Is there structure at the ellipsis site? evidence from Saudi Arabic sluicing

This thesis reports on the results of eight acceptability judgment experiments on Saudi Arabic elliptical questions (sluicing). These results are presented in two sections. The first section reports on the results of four experiments on sluicing with prepositional phrases in Saudi Arabic. I show that, in standard cases of merger-type sluicing and contrastive sluicing, where the antecedent is a PP, there is no penalty for leaving out the preposition in the wh-remnant. I refer to such examples as OPUS. The findings reveal that the status of the examples depends on the status of the most acceptable synonymous source within the ellipsis site; in particular, when neither a cleft structure nor a resumptive structure is grammatically available at the ellipsis site, the acceptability of OPUS decays. I interpret this as evidence that there is syntactic structure at the ellipsis site and that the wh-remnant in these elliptical questions can – and sometimes must – relate to a resumptive pronoun at the ellipsis site. The second section reports on the results of four experiments on sluicing with degree phrases in Saudi Arabic. I show that, in standard cases of merger-type sluicing, there is a penalty for the lack of a syntactically isomorphic structure within the ellipsis site. The findings reveal that the status of examples depends on the availability of a syntactically isomorphic structure at the ellipsis site; in particular, when only a semantically identical structure is acceptable in Saudi Arabic, the acceptability of sluicing decays. Overall, the results of the eight experiments suggest that sluicing in Saudi Arabic presents evidence that there is a silent structure at the ellipsis site, which is syntactically isomorphic to the antecedent. In cases in which no syntactically isomorphic pre-sluice is grammatical in Saudi Arabic, the acceptability of sluicing decays

Resumption as a sluicing source in Saudi Arabic: Evidence from sluicing with prepositional phrases

This paper reports the results of three acceptability judgment experiments on Saudi Arabic elliptical questions (sluicing) with prepositional phrases. We show that in standard cases of merger type sluicing and contrastive sluicing there is no penalty for leaving out the preposition. Under an analysis of sluicing with syntactic identity between antecedent and ellipsis site, such examples require preposition stranding in the ellipsis site. We call this pattern OPUS, which the reader is invited to interpret as an abbreviation, depending on their theoretical predilections, as Ostensible P-stranding Under Sluicing or as Omission of Preposition Under Sluicing. Our findings show that Saudi Arabic violates Merchant’s (2001) second form identity generalization. Further experiments reveal that the status of the examples depends on the status of the most acceptable synonymous source within the ellipsis site; in particular, when neither a cleft structure nor a resumptive structure are grammatically available in the ellipsis site, the acceptability of OPUS decays. We interpret this as evidence that there is syntactic structure at the ellipsis site and that the wh-remnant in these elliptical questions can – and sometimes must – relate to a resumptive pronoun in the ellipsis site

Effectiveness of Internet Psychological Counseling In Reducing Social Phobia Symptoms Among Students of Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University

The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of the internet counseling in reducing social phobia among the university’s students. The sample consisted of (50) students and was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The social phobia scale (SPS) was administered to both groups before applying the counseling to the experimental group (as a pre-test). After that, the internet counseling was applied to the experimental group. Next, the (SPS) was administered to both groups (as a post-test). Finally, the (SPS) was administered to the experimental group (as an iterative application). Results suggest that: 1-There is a significant difference between the two groups in the post-test in all dimensions and the total score of the (SPS) in favor of the experimental group in all cases. 2-There is a significant difference between the pre- and the post-test of the experimental group in all dimensions and the total score of the (SPS) in favor of the post-test in all cases. 3- There is no significant difference between the post-test and the iterative application of the experimental group in all dimensions and the total score of the (SPS). The above results were discussed in light of the previous research. Recommendations and future researches were suggested

Do as I do and as I say : social influences on moral judgment

The main goal of this PhD research was to investigate social influences on moral judgment and factors that might moderate these effects. Specifically, this research explored (1) whether adults conform with others’ moral opinions; (2) whether there are domain differences in moral conformity; (3) whether culture and gender moderate the effects of social influences on moral judgment; (4) whether normative and informational influences affect moral conformity; and (5) how others’ moral reasons affect individuals’ own moral judgments. These questions were examined in four empirical studies. Chapter 2 reports on two studies that combined theories of moral judgment and social conformity. Chapter 3 reports on two studies investigating whether there are differences in UK and Kuwaiti adults when making ethical risky decisions and decisions in other risk domains (i.e., the health/safety, social, and recreational risk domains). The study reported in Chapter 4 investigated the role of normative and informational influences on moral conformity across five moral foundations (i.e., the harm, justice, ingroup, authority, and purity foundations). While the previous studies assessed whether simply being presented with others’ opinions affected more judgment, the study reported in Chapter 5 investigated how others’ moral reasons influenced individuals’ moral judgments. Overall, the findings of this research show that others’ opinions do influence adults’ moral judgments across domains, cultures, genders and when different conformity tasks are used. Others’ moral reasons and moral emotions, however, exert a weaker influence on individuals’ moral judgments. Social influences, and particularly moral conformity, should be considered in further detail to strengthen theories of moral decision-making and moral intervention programmes

Medical Residents of Family Medicine Management of Depression, Anxiety and Burnout Syndrome in KSA

This study aimed at analyzing the Medical Residents of family medicine management of depression, anxiety and burnout syndrome in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. This study also describes the relationship between wellness behaviors and measures of well-being at the start of family medicine residency in Kingdom Saudi Arabia. The researcher adopted the Methodology of descriptive statistics. And the study concluded that the innovative curriculum and activities that focus on wellness behaviors and healthy lifestyle choices for physicians in training are needed. The ACGME mandate on implementation of duty hours for residents may show a positive effect in future generations of physicians. Family medicine programs can lead in creating additional institutional methodologies to support a culture of wellness for residents, faculty, and staff, thus promoting a lifelong commitment to self-care and an emphasis on prevention and health promotion for our patients.

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine related lymphadenitis in children: Management guidelines endorsed by the Saudi Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (SPIDS)

AbstractThe Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine contains live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis; was first used in humans to prevent tuberculosis (TB) in 1921. The World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization in 1974 to ensure that all children have access to routinely recommended vaccines including BCG. Each year 120 million doses of BCG vaccine are administered worldwide. Intradermal BCG vaccine gives rise to a classic primary complex that consists of a cutaneous nodule at the site of injection and subclinical involvement of the regional lymph nodes, which is self-limiting and requires no treatment.However, ipsilateral regional lymph node enlargement may follow BCG vaccine and is considered as the most common complication, some progress to suppuration. Rarely a disseminated BCG infection may develop in immunocompromised individuals resulting in a devastating outcome. Within the last decades, variable strategies have been applied in treating lymphadenitis related to BCG vaccine, ranging from observation, anti-mycobacterial therapy, aspiration, incision and drainage to lymph node surgical excision.We are presenting these guidelines that intended to optimize and standardize management of various types of BCG related lymph adenitis in children. They are based upon the best available evidence in literature beside our experience in this field

Increased prevalence of rotavirus among children associated gastroenteritis in Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology along with the molecular structure of rotavirus causing pediatric diarrhea among Saudi patients. However, in this report we sited the epidemiological reflect coming from our project

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials in the Treatment of Human Brucellosis

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a persistent health problem in many developing countries throughout the world, and the search for simple and effective treatment continues to be of great importance. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A search was conducted in MEDLINE and in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Clinical trials published from 1985 to present that assess different antimicrobial regimens in cases of documented acute uncomplicated human brucellosis were included. The primary outcomes were relapse, therapeutic failure, combined variable of relapse and therapeutic failure, and adverse effect rates. A meta-analysis with a fixed effect model was performed and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A random effect model was used when significant heterogeneity between studies was verified. Comparison of combined doxycycline and rifampicin with a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin favors the latter regimen (OR = 3.17; CI95% = 2.05-4.91). There were no significant differences between combined doxycycline-streptomycin and combined doxycycline-gentamicin (OR = 1.89; CI95% = 0.81-4.39). Treatment with rifampicin and quinolones was similar to combined doxycycline-rifampicin (OR = 1.23; CI95% = 0.63-2.40). Only one study assessed triple therapy with aminoglycoside-doxycycline-rifampicin and only included patients with uncomplicated brucellosis. Thus this approach cannot be considered the therapy of choice until further studies have been performed. Combined doxycycline/co-trimoxazole or doxycycline monotherapy could represent a cost-effective alternative in certain patient groups, and further studies are needed in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Although the preferred treatment in uncomplicated human brucellosis is doxycycline-aminoglycoside combination, other treatments based on oral regimens or monotherapy should not be rejected until they are better studied. Triple therapy should not be considered the current treatment of choice