16 research outputs found

    Novel nano-composite multi-layered biomaterial for the treatment of multifocal degenerative cartilage lesions

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    We report on a 46-year-old athletic patient, previously treated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, with large degenerative chondral lesions of the medial femoral condyle, trochlea and patella, which was successfully treated with a closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy and the implant of a newly developed biomimetic nanostructured osteochondral bioactive scaffold. After 1 year of follow-up the patient was pain-free, had full knee range of motion, and had returned to his pre-operation level of athletic activity. MRI evaluation at 6 months showed that the implant gave a hyaline-like signal as well as a good restoration of the articular surface, with minimal subchondral bone oedema. Subchondral oedema was almost non-visible at 12 months

    Multi-omic profiling reveals the ataxia protein sacsin is required for integrin trafficking and synaptic organization

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    Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a childhood-onset cerebellar ataxia caused by mutations in SACS, which encodes the protein sacsin. Cellular ARSACS phenotypes include mitochondrial dysfunction, intermediate filament disorganization, and progressive death of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. It is unclear why the loss of sacsin causes these deficits or why they manifest as cerebellar ataxia. Here, we perform multi-omic profiling in sacsin knockout (KO) cells and identify alterations in microtubule dynamics and mislocalization of focal adhesion (FA) proteins, including multiple integrins. Deficits in FA structure, signaling, and function can be rescued by targeting PTEN, a negative regulator of FA signaling. ARSACS mice possess mislocalization of ITGA1 in Purkinje neurons and synaptic disorganization in the deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN). The sacsin interactome reveals that sacsin regulates interactions between cytoskeletal and synaptic adhesion proteins. Our findings suggest that disrupted trafficking of synaptic adhesion proteins is a causal molecular deficit in ARSACS

    Treatment of knee osteochondritis dissecans with a cell-free biomimetic osteochondral scaffold: clinical and imaging evaluation at 2-year follow-up.

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    BACKGROUND: Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is an acquired lesion of the subchondral bone that may result in separation and instability of the overlying articular cartilage. Unstable lesions must be treated surgically to reestablish the joint surface as anatomically as possible. Hypothesis/ PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a biomimetic osteochondral scaffold to treat OCD by analyzing the results obtained at 2-year follow-up. The hypothesis was that this scaffold, which was developed to treat the entire osteochondral unit, might restore the articular surface and improve symptoms and function in patients affected by knee OCD. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients (19 men, 8 women; age [mean \ub1 SD], 25.5 \ub1 7.7 years) who were affected by symptomatic knee OCD of the femoral condyles (average defect size 3.4 \ub1 2.2 cm(2)), grade 3 or 4 on the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) scale, were enrolled and treated with the implantation of a 3-layer collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold. Patients were prospectively evaluated by subjective and objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores preoperatively and at 1- and 2-year follow-up. An MRI was also performed at the 2 follow-up times. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in all clinical scores was obtained at 1 year, and a further improvement was found the following year. At the 2-year follow-up, the IKDC subjective score had increased from 48.4 \ub1 17.8 preoperatively to 82.3 \ub1 12.2, the IKDC objective evaluation from 40% to 85% of normal knees, and the Tegner score from 2.4 \ub1 1.7 to 4.5 \ub1 1.6. The MRI evaluations showed good defect filling and implant integration but also inhomogeneous regenerated tissue and subchondral bone changes in most patients at both follow-up times. No correlation between the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) score and clinical outcome was found. CONCLUSION: This biomimetic osteochondral scaffold seems to be a valid treatment option for knee OCD, showing a good clinical outcome at 2-year follow-up. Moreover, the improvement was not correlated with lesion size, so large lesions can benefit from this implant. Less favorable findings were obtained with MRI evaluation

    Bioingegneria tissutale nella riparazione delle lesioni osteocondrali

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    Il trattamento dei difetti condrali estesi, rappresenta un problema rilevante nella pratica ortopedica. Promettenti risultati sono stati ottenuti grazie all\u2019ausilio dell\u2019ingegneria tissutale ed al giorno d\u2019oggi il trapianto di condrociti di seconda generazione (matrix-assisted) \ue8 ampiamente utilizzato in Europa. I risultati ottenuti per il trattamento delle lesioni cartilaginee sono per\uf2 ancora oggetto di discussione. Inoltre, il trattamento di lesioni osteocondrali presenta problematiche di ancor pi\uf9 difficile soluzione coinvolgendo due tessuti con caratteristiche biologiche differenti e le tecniche attualmente pi\uf9 utilizzate come il trapianto autologo (mosaicoplastica) od il trapianto omologo presentano alcuni limiti. L'ingegneria tissutale possiede le potenzialit\ue0 per superare tali problematiche. Gli innesti 3-D bioingegnerizzati possono essere ottenuti coltivando le cellule del paziente su scaffold composti da biomateriali porosi, che rappresentano il substrato per lo sviluppo del tessuto. Gli impianti osteocondrali bioingegnerizzati permettono in questo modo di evitare la morbosit\ue0 del sito donatore e possono essere adattati facilmente alle dimensioni ed alla posizione del difetto. Inoltre, l\u2019approccio con l\u2019ingegneria tissutale consente di adattare le caratteristiche biologiche e biomeccaniche dell\u2019impianto alla specifica articolazione da trattare in modo da indurre una riparazione biologica e quindi durevole nel tempo.The treatment of large chindral articular defects represents a relevant problem in orthopaedic practic

    Macroporous bioceramics associated with autologus stem cells for massive bone loss

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    Il trattamento delle perdite ossee massive è ancor oggi una sfida difficile per il chirurgo ortopedico. Negli anni sono state proposte differenti soluzioni, ma senza ottenere risultati pienamente soddisfacenti. Abbiamo effettuato uno studio clinico pilota trattando 7 pazienti con difetti ampi delle diafisi femorali e scarse alternative terapeutiche, usando un nuovo approccio basato sull’ingegneria tissutale. In 4 pazienti abbiamo isolato cellule dal midollo osseo, che sono quindi state espanse in coltura ed impiantate su uno scaffold di ceramica porosa a base di idrossiapatite custom-made, mentre negli altri le cellule sono state prelevate sul campo operatorio e direttamente concentrate dalla nostra Ematologia prima dell’impianto. Lo scopo di questo studio è analizzarne l’outcome a lungo termine. Abbiamo valutato i pazienti a differenti tempi di follow-up (6 anni in media), sia clinicamente che utilizzando proiezioni RX e TC. In un paziente è stata effettuata una valutazione angiografica a 6,5 anni di follow-up. Non sono state riportate complicanze di rilievo. I pazienti non hanno lamentato dolore o gonfiore, e all’esame clinico del sito operato non sono state rilevate infezioni. Tra i 5 e 7 mesi dall’intervento abbiamo osservato la completa integrazione dell’impianto con l’osso sano adiacente. La buona integrazione è stata confermata all’ultimo follow-up, mostrando la durata a lungo termine della rigenerazione ossea offerta da questo scaffold ingegnerizzato. I risultati di questa procedura sono molto promettenti. L’associazione tra bioceramica porosa e cellule staminali espanse in coltura o concentrato midollare può essere considerata come un grande passo avanti nella chirurgia ossea ricostruttiva per il trattamento di difetti critici delle ossa lunghe
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