Upset Paths and 2-Majority Tournaments

In 2005, Alon, et al. proved that tournaments arising from majority voting scenarios have minimum dominating sets that are bounded by a constant that depends only on the notion of what is meant by a majority. Moreover, they proved that when a majority means that Candidate A beats Candidate B when Candidate A is ranked above Candidate B by at least two out of three voters, the tournament used to model this voting scenario has a minimum dominating set of size at most three. This result gives 2-majority tournaments some significance among all tournaments and motivates us to investigate when a given tournament can be considered a 2-majority tournament. In this thesis, we prove, among other things, that the presence of an upset path in a tournament allows us to conclude the tournament is realizable as a 2-majority tournament

Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters for Sickle Cell Anemic Children at Kassala City, Eastern Sudan

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease caused by gene mutation. Many investigators reported that Eastern Sudan has rich SCD and also an association with biochemical parameters such as liver and renal function tests. Objective: The present study was to assess the plasma biochemical parameters such as urea, creatinine and sodium (Na) and potassium (K) total protein, albumin, Bilirubin, Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in SCD as case group and apparently healthy persons as control group. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted at Kassala Teaching Hospital, Kassala city, Eastern Sudan. This study was carried during December 2019 to January 2020. A total of 100 subjects enrolled in this study, 50 patients with SCD as case group and 50 apparently healthy as control group. The plasma biochemical parameters were estimated using Biosystem-350(Semi automated chemistry analyzer), and plasma Na and K were estimated using Easylyte. The data was analyzed using SPSS version (23). Results:Study populations were matched age and sex, the age ranged from 5 to 15 years with their average age 8years. The plasma Na was insignificance difference in case compared to control group. The plasma K, urea and creatinine (p=0.039) were significantly increase compared to control group. Also the plasma total protein, albumin, Bilirubin, creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly increase in case group compared to control group. The age was strong association into plasma urea(r=0.583, p=.000) and plasma crearinine (r=0.759, p=.000). The negative correlation between plasma Na and plasma urea (r= -.335, p=0.017). There was positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine (r=0.332, p=0.018).  Their strong association between plasma Bilirubin and ALP activity (r= .563, P=.000), and also their strongly association between liver enzymes plasma level among SCD patients (r=.873, 381, 563, P= .000, .006, 000). Conclusion:The study concluded that, significance increased in plasma K, urea creatinine, plasma total protein, and albumin, Bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP. Strong association between age and    plasma urea, creatinine, and the negative correlation between plasma Na and plasma urea and also positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine. There were positive correlation between plasma urea and creatinine.  Their strong association between plasma bilirubin and ALP levels and also their strongly association between liver enzymes levels among SCD patients. Observation of the study concludes the biochemical abnormality play a significant role in sickle cell patient’s physiopathology and can be used to management of the disease

The Effect of Symptoms on the Survival Time of Coronavirus Patients in the Sudanese Population

The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread worldwide, resulting in substantial rates of illness and death. Gaining insight into the various factors that impact the duration of survival among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 is of utmost importance to inform clinical practices and public health strategies This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the acuteness of symptoms and the survival time of coronavirus patients in Sudan. The Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used to determine the symptom pattern. The results of COVID-19 and Cox regression were utilized to determine the most critical symptoms affecting coronavirus patients. The log-rank test revealed that there are differences in the pattern of age and symptoms among coronavirus patients. Cox regression revealed that symptoms affect on the survival time of coronavirus patients. The Cox proportional Hazard Model shows that the hazard of age at any time increases by 116.5%, diarrhea increases by 9%, headache increases by 62.0%, fatigability increases by 13.3%, and other symptoms increase by 47.3%. This study differs from prior studies in several ways. No current study in Sudan has used survival analysis to discover the most relevant symptoms affecting survival time

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A 15-years Experience at a Single Centre, Wad Medani, Sudan

No Abstract

A Novel Formula for Solving Integral Transforms

In this paper, we present a novel formula to solve well-known integral transforms (Laplace andFourier) as well as new integral transform (Sumudu) and their inverses in a clear and practicalmanner. This formula is restricted to integrals that include a derivable function multiplied by anexponential function. The proposed methodology is presented gradually in this article to dealwith these integrals. Moreover, we give provide examples to illustrate the effectiveness of thenew formula

Study of lipid profiles high and normal body mass index in polycystic ovary syndrome women in Aljouf, Saudi Arabia

Background: For women of reproductive age, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinological condition. Hyperandrogenism, persistent ovulatory dysfunction, obesity, and insulin resistance have all been associated with PCOS. However, recently PCOS is detected in high-body weight and normal-body-weight women. No information was available to evaluate specific lipid profiles. The goal of this study is to analyze the lipid profiles of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome who have high or normal body weight. Methods: This polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) retrospective study was carried out between January 2021 and January 2022 at Sakaka’s Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. A total of 68 PCOS women were included in the study; we divided them into high (n=34) and normal body weight (n=34) according to the calculation of BMI. We obtain the test results of lipid profiles and demographic data from hospital record files. Results: We noticed changes but no significance in our research of lipid profiles in high and normal PCOS participants. The CHOL, TG, HDL, and LDL, 159.30±4.193, 97.89±7.140, 60.91±9.564, and 99.47±9.22 shown in the high BMI PCOS women respectively. While, 129.28±3.702, 83.69±4.49, 46.84±1.68 and86.53±4.36 were detected in normal BMI PCOS women respectively. There were none that were statistically significant, with the exception of cholesterol p=0.001. Conclusions: Our results show that POCS women with normal body weight and PCOS women with high BMI have different changes in their lipid profiles, but no significance has been found other than higher cholesterol levels. Therefore, losing weight can stop lipid profiles from altering, which may reduce difficulties in the future

Lost-PLA Casting Process Development Using Material Extrusion with Low-Weight PLA

The goal of this research is to develop a baseline procedure for lost-PLA casting process of aluminum. Traditional Manufacturing techniques and Smart Manufacturing techniques have their advantages and disadvantages. Integrating the traditional and modern aspects of manufacturing enhances the capabilities of manufacturing. In this study, low-weight PLA is used in a Material Extrusion (MEX) machine to fabricate sacrificial patterns for an aluminum lost-casting process. Different process parameters, after a calibration process, are tested for the MEX process The MEX process parameters tested are: infill pattern, and top/bottom solid layers. The MEX process parameter investigation allows to draw conclusions to establish a standard for which parameters are ideal for the casting process. For this research, casting process parameters are set constant. The preliminary studies show that the lost-PLA casting process is successful in producing dimensionally accurate aluminum parts by a direct-pour casting process using the suggested MEX process parameters.Mechanical Engineerin

Crystal structures of 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide and 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide

The title molecular salts, C10H15N2+·C6H6ClN2O2−, (I), and C10H15N2+·C7H8ClN2O2−, (II), consist of 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium cations with a 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (I) and a 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (II). Salt (I) crystallizes with two independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structures of both salts, the ions are linked via N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming sheets which are parallel to (100) in (I) and to (001) in (II). In (I), the sheets are linked via C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework

The Main and Most Important Radiological Role in the Future of the Healthcare Management: A Systematic Theoretical Review

This study aimed at exploring the main and most important Radiological role in the future of the healthcare management through a systematic theoretical review.  As radiology plays the key role of jumping in to investigate dis­ease diagnosing, staging, monitoring and following it over time and offering expertise and consultation on disease states. And highlighting that this discipline is now in a stage of profound metamorphosis through out of building the value of radiology and the radiologist, to empower radiologists to be larger contributors to care teams. The study concluded that the current radiology model, though useful in many respects, needs to adapt to changing economic incentives and in one way or another align itself with those of the clinicians radiologists serve.