5,388 research outputs found
Electroweak Supersymmetry with an Approximate U(1)_PQ
A predictive framework for supersymmetry at the TeV scale is presented, which
incorporates the Ciafaloni-Pomarol mechanism for the dynamical determination of
the \mu parameter of the MSSM. It is replaced by (\lambda S), where S is a
singlet field, and the axion becomes a heavy pseudoscalar, G, by adding a mass,
m_G, by hand. The explicit breaking of Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is assumed to
be sufficiently weak at the TeV scale that the only observable consequence is
the mass m_G. Three models for the explicit PQ breaking are given; but the
utility of this framework is that the predictions for all physics at the
electroweak scale are independent of the particular model for PQ breaking. Our
framework leads to a theory similar to the MSSM, except that \mu is predicted
by the Ciafaloni-Pomarol relation, and there are light, weakly-coupled states
in the spectrum. The production and cascade decay of superpartners at colliders
occurs as in the MSSM, except that there is one extra stage of the cascade
chain, with the next-to-LSP decaying to its "superpartner" and \tilde{s},
dramatically altering the collider signatures for supersymmetry. The framework
is compatible with terrestrial experiments and astrophysical observations for a
wide range of m_G and . If G is as light as possible, 300 keV < m_G < 3 MeV,
it can have interesting effects on the radiation energy density during the
cosmological eras of nucleosynthesis and acoustic oscillation, leading to
predictions for N_{\nu BBN} and N_{\nu CMB} different from 3.Comment: 45 pages, 2 colour figures, a reference added, minor correction
Prevalence of marginally unstable periodic orbits in chaotic billiards
The dynamics of chaotic billiards is significantly influenced by coexisting
regions of regular motion. Here we investigate the prevalence of a different
fundamental structure, which is formed by marginally unstable periodic orbits
and stands apart from the regular regions. We show that these structures both
{\it exist} and {\it strongly influence} the dynamics of locally perturbed
billiards, which include a large class of widely studied systems. We
demonstrate the impact of these structures in the quantum regime using
microwave experiments in annular billiards.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Re-Annotator: Annotation Pipeline for Microarray Probe Sequences.
Microarray technologies are established approaches for high throughput gene expression, methylation and genotyping analysis. An accurate mapping of the array probes is essential to generate reliable biological findings. However, manufacturers of the microarray platforms typically provide incomplete and outdated annotation tables, which often rely on older genome and transcriptome versions that differ substantially from up-to-date sequence databases. Here, we present the Re-Annotator, a re-annotation pipeline for microarray probe sequences. It is primarily designed for gene expression microarrays but can also be adapted to other types of microarrays. The Re-Annotator uses a custom-built mRNA reference database to identify the positions of gene expression array probe sequences. We applied Re-Annotator to the Illumina Human-HT12 v4 microarray platform and found that about one quarter (25%) of the probes differed from the manufacturer's annotation. In further computational experiments on experimental gene expression data, we compared Re-Annotator to another probe re-annotation tool, ReMOAT, and found that Re-Annotator provided an improved re-annotation of microarray probes. A thorough re-annotation of probe information is crucial to any microarray analysis. The Re-Annotator pipeline is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/reannotator along with re-annotated files for Illumina microarrays HumanHT-12 v3/v4 and MouseRef-8 v2
Associations between congenital malformations and childhood cancer. A register-based case-control study.
This report describes a population-based case-control study that aimed to assess and quantify the risk of children with congenital malformations developing cancer. Three sources of data were used: the Victorian Cancer Register, the Victorian Perinatal Data Register (VPDR) and the Victorian Congenital Malformations/Birth Defects Register. Cases included all Victorian children born between 1984 and 1993 who developed cancer. Four controls per case, matched on birth date, were randomly selected from the VPDR. Record linkage between registers provided malformation data. A matched case-control analysis was undertaken. Of the 632 cancer cases, 570 (90.2%) were linked to the VPDR. The congenital malformation prevalence in children with cancer was 9.6% compared with 2.5% in the controls [odds ratio (OR) 4.5, 95% CI 3.1-6.7]. A strong association was found with chromosomal defects (OR=16.7, 95% CI 6.1-45.3), in particular Down's syndrome (OR=27.1, 95% CI 6.0-122). Most other birth defect groups were also associated with increased cancer risk. The increased risk of leukaemia in children with Down's syndrome was confirmed, and children with central nervous system (CNS) defects were found to be at increased risk of CNS tumours. The report confirms that children with congenital malformations have increased risks of various malignancies. These findings may provide clues to the underlying aetiology of childhood cancer, as congenital malformations are felt to be a marker of exposures or processes which may increase cancer risk. The usefulness of record linkage between accurate population-based registers in the epidemiological study of disease has also been reinforced
Atomic Scale Memory at a Silicon Surface
The limits of pushing storage density to the atomic scale are explored with a
memory that stores a bit by the presence or absence of one silicon atom. These
atoms are positioned at lattice sites along self-assembled tracks with a pitch
of 5 atom rows. The writing process involves removal of Si atoms with the tip
of a scanning tunneling microscope. The memory can be reformatted by controlled
deposition of silicon. The constraints on speed and reliability are compared
with data storage in magnetic hard disks and DNA.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Nanotechnolog
Stickiness in Hamiltonian systems: from sharply divided to hierarchical phase space
We investigate the dynamics of chaotic trajectories in simple yet physically
important Hamiltonian systems with non-hierarchical borders between regular and
chaotic regions with positive measures. We show that the stickiness to the
border of the regular regions in systems with such a sharply divided phase
space occurs through one-parameter families of marginally unstable periodic
orbits and is characterized by an exponent \gamma= 2 for the asymptotic
power-law decay of the distribution of recurrence times. Generic perturbations
lead to systems with hierarchical phase space, where the stickiness is
apparently enhanced due to the presence of infinitely many regular islands and
Cantori. In this case, we show that the distribution of recurrence times can be
composed of a sum of exponentials or a sum of power-laws, depending on the
relative contribution of the primary and secondary structures of the hierarchy.
Numerical verification of our main results are provided for area-preserving
maps, mushroom billiards, and the newly defined magnetic mushroom billiards.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. E. A PDF version with higher resolution
figures is available at http://www.pks.mpg.de/~edugal
Density Functional Theory for the Photoionization Dynamics of Uracil
Photoionization dynamics of the RNA base Uracil is studied in the framework
of Density Functional Theory (DFT). The photoionization calculations take
advantage of a newly developed parallel version of a multicentric approach to
the calculation of the electronic continuum spectrum which uses a set of
B-spline radial basis functions and a Kohn-Sham density functional hamiltonian.
Both valence and core ionizations are considered. Scattering resonances in
selected single-particle ionization channels are classified by the symmetry of
the resonant state and the peak energy position in the photoelectron kinetic
energy scale; the present results highlight once more the site specificity of
core ionization processes. We further suggest that the resonant structures
previously characterized in low-energy electron collision experiments are
partly shifted below threshold by the photoionization processes. A critical
evaluation of the theoretical results providing a guide for future experimental
work on similar biosystems
Numerically improved computational scheme for the optical conductivity tensor in layered systems
The contour integration technique applied to calculate the optical
conductivity tensor at finite temperatures in the case of layered systems
within the framework of the spin-polarized relativistic screened
Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker band structure method is improved from the computational
point of view by applying the Gauss-Konrod quadrature for the integrals along
the different parts of the contour and by designing a cumulative special points
scheme for two-dimensional Brillouin zone integrals corresponding to cubic
systems.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX + 4 figures (Encapsulated PostScript), submitted to
J. Phys.: Condensed Matter (19 Sept. 2000
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