Fire Emergency Management System for Joshua Tree National Park

Geographic information system (GIS) technology is a valuable tool when it comes to assessing and managing the emergency response to wild fire. Joshua Tree National Park (JOTR) recognized a need to deliver a GIS-based system to assist them with more rapid response to wildfire incidents and to prioritize creation of firebreaks, and the benefits of the technology to describe an automated solution that responds to fire when identified. This document outlines the procedures for using GIS to provide a solution for this problem in JOTR. The solution involved producing Python scripting tools to prepare the data for subsequent input to geoprocessing tools and designing a web-based application that would help the fire dispatch center understand where a response is needed. The web application enabled the user to identify the fire incident location using different types of searches, identify the shortest path to the fire from the fire station, and identify the best places for the firebreak

Writing English Sentences More Effectively By Avoiding Arabian Students’ Typical Mistakes

In Arabic speaking countries like Saudi Arabia, English is considered as the most important second language to be taught and used. Unfortunately, a sizeable percentage of students there appear to still have significant difficulty learning English, possibly due to the difficulty in finding sufficiently qualified teachers. This type of problem is self-perpetuating since the taught students might become weak teachers in the future also. This thesis aims to address the problem of helping Arabic students to improve their writing in English and to help them learn so that they will make fewer mistakes in the future and possibly become better teachers themselves. It focuses on creating methods to find the most typical mistakes made by those Arabian students in their writing, mistakes which were determined by the author from both self-observation and a review of related research findings (The author also saw these mistakes in the sentences used by subjects who tried pilot versions of the software). The result of this work is usable software that is able to detect, correct, and provide grammatical rules related to the most common mistakes found in the written sentences of the target Arabian students, when the sentences are in the present tense. These types are errors related to the following rules: (1) letters capitalization rules, (2) adj-noun ordering in the sentence, (3) proper use of the verb to be, (4) punctuation placement rules, (5) the use of the articles “a” and “an” within a sentence, and (6) rules for the possessive case. The software was evaluated using the author’s observation on the use of the software by 22 Arabian students and by letting them afterwards to complete a usability and usefulness survey. The results of the evaluation suggest that Arabs will mostly like how the software treats punctuation placing errors. Students also advised the author that it would be beneficial for the software to address a broader range of typical mistakes. This work is the first to create software specifically for Arabic students of English to help them to find their grammatical errors, provide suggested correction, and teach the student the grammatical rules needed to correct his/her sentence

Hypoglycaemia in Diabetes and Dementia Population

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia are common long-term conditions that co-exist in a large proportion of the elderly. Diabetic patients with dementia may be less able to self-manage and control their diabetes, placing them at a higher risk of complications such as hypoglycaemia. AIM: This thesis aimed to investigate the risk of hypoglycaemia associated with dementia diagnosis among patients with DM. METHODS: This thesis describes work conducted using The IQVIA Medical Research Data (IMRD)‐UK database. Firstly, a descriptive, population-based study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia in the diabetes population. Secondly, a descriptive, drug utilisation study was conducted to describe the prescribing pattern of antidiabetic medications and the rate of hypoglycaemia. Thirdly, a cohort study was conducted to investigate the association between dementia diagnosis and hypoglycaemia among patients with DM. Finally, a retrospective, pre-post exposure study was conducted to explore the glycaemic control and the rate of hypoglycaemia in diabetes patients pre- and post-dementia diagnosis. RESULTS: There was a trend of increasing prevalence and incidence of dementia, annual antidiabetic medication prescribing and hypoglycaemia rate in patients diagnosed with both DM and dementia over the period of 2000–2016. Patients diagnosed with dementia were at a twofold increased risk for hypoglycaemic events compared with those not diagnosed with dementia for whom the adjusted hazards ratio (HR) was 2.00 (95% CI,1.63–2.66). Glycaemic control was tighter in patients after dementia diagnosis compared to glycaemic control before dementia diagnosis. The rate of hypoglycaemia six months after dementia diagnosis was significantly higher at 3.05% (95% CI 3.0%–3.1%) compared to the rate of hypoglycaemia before dementia diagnosis at 2.18% (95% CI 2.1%–2.2%). Conclusion: This project highlighted the clinical impact of dementia on patients with DM and confirmed that dementia was associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia. Therefore, physicians need to take extra care regarding diabetes management, especially for patients who have been diagnosed with dementia

E-Commerce Adoption Factors and Their Implications for E-Commerce Business Strategy in Saudi Arabia

This research project provides a comprehensive overview and current perspective of e-commerce usage and adoption factors in Saudi Arabia and seeks to explain why ecommerce use is still in a relatively immature state when compared to other regions. This study examines Saudi Arabia’s infrastructure readiness for online shopping and explores Saudi consumers’ behaviour and attitudes with regard to shopping online. An online survey was conducted to elicit general perceptions of Saudi consumers, as well as more specific opinions about e-payments and perceived obstacles to online shopping. A total of 1,740 responses were received. The findings of this study are of interest to government agencies, Saudi banks, Internet entrepreneurs and established companies that wish to enter the e-commerce market in Saudi Arabia

Literature Review of Water Alternation Gas Injection

The Water Alternating Gas (WAG) process is a cyclic method of injecting alternating cycles of gas followed by water and repeating this process over a number of cycles. WAG injection is to improve oil recovery, by both increasing the macroscopic and microscopic sweep efficiency and to help maintain the reservoir pressure. Also, WAG injection is to postpone the gas breakthrough. The WAG process provides mobility control in fast zones which extends gas project life and oil recovery. This paper provided a comprehensive literature study about  WAG injection. This  paper has collected most of the requirements of the petroleum engineers that has to know about the WAG injection started from basic concepts until the design parameter for WAG injection

A Smart Solution for Fuel Smuggling Problem: The Reality and Challenges, Case Study of the Southern Region of Libya .

The phenomenon of smuggling is a crime that threatens countries in general. It is considered as a challenge for all countries to overcome this problem. The danger increases when the goods of smuggling are one of the most important natural resources in the country, which is the smuggling of oil or one of the oil derivatives, among which is fuel in a remarkable way. Where the smuggling groups smuggle the fuel across the land borders of south Libya. Given the presence of this crime, we are trying to shed light on it by asking many questions and knowing the position of the Libyan legislator regarding it. Were the solutions that decided useful or not? This paper was written as a result of the suffering suffered by the people in the south of Libya as a result of this crisis. However, the crise has described in general and provided the ideal solution that should be applied in all the countries.  The solution was represented full system for the fuel distribution. The system is supported by monitoring sensors, indication sensors, and an artificial neural network system

Towards quality teacher education : productive pedagogies as a framework for Saudi pre-service teachers’ training in Mathematics education

Reforming pedagogy in mathematics education has been the focus of numerous educational reforms around the world. Productive Pedagogies is a framework for reflection on teaching that aims at improving students’ intellectual reasoning, making school teaching and learning more connected to students’ everyday lives, and addresses the concerns of equity support. There has been no research on this novel teaching framework in the Saudi Arabian context.The focus of this study was the incorporation of the Productive Pedagogies framework in teacher education. In particular, this study aimed to investigate the incorporation of the Productive Pedagogies framework within a teachers’ pre-service unit in mathematics education in Saudi Arabia. In addition, it aimed to investigate the pre-service teachers’ ability to implement the framework in their field experiences. Socio-cultural factors related to the incorporation of Productive Pedagogies in a Saudi Arabian context were also examined.This research is a qualitative study informed by practical action research methodology and aims to introduce the Productive Pedagogies framework to a group of final year pre-service teachers at a teacher education college in Saudi Arabia. This study took place during the last two semesters of the course and was conceptualised to consist of two phases. In phase I, eighteen pre-service teachers were introduced to the Productive Pedagogies framework in the unit of Mathematics Teaching Methods. In other words, the framework constituted part of the content of the unit and was used as an overall organizer to integrate the other content usually covered in the subject. At the same time, the framework was used by the researcher in his teaching of the subject, thus modeling the principles of the framework in the classroom. In phase II, six pre-service teachers were followed into their field experience at two participating primary schools. Each pre-service teacher was observed five times during their field experience to ascertain his level of understanding and use of the framework. This study gathered data from focus groups, interviews, observations and reflective journals.The study revealed that, overwhelmingly, pre-service teachers found the framework very useful, helping them to integrate their new knowledge developed in the unit, Mathematics Teaching Methods, into their practice; they also attempted to use it in planning, conducting and reflecting on their teaching practice during their field experience. In particular, the pre-service teachers demonstrated a shift towards student-centred teaching. In addition, the findings indicated that while the pre-service teachers faced challenges in using Productive Pedagogies in their practice and some of the main dimensions were not implemented a great deal, there was clear evidence of an increase in the implementation of each dimension by pre-service teachers over the duration of the observation period. Reflecting on some of the problems that were observed, this study makes some recommendations for teacher training programs in general

A New EOR Technology: Gas Alternating Gas Injection

A new method of enhanced oil recovery has been developed and applied to a simulation using some of data from the fifth SPE paper " template from CMG ". The simulator was used in this paper is GEM in the Computer Modelling Group (CMG) advanced equation-of-state (EOS) compositional simulator. The new method is called Gas alternating gas injection(GAG). The Gas Alternating Gas process is a cyclic method of injecting alternating cycles of gas followed by gas and repeating. Sensitivity analysis showed this method can give a much better recovery factor for GAG compared with single continues gas injection. GAG benefits that will give low water cut and high oil recovery due to gas segregation between two gases and that will prevent heavier gas to go the top layers. This work indicate that the GAG injection is an economic method compared with continues injection. Especially when we use GAG (Air + CO2). &nbsp