Estudo da influência de variáveis relacionadas às decisões de financiamento na eficiência técnica das distribuidoras de energia elétrica brasileiras no período de 2006 a 2009

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração, Florianópolis, 2012O conceito de eficiência está ligado a todas as atividades humanas, e sua mensuração é fundamental para que se consiga identificar as melhores práticas. Nas distribuidoras do setor elétrico, a análise da eficiência, pela natureza das regras em vigor, concentra-se nos custos gerenciáveis, particularmente na obtenção de uma eficiência técnica e outra financeira, associada à gestão de capital. Nas metodologias para os processos de revisão tarifária periódica (RTP), feitas pela ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), estas duas eficiências são objeto de constantes estudos e mesmo de contestações, principalmente por parte das distribuidoras. Neste contexto, fez-se um estudo da eficiência técnica utilizando o método DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), com as distribuidoras de energia elétrica no período de 2006 a 2009. Foi utilizado o método de Kittelsen (1993) na seleção das variáveis, no qual elas foram escolhidas segundo a significância e não pela representatividade. Para a eficiência financeira, associada às decisões de financiamento de uma concessionária, listaram-se diversas variáveis que possam influenciar tais decisões, no mesmo período acima, de forma que, através de uma regressão com dados em painel, procuraram-se relações entre esses dois tipos de eficiência. Dentre as variáveis testadas, somente o tamanho e o lucro do ano anterior foram estatisticamente significativos com relação à eficiência técnica, e juntamente com o fato de o índice de lucratividade e o endividamento estarem inversamente relacionados, percebe-se fortes indícios da teoria do pecking order na gestão das distribuidoras brasileiras.Abstract : The concept of efficiency is connected to all human activities, and its measurement is essential to identify the best practices. Among distributors in the electricity sector, the efficiency analysis focuses on controllable costs, particularly in obtaining a technical efficiency and financial efficiency, associated with capital management. Both kind of efficiencies are constantly being developed in the methodologies for tariff review processes (RTP), made by ANEEL (National Electric Energy Agency), and are subject of criticism from the distributors. In this context, it was made an analysis using DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) of the technical efficiency of the electricity distributors in the period 2006 to 2009. It#s was used the Kittelsen#s Method (1993) in the selection of variables, in which they were chosen according to the significance and not by representativeness. For the financial efficiency, associated with the financing decisions, it was listed several variables that can influence such decisions in the same period above, so that, through a regression with panel data, relationships were sought between these two types of efficiency. Among the variables tested, only the size and profit from previous year were statistically significant with relation to technical efficiency, and with the fact that the rate of profitability and debt have a negative correlation, we find strong evidence of the pecking order#s theory in the management of Brazilian distributors

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially