Identification and characterisation of novel cancer testis antigens in human cancer cells

Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process which involves genomic instability and abnormal cellular growth over long period of time which eventually develop tumour. Cancer testis antigens consistently reported in many types of cancer which suggest its oncogenic role. But, it’s functional role in cancer still unknown and need further investigation. Also, cancer testis antigens might be used as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their main presence in normal testis cells and abnormally exist in several types of human cancer. Their aberrant expression in cancer makes them useful to target human malignancies by immunotherapy. TEX19 one of the novel CT gene was identified in this study. TEX19 show interesting expression pattern due to its confined in normal testis and expressed in many cancer tissues. This expression may indicate the oncogenic activity of TEX19 gene in somatic tissue. Thus, the possible approach to use this gene as target for cancer immunotherapy and cancer prognosis and diagnosis. In addition, TEX19 might play a role in stemness state, this was observed in TEX19 depleted cells, the stem cell markers genes such as OCT$, NANOG, SOX2 were affected after the knockdown of TEX19. However, Tex19 was not affected after differentiating NT-2 cancer cells using Retinoic acid and HMBA. We also studied the relation between TEX19 and transposable genetic elements by knockdown TEX19 in NT-2 and A2780 cancer cells. The qRT-PCR results show that human ERVK family gene expression was affected by TEX19 depletion. Moreover, our RNA sequencing data of TEX19 depleted sample and qRT-PCR analysis reveal the influence of TEX19 depletion on some differentially expressed genes. Interestingly, these genes were upregulated and down regulated after the depletion of TEX19 in four types of human cancer cell lines

Human germ/stem cell-specific gene TEX19 influences cancer cell proliferation and cancer prognosis

Table of cancer data sets analyzed. (DOCX 14 kb

Propuesta de rediseño del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable, para el Barrio Camilo Ortega, Municipio de Managua, en el período 2011-2031

El agua es el principal elemento para la supervivencia humana, por eso existe una gran relación entre el agua y la salud, los que son dos elementos que contribuyen al sostenimiento y a la calidad de la vida. La disponibilidad y calidad del agua determinan el grado de salud e higiene en cualquiera sociedad. La presente Tesis Monográfica titulada “Propuesta de rediseño del Abastecimiento de agua potable, para el Bo. Camilo Ortega, Municipio de Managua, Mayo 2011 a Mayo 2031” para optar por la titulación de Ingeniero Civil. Del 100% de las aguas, sólo un 2% equivalen a agua dulce, las cuales al pasar por un corto proceso de tratamiento y cloración puede ser consumida, lo que provoca una disputa por el vital líquido, debido a que cada comunidad por muy pequeña que sea, requiere de un servicio mínimo de abastecimiento de agua potable. El mayor aporte de las aguas dulces, lo hacen las aguas subterráneas las cuales eran relativamente libres de contaminación y particularmente útiles para uso doméstico. Hoy, salvo en raros casos, el agua como se encuentra en la naturaleza, no puede ser utilizada directamente para el consumo humano ni para usos industriales, dado que no es lo suficientemente pura biológicamente ni químicamente, debido a residuos y sustancias contaminantes arrojados por el ser humano a diario

Identification and characterisation of novel cancer testis antigens in human cancer cells

Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process which involves genomic instability and abnormal cellular growth over long period of time which eventually develop tumour. Cancer testis antigens consistently reported in many types of cancer which suggest its oncogenic role. But, it’s functional role in cancer still unknown and need further investigation. Also, cancer testis antigens might be used as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy due to their main presence in normal testis cells and abnormally exist in several types of human cancer. Their aberrant expression in cancer makes them useful to target human malignancies by immunotherapy. TEX19 one of the novel CT gene was identified in this study. TEX19 show interesting expression pattern due to its confined in normal testis and expressed in many cancer tissues. This expression may indicate the oncogenic activity of TEX19 gene in somatic tissue. Thus, the possible approach to use this gene as target for cancer immunotherapy and cancer prognosis and diagnosis. In addition, TEX19 might play a role in stemness state, this was observed in TEX19 depleted cells, the stem cell markers genes such as OCT$, NANOG, SOX2 were affected after the knockdown of TEX19. However, Tex19 was not affected after differentiating NT-2 cancer cells using Retinoic acid and HMBA. We also studied the relation between TEX19 and transposable genetic elements by knockdown TEX19 in NT-2 and A2780 cancer cells. The qRT-PCR results show that human ERVK family gene expression was affected by TEX19 depletion. Moreover, our RNA sequencing data of TEX19 depleted sample and qRT-PCR analysis reveal the influence of TEX19 depletion on some differentially expressed genes. Interestingly, these genes were upregulated and down regulated after the depletion of TEX19 in four types of human cancer cell lines

Prevalence of anemia among Saudi patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in King Faisal Hospital, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancies at King Faisal Hospital in Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from December 2017 to March 2020. A total of 320 patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancy were examined to assess anemia prevalence.ResultsOf 320 patients with solid cancers, 245 (76.6%) were female and 75 (23.4%) were male. The median (interquartile range) age of 57 (45 ─ 66) years, range between 16 and 108 years. The types of cancer included were breast (29.1%), female genital tract (20.0%), colorectal (25.3%), head and neck (10.3%), urinary bladder (4.7%), prostate (5.0%), lung (2.5%), liver (2.2%) and lymphoma (0.9%). The prevalence of anemia at diagnosis of cancer was 44.1% across all cancer types. A higher anemia prevalence was noted in colorectal (n = 46/81, 56.8%) (p = 0.047).ConclusionPatients with colorectal or female genital tract cancers had a higher anemia prevalence (56.8% and 43.8%, respectively) than did patients with other cancers