Laser Vaporization of Mouth Lesions, an Overview

Lasers are utilized in dentistry as a therapeutic tool or as an auxiliary tool. The major purpose of employing lasers in dentistry is to overcome the difficulties that are currently observed in traditional dental treatment treatments. The laser is used in hard tissue applications such as caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation, and diagnostics, whereas soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue to uncover impacted or partially erupted teeth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, and photo-stimulation of herpetic lesions. Lasers' capacity to perform minimally invasive operations with minimum patient discomfort has proven effective in the patient delivery system in dentistry practice. The availability of lasers with various wavelengths has produced a surgical panacea, and laser technology has replaced traditional surgical techniques in many oral surgical operations

A Novel Strategy for Complete and Phase Robust Synchronizations of Chaotic Nonlinear Systems

Our work here is to propose a novel technique by which chaos complete and phase synchronizations can be accomplished via a low-cost scheme. We call the proposed technique a “single-state feedback track synchronization control algorithm”. A single-state feedback track synchronization control algorithm is designed so that both complete and phase synchronizations can be accomplished using the same controller. Complete synchronization between two chaotic systems means complete symmetry between them, but phase synchronization means complete symmetry with a phase shift. In addition, the proposed method is applied to the synchronization of two identical chaotic Lorenz models. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm is well illustrated via exhaustive numerical simulation experiments based on the Matlab toolbox of the powerful genetic algorithm. The robustness of the proposed algorithm motivated us to apply this method of synchronization in a secure communication application

High dimensional, four positive Lyapunov exponents and attractors with four scroll during a new hyperchaotic complex nonlinear model

New hyperchaotic nonlinear model inclusive complex variables have been introduced in this paper. This model has attributes that differentiate it from several of the models contemplated as of late in literature, for example, (i) this model is a high-dimension (9D), (ii) the new model has hyperchaotic conduct with four positive Lyapunov exponents, (iii) the attractors of our model has four scroll. Features and characteristics of this model containing Hamiltonian, invariance, dissipation, equilibria and their stability, Lyapunov exponents, Lyapunov dimension, bifurcation diagrams and chaotic (hyperchaotic) accomplishment are studied. On the confirmation of stability theory and active control technique, an approach is made to play out the complete and phase synchronizations of two identical hyperchaotic attractors of our model. The efficiency of the gained outcomes is revealed by a simulation illustration. The phase synchronization outcomes were utilized to build up a straightforward application in secure communication. Numerical effects computed to show the hyperchaotic synchronizations of a hyperchaotic model and to test the control powers scientific expressions gravity

Quality of assessment and counselling offered by community pharmacists and medication sale without prescription to patients presenting with acute cardiac symptoms: a simulated client study

PURPOSE: Self-medication is common worldwide. However, the prevalence of sale of prescription medications without prescription and the quality of assessment and counselling provided by community pharmacists to cardiac patients is unknown. We sought to determine the prevalence of prescription medication sales and explore how pharmacists assess and counsel patients with acute cardiac conditions. METHODS: Six hundred community pharmacies in the two largest cities in Saudi Arabia were selected. Two simulated clients presented either an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) scenario or an acute heart failure (AHF) scenario to the pharmacists. Descriptive statistics and regression models were used to analyse and present the collected data. RESULTS: Of 600 pharmacies, 379 (63.2%) sold various prescription medications to simulated patients without prescription. Assessment and counselling provided by pharmacists were inadequate. Almost a quarter of pharmacists did not ask simulated patients any questions; 52% asked one or two questions; and only 24% asked three or more questions. Only 28 pharmacists (4.7%) inquired about drug allergies; 48.5% instructed simulated patients on the dosage and frequency of the sold medications; 21.6% provided instruction on treatment duration; and 19.4% gave instructions on dose, frequency, and duration of treatment. Compared to AHF, ACS simulated patients were more likely to be asked about other symptoms and comorbidities (59.7% vs. 48.7%, p = 0.007 and 46.3% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.005, respectively) and were more likely to be advised to go to hospital (70.3% vs. 56.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The sale of prescription medications by community pharmacists to simulated cardiac patients without prescription is very common; assessment and counselling qualities are suboptimal