Strategic distribution of seeds to support diffusion in complex networks

© 2018 Jankowski et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Usually, the launch of the diffusion process is triggered by a few early adopters–i.e., seeds of diffusion. Many studies have assumed that all seeds are activated once to initiate the diffusion process in social networks and therefore are focused on finding optimal ways of choosing these nodes according to a limited budget. Despite the advances in identifying influencing spreaders, the strategy of activating all seeds at the beginning might not be sufficient in accelerating and maximising the coverage of diffusion. Also, it does not capture real scenarios in which marketing campaigns continuously monitor and support the diffusion process by seeding more nodes. More recent studies investigate the possibility of activating additional seeds as the diffusion process goes forward. In this work, we further examine this approach and search for optimal ways of distributing seeds during the diffusion process according to a pre-allocated seeding budget. Theoretically, we show that a universally best solution does not exist, and we prove that finding an optimal distribution of supporting seeds over time for a particular network is an NP-hard problem. Numerically, we evaluate several seeding strategies on different networks regarding maximising the coverage and minimising the spreading time. We find that each network topology has a best strategy given some spreading parameters. Our findings can be crucial in identifying the best strategies for budget allocation in different scenarios such as marketing or political campaigns

Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Haloxylon salicarnicum, Ochradenus arabicus and Tamarix nilotica

In the present investigation, the preliminary phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of hexane, chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of Haloxylon salicarnicum, Ochradenus arabicus and Tamarix nilotica were reported. The presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrate, tannin, protein, steroids, saponin, phlobatannin, cardiacglycoside, anthraquinines and volatile oils were determined and for antioxidant activity, DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging potential were studied. Strong presence of alkaloid, tannin, steroids in H. salicarnicum, flavonoid and phenols in O. arabicus and saponin T. nilotica were observed. In the present investigation, all the extracts inhibited the free radicals the methanol extract of O. arabicus was identified as potential crude extract compared to all other extracts with the IC50 values of 91.65 (DPPH), 94.62 (ABTS), 95.82 (O2) and 96.02 (OH) µg/mL. Whereas, the IC50 value of the standard, Gallic acid were 125.25 (DPPH), 142.32 (ABTS), 130.78 (O2) and 139.93 µg/mL (OH). Whereas, the IC50 value of the standard, Gallic acid were 125.25 (DPPH), 142.32 (ABTS), 130.78 (O2) and 139.93 µg/mL (OH)The present study suggests that methanol extract of O. arabicus can be used for the isolation potential natural antioxidant

Integration of remote sensing and geographic information systems for geological fault detection on the island of Crete, Greece

Fracture systems are of great importance in the field of structural geology. Faults commonly afford easy passage to groundwater and fluids such as hydrothermal fluids and magmas or even contribute to earthquake hazard monitoring. For a geologist, it is not always easy to discern such morphotectonic structures at close range. Both remote sensing techniques and spatial modeling permit the recognition and better understanding of the brittle tectonics in an area. This study was an effort to delineate the tectonic structures on Crete by combining Sentinel-2 satellite data and spatial data. For the enhancement and better discrimination of photolineaments primarily recognized on satellite imagery, a variety of enhancement techniques has been applied. The evaluation of a photolineament as a potential fracture zone was based on several factors: the DEM of the study area, the shaded relief, the slopes and corresponding aspects, the drainage network, the geology and general observations on vegetative coverage appearance. The application of these methods revealed several fracture zones, which we recommend be certified by field investigations. Fault-mapping results may be used for a variety of geological and hydrogeological studies. Indicative places of a large concentration of groundwater are of vital importance for subsequent exploitation by areas of need. The present work may provide useful information for further analysis by geophysicists and seismologists.</p

Neutronics Assessment of Accident-Tolerant Fuel in Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400)

Safety and reliability are the most desirable conditions that each nuclear power plant should improve. Since the Fukushima Daiichi accident, Accident-Tolerant Fuel (ATF) has been extensively researched to improve the performance of the nuclear fuel system. This paper presents the investigation of the ATF system from a neutronics perspective, which positively reflects on the performance of the APR-1400 nuclear power plant. Several advanced fuel candidates such as UC, U3Si2, and UN, which have better thermophysical properties than current UO2 nuclear fuel, have been considered. Meanwhile, advanced cladding candidates such as FeCrAl, Zr-alloy with coating, and SiC which can reduce or even eliminate the oxidation rate of current Zr-alloy cladding have been adopted in this study. The Monte Carlo Serpent code, in conjunction with ENDF/B-VII.1 nuclear data library, has been used to calculate and evaluate the important neutronics parameters at the assembly level such as the fuel residence time, discharge burnup, kinetics parameters, pin power distribution, temperature reactivity feedbacks, and fissile evolution. The advanced fuels show better neutronics performance than the current UO2 fuel. In addition, SiC provides optimum neutronic performance as cladding

Framework for embedding industry 4.0 in UAE emergency management

Disasters, natural and man-made, are on the increase. It is universally accepted that global warning and climate change drive the rate and the severity of natural disasters. Rapid industrialisation, regional conflicts and socio-political tensions are increasing the occurrences of man-made disasters. Emergences created by these disasters need to be handled efficiently and effectively to reduce the impact on affected communities. Emergency Management Cycle with four phases (mitigation-preparedness-response-recover) is the de-facto approach in handling such emergencies. Although the UAE is not known for large-scale disasters, the underlying risk factors are increasing. The inception of Industry 4.0 gives an impetus to explore the use of the latest technologies in emergency management. An extensive review of literature concludes that no formal framework exists to integrate Industry 4.0 technologies in emergency management. Therefore, this research aims to design and develop a framework to facilitate the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in the UAE National Response Framework. With the justification of the research through the extensive literature review, the thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of data collected from interviews and a questionnaire survey. Driven by the gaps and potential enhancements identified through those two exercises, this work continues to assess the probable use of industry 4.0 technologies in emergency management and analyse existing Industry 4.0 Readiness Models. The outcomes from the assessment and analysis are then used to build the I4EM (Industry 4.0 for Emergency Management) Framework, which incorporates four (4) major constructs, I4EM Application Repository, I4EM Technology Map, I4EM Readiness Model and I4EM Maturity Model. Three (3) reference models for Key Performance Indicators (KPI), knowledge management and digital twins are also added to realise the full potential of the I4EM Framework. The I4EM framework, together with three reference models, provides a holistic approach to integrating Industry 4.0 technologies in emergency management cycles and they collectively make a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in this field. As the government of the UAE has launched (in 2021) an ambitious strategy to become a global hub for Industry 4.0 technologies, the outlook for further research and development in this area is promising

Real-time Multi-Messenger Analysis Framework of KM3NeT

KM3NeT is a multi-purpose cubic-kilometer neutrino observatory in construction in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of ORCA and ARCA (for Oscillation and Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss, respectively); currently both have a few detection lines in operation. Although having different primary goals, both detectors can be used to do neutrino astronomy over a wide energy range, from a few GeV to a few tens of PeV. In view of the growing field of time-domain astronomy, it is increasingly crucial to be able to identify neutrinos in real-time. This online neutrino sample will serve to trigger neutrino alerts that will be sent to the astronomy community and to look for time/space coincidence around external electromagnetic and multi-messenger triggers. These real-time searches can significantly increase the discovery potential of transient cosmic accelerators and refine the pointing directions in the case of poorly localized triggers, such as gravitational waves. In the field of core-collapse supernovae (CCSN), the detection of the MeVscale CCSN neutrinos is crucial as an early warning. KM3NeT’s digital optical modules act as good detectors for these neutrinos. This proceeding presents the status of KM3NeT’s real-time multi-messenger activities, including supernova monitoring, online event reconstruction, event classification and selection, alert distribution, and the first test of the selection on data.Article signat per 297 autors/es: M.Ageron, S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, W. Assal, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, S. Biagi, M. Billault, M. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, C. Boutonnet, G. Bouvet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, H.Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, L. Caillat, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone, H. Carduner, V. Carretero, P. Castaldi, S. Celli;, R. Cereseto, M. Chabab, C. Champion, N. Chau, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer Molla, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, A. Cosquer, P. Coyle, M. Cresta, A. Creuso, A. Cruz, G. Cuttone, A. D’Amico, R. Dallier, B. De Martino, M. De Palma, I. Di Palma, A. F. Díaz, D. Diego- Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, M. Dörr, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, A. Eddyamoui, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, H. Eljarrari, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, V. Espinosa, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, M. D. Filipovic, F. Filippini, J. Fransen, L. A. Fusco, D. Gajanana, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, A. Garcia Soto, E. Garçon, F. Garufi, C. Gatius, N. Geißelbrecht, L. Gialanella, E. Giorgio, S. R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, G. Grella, D. Guderian, C. Guidi, B. Guillon, M. Gutiérrez, J. Haefner, S. Hallmann, H. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, L. Hennig, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang,W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, A. Ilioni, G. Illuminati, C.W. James, D. Janezashvili, P. Jansweijer, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B. J. Jung, M. Kadler, P. Kalaczynski, O. Kalekin,U. F. Katz, F. Kayzel, P.Keller, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, G. Kistauri, F. van der Knaap, P. Kooijman, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, V. Kulikovskiy, M. Labalme, P. Lagier, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, J. Laurence, A. Lazo, R. Le Breton, E. Le Guirriec, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, O. Leonardi, F. Leone, E. Leonora, C. Lerouvillois, J. Lesrel, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, M. Lindsey Clark, T. Lipreau, C. LLorens Alvarez, A. Lonardo, F. Longhitano, D. Lopez-Coto, N. Lumb, L. Maderer, J. Majumdar, J. Manczak, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Marini, C. Markou, L. Martin, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, F. Marzaioli, S. Mastroianni, K.W. Melis, G. Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, P. Mijakowski, L. S. Miranda, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, A. Moussa, R. Muller, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, L. Nauta, S. Navas, C. A. Nicolau, B. Nkosi, B. Ó Fearraigh, M. O’Sullivan, A. Orlando, G. Ottonello, S. Ottonello, J. Palacios González5, G. Papalashvili, R. Papaleo, C. Pastore, A. M. Paun, G. E. Pavalas, G. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, O. Pisanti, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, F. Pratolongo, I. Probst, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, G. Quéméner, N. Randazzo, A. Rapicavoli, S. Razzaque, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, L. Rigalleau, A. Romanov, A. Rovelli, J. Royon, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez Losa, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, M. F. Schneider, J. Schumann, H. M. Schutte, J. Seneca, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, A. Sharma, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, D. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, S. M. Stellacci, M. Taiuti, F. Tatone, Y. Tayalati, E. Tenllado, D. Tézier, T. Thakore, S. Theraube, H. Thiersen, P. Timmer, S. Tingay, S. Tsagkli, V. Tsourapis, E. Tzamariudaki, D. Tzanetatos, C. Valieri, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vasileiadis, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, G. de Wasseige, J.Wilms, R.Wojaczynski, E. deWolf, T. Yousfi, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, D. Zito, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, N. Zywucka.Postprint (published version

Streptococcus anginosus bacteremia: a septic IVC thrombus and a large empyema requiring decortication

A previously healthy 39 year old male presented with complaints of cough, fever, abdominal pain and chills. The patient was found to be in active sepsis with hypotension on presentation so was resuscitated while a full septic work-up was ordered. Initial chest X-ray showed only increased broncho-alveolar markings and no consolidations, but blood cultures eventually revealed Streptococcus anginosus bacteremia. Intravenous antibiotics were started and infective endocarditis was ruled out. Computerized tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast revealed findings suggestive of a septic hepatic inferior vena cava thrombus and right lower lung findings suggestive of septic embolization and an empyema. Later on during admission, CT scan of the chest with contrast revealed a moderate-sized empyema of the right lung which eventually required decortication. Discovering such findings concurrently in a single patient is extremely rare, particularly an embolizing septic IVC thrombus with confirmed bacteremia. For this reason it is described in the following case presentatio

KM3NeT performance on oscillation and absorption tomography of the Earth

The KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction, consists of two detectors in the Mediterranean Sea, ORCA and ARCA, both using arrays of optical modules to detect the Cherenkov light produced by charged particles created in neutrino interactions. Although originally designed for neutrino oscillation and astrophysical research, this experiment also bears unprecedented possibilities for other fields of physics. Here we present its performance for neutrino tomography, i.e. the study of the Earth’s internal structure and composition. Owing to the different energy ranges covered by its two detectors ORCA and ARCA, KM3NeT will be the first experiment to perform both oscillation and absorption neutrino tomography. Resonance effects in the oscillations of GeV neutrinos traversing the Earth will allow KM3NeT/ORCA to measure the electron density along their trajectory, leading to potential constraints of the proton-to-nucleon (Z/A) ratio in the traversed matter. Absorption tomography aims at the detection of neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range with KM3NeT/ARCA. At PeV energies, the Earth is opaque for neutrinos which leads to a reduction of the upgoing neutrino flux at the detector side from which conclusions can be drawn about the density of the inner layers of the Earth. We show here first sensitivity studies of the potential of KM3NeT to address open questions of geophysics concerning the chemical composition and matter distribution in the Earth’s core and mantle through neutrino tomography.Article signat per 297 autors/es: M.Ageron, S. Aiello, A. Albert, M. Alshamsi, S. Alves Garre, Z. Aly, A. Ambrosone, F. Ameli, M. Andre, G. Androulakis, M. Anghinolfi, M. Anguita, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, W. Assal, J. Aublin, C. Bagatelas, B. Baret, S. Basegmez du Pree, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, E. Berbee, A. M. van den Berg, V. Bertin, S. Beurthey, V. van Beveren, S. Biagi, M. Billault, M. Bissinger, M. Boettcher, M. Bou Cabo, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, C. Boutonnet, G. Bouvet, M. Bouwhuis, C. Bozza, H.Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, R. Bruno, E. Buis, R. Buompane, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, L. Caillat, D. Calvo, S. Campion, A. Capone, H. Carduner, V. Carretero, P. Castaldi, S. Celli;, R. Cereseto, M. Chabab, C. Champion, N. Chau, A. Chen, S. Cherubini, V. Chiarella, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, R. Cocimano, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer Molla, S. Colonges, R. Coniglione, A. Cosquer, P. Coyle, M. Cresta, A. Creuso, A. Cruz, G. Cuttone, A. D’Amico, R. Dallier, B. De Martino, M. De Palma, I. Di Palma, A. F. Díaz, D. Diego- Tortosa, C. Distefano, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, M. Dörr, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, A. Eddyamoui, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, I. El Bojaddaini, H. Eljarrari, D. Elsaesser, A. Enzenhöfer, V. Espinosa, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, M. D. Filipovic, F. Filippini, J. Fransen, L. A. Fusco, D. Gajanana, T. Gal, J. García Méndez, A. Garcia Soto, E. Garçon, F. Garufi, C. Gatius, N. Geißelbrecht, L. Gialanella, E. Giorgio, S. R. Gozzini, R. Gracia, K. Graf, G. Grella, D. Guderian, C. Guidi, B. Guillon, M. Gutiérrez, J. Haefner, S. Hallmann, H. Hamdaoui, H. van Haren, A. Heijboer, A. Hekalo, L. Hennig, S. Henry, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang,W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, A. Ilioni, G. Illuminati, C.W. James, D. Janezashvili, P. Jansweijer, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, B. J. Jung, M. Kadler, P. Kalaczynski, O. Kalekin,U. F. Katz, F. Kayzel, P.Keller, N. R. Khan Chowdhury, G. Kistauri, F. van der Knaap, P. Kooijman, A. Kouchner, M. Kreter, V. Kulikovskiy, M. Labalme, P. Lagier, R. Lahmann, P. Lamare, M. Lamoureux, G. Larosa, C. Lastoria, J. Laurence, A. Lazo, R. Le Breton, E. Le Guirriec, S. Le Stum, G. Lehaut, O. Leonardi, F. Leone, E. Leonora, C. Lerouvillois, J. Lesrel, N. Lessing, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, M. Lindsey Clark, T. Lipreau, C. LLorens Alvarez, A. Lonardo, F. Longhitano, D. Lopez-Coto, N. Lumb, L. Maderer, J. Majumdar, J. Manczak, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Marini, C. Markou, L. Martin, J. A. Martínez-Mora, A. Martini, F. Marzaioli, S. Mastroianni, K.W. Melis, G. Miele, P. Migliozzi, E. Migneco, P. Mijakowski, L. S. Miranda, C. M. Mollo, M. Mongelli, A. Moussa, R. Muller, P. Musico, M. Musumeci, L. Nauta, S. Navas, C. A. Nicolau, B. Nkosi, B. Ó Fearraigh, M. O’Sullivan, A. Orlando, G. Ottonello, S. Ottonello, J. Palacios González5, G. Papalashvili, R. Papaleo, C. Pastore, A. M. Paun, G. E. Pavalas, G. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, O. Pisanti, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, F. Pratolongo, I. Probst, G. Pühlhofer, S. Pulvirenti, G. Quéméner, N. Randazzo, A. Rapicavoli, S. Razzaque, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, L. Rigalleau, A. Romanov, A. Rovelli, J. Royon, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, A. Sánchez Losa, M. Sanguineti, A. Santangelo, D. Santonocito, P. Sapienza, J. Schmelling, J. Schnabel, M. F. Schneider, J. Schumann, H. M. Schutte, J. Seneca, I. Sgura, R. Shanidze, A. Sharma, A. Sinopoulou, B. Spisso, M. Spurio, D. Stavropoulos, J. Steijger, S. M. Stellacci, M. Taiuti, F. Tatone, Y. Tayalati, E. Tenllado, D. Tézier, T. Thakore, S. Theraube, H. Thiersen, P. Timmer, S. Tingay, S. Tsagkli, V. Tsourapis, E. Tzamariudaki, D. Tzanetatos, C. Valieri, V. Van Elewyck, G. Vasileiadis, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, G. de Wasseige, J.Wilms, R.Wojaczynski, E. deWolf, T. Yousfi, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, D. Zito, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, N. Zywucka.Postprint (published version

KM3NeT/ARCA sensitivity to transient neutrino sources

The KM3NeT Collaboration is constructing a km3 -volume neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean sea, ARCA (Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss), for the detection and subsequent study of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. This telescope will be able to reconstruct the arrival direction of the neutrinos with a precision of 0.1¿ . The configuration of ARCA makes it sensitive to neutrinos in a wide energy range, from sub-TeV up to tens of PeV. Moreover, this detector has a large field of view and a very high duty cycle, allowing for full-sky (and all-flavours) searches. All these features make ARCA an excellent instrument to study transient neutrino sources. Atmospheric muons and neutrinos, produced by primary cosmic rays, constitute the main background for ARCA. This background can be several orders of magnitude higher than the expected cosmic neutrino flux. In this work, we introduce an event selection which reduces the background up to a negligible level inside the region of interest and within the search time window. The ARCA performance to detect a transient neutrino flux, including the effective area, sensitivity and discovery potential, are provided for a given test source, and for different time windows.Postprint (published version