the Schrodinger equation, they are somewhat peculiar. The solutions describe a system whose mass assumes different values in two different regions of space. Furthermore, the solutions exhibit characteristics similar to the evanescent modes associated with light waves propagating in a wave guide. When we consider the Schrodinger equation as a non-relativistic limit of the Klein-Gordon equation so that it includes a mass term, these are no longer solutions.Comment: 23 pages, 10 Postscript figure

    Alien Registration- Cronkhite, Alton A. (Bridgewater, Aroostook County)

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    https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/26130/thumbnail.jp

    Conversion of hydroxyproline to pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid

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    This article does not have an abstract

    Star Formation Rate from Dust Infrared Emission

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    We examine what types of galaxies the conversion formula from dust infrared (IR) luminosity into the star formation rate (SFR) derived by Kennicutt (1998) is applicable to. The ratio of the observed IR luminosity, LIRL_{\rm IR}, to the intrinsic bolometric luminosity of the newly (\la 10 Myr) formed stars, LSFL_{\rm SF}, of a galaxy can be determined by a mean dust opacity in the interstellar medium and the activity of the current star formation. We find that these parameters area being 0.5LIR/LSF2.00.5 \le L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm SF} \le 2.0 is very large, and many nearby normal and active star-forming galaxies really fall in this area. It results from offsetting two effects of a small dust opacity and a large cirrus contribution of normal galaxies relative to starburst galaxies on the conversion of the stellar emission into the dust IR emission. In conclusion, the SFR determined from the IR luminosity under the assumption of LIR=LSFL_{\rm IR}=L_{\rm SF} like Kennicutt (1998) is reliable within a factor of 2 for all galaxies except for dust rich but quiescent galaxies and extremely dust poor galaxies.Comment: Accepted by ApJL: 6 pages (emulateapj5), 2 figures (one is an extra figure not appeared in ApJL

    Public Investment Criteria for Water Oriented Recreation in the Lake Erie Basin

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    This study was supported in part by the Office of Water Resources Research, U.S. Department of the Interior under Project A-009-0HI0.Item includes a reprint of a journal article: Richard A. Tybout, "Pricing Pollution and Other Negative Externalities", Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, Vol. 3 (Spring, 1972), pp. 252-266. The results of the research project were originally published in this articleIntroduction -- Economic Criteria -- Recreation Measurement -- Conclusion -- Appendi

    A Mini-survey of X-ray Point Sources in Starburst and Non-Starburst Galaxies

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    We present a comparison of X-ray point source luminosity functions of 3 starburst galaxies (the Antennae, M82, and NGC 253) and 4 non-starburst spiral galaxies (NGC 3184, NGC 1291, M83, and IC 5332). We find that the luminosity functions of the starbursts are flatter than those of the spiral galaxies; the starbursts have relatively more sources at high luminosities. This trend extends to early-type galaxies which have steeper luminosity functions than spirals. We show that the luminosity function slope is correlated with 60 micron luminosity, a measure of star formation. We suggest that the difference in luminosity functions is related to the age of the X-ray binary populations and present a simple model which highlights how the shape of the luminosity distribution is affected by the age of the underlying X-ray binary population.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. accepted for publication in Ap

    Management of Korean lespedeza

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    Caption title.Digitized 2006 AES MoU."December, 1940.""Korean lespedeza gives best results where left on the land year after year. This is true under all soil conditions, and it is especially important on the less productive land. Lower- production costs are reached by taking advantage of the ability of lespedeza to reseed itself heavily under almost any use of the crop. By this annual reseeding habit a renewed stand every spring is practically assured."--Page 1

    Corn selection for exhibit purposes

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    Caption title.Digitized 2006 AES MoU
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