Aspects of the Ayyubids Patronage of Jerusalem 583 AH/ 1187 AD - 658 AH/ 1260 AD

This paper attempts light on the role of Waqf (=endowments) in reviving life in all its aspects in Jerusalem after its liberation from the Franks by Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi 583 AH / 1187 AD. The endowments made by the Ayyubids in Jerusalem played a major and prominent role in reviving life in the city from all sides which will be clarified by reviewing some of the endowment models in this paper. We will also review the attempts aimed at liberating the Holy City and its people from the hardship and difficult circumstances they went through during the Frankish occupation to turn into a city teeming with life again, where the endowments had a crucial role in the rise of the Holy City as a center of civilization radiation. It is recommended to preserve this holy city and take responsibility for our beloved Jerusalem

Intraoperative local infiltration anesthesia effect on post-operative pain after total knee replacement

Background: Pain following TKA renders rehabilitation difficult. Local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) could significantly decrease post-operative pain. Aim was to assess the effect of peri-articular intraoperative LIA during primary TKA on post-operative pain. Methods: This prospective, randomized and double-blind study included 150 patients, aged 65-74 years, of both sexes with stage 4 knee osteoarthritis who were assigned for primary TKA at Queen Alia Military hospital, Amman-Jordan, during the period May 2022–December 2022. Patients were divided into two groups. LIA group (GI, n=75) received a single peri-articular LIA during surgery. The cocktail comprised 75 mg diclofenac sodium, 100 mg bupivacaine, and 0.5 mg adrenaline. The cocktail was diluted in 100 ml of normal saline and split into two syringes, 50 ml each. Patients in control group (GII, n=75) received only 100 ml of normal saline. When patients had pain postoperatively, 1 mg morphine was given intravenously at 15-minute intervals. Primary outcomes were verbal analog scale (VAS) pain score from day 1 to 6 after surgery and overall morphine administration. Results: On day 1 after surgery, the average VAS was 4.19 in the LIA group vs. 6.08 in group II (p<0.002), while it was 4.01 versus 4.78 (p>0.05) on day 6. Overall morphine requirement and pain scores from day 1 to day 6 after surgery were less in the LIA group than in the other group, 13.06 mg versus 20.75 mg (p<0.004). Conclusions: Peri-articular LIA during TKA significantly improve post-operative pain and decreases morphine use.

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in malaysia, the kangkar pulai region

The medicinal plants play an important role in rural health care system throughout the world in remedying and preventing various kinds of diseases. This study documented the use of plants as traditional herbal medicine in the Kangkar Pulai region Johor, Malaysia. It also identified the homogeneity of informant knowledge on medicinal plants suitable for different ailments and types of plants most favored for the treatment of each ailment in the study. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews, discussions with key informants and informal conversations with local people and herbal practitioners. The data was calculated based on informant consensus factor (Fie) and use value (UV). Information on 40 medicinal plants species from 29 taxonomic plant families used for traditional treatment of different diseases/ailments was documented. The informant consensus factor values (Fie) showed that the local people tend to agree more with each other in terms of the plants used to treat sexual weakness (0.95), blood pressure (0.94), diabetes (0.93), delivery and female problems (0.90), hair problems and dandruff (0.87), respiratory disorder (0.86) and kidney problems (0.85). By contrast, digestive problems (0.76) and skin problems (0.71) and inflammation pain (0.70) were found to have low Fie values. Calculated values of the UV and Fie indicate that this community is knowledgeable on healing and treatment using traditional herbal medicines. © 2012 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3–6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Atomoxetine is indicated for the management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years. Few studies have assessed the safety and tolerability of atomoxetine in younger patients. This retrospective cohort study included 133 children aged 3–6 years who were diagnosed with ADHD comorbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The primary endpoint was the evaluation of the safety profile of atomoxetine. In total, 50 patients (37.6%) experienced adverse events (AEs), which led to treatment discontinuation in 23 patients (17.3%). The most common AEs were gastrointestinal (24.1%), aggression or hostility (12.8%), and increased hyperactivity (9.0%). In the 23 patients who discontinued treatment, all the AEs resolved after treatment ceased. Among the 110 patients who completed at least 6 months’ treatment, atomoxetine titrated to a dose of 1.2–1.8 mg/kg/day appeared to be well tolerated and effective. The Clinical Global Impression—Improvement score improved to 1 (“very much improved”) and 2 (“much improved”) in 62.4% and 20.3% of children, respectively, at their last visit. Overall, atomoxetine appeared to be well tolerated in younger children with comorbid ADHD and ASD. Nevertheless, close patient monitoring remains essential, and the study limitations necessitate caution in generalizing these findings to broader populations. Long-term prospective studies are required

Extraoral Halitosis due to Exhaled Acetone in Patients Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is widely used and considered as one of the most effective treatments for morbid obesity, but it can be associated with medical and dental adverse side-effects. It is frequently associated with major metabolic changes that may lead to extraoral halitosis. Aim: To assess the role of exhaled acetone produced as a result of weight loss in the production of extra-oral halitosis in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective longitudinal cohort study was designed from October 2018 to November 2019 and monitored for six months postsurgery. The subjects were patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy surgery with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 35-50 kg/m2 . Subjects were divided into two groups of low BMI loss (<5 Kg/m2 ) and high BMI loss (≥5 Kg/m2 ) postsurgery, Breath samples were collected with a portable breath ketone analyser for measurement of acetone concentrations, and blood samples were taken for measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate levels. Breath and blood samples were taken at baseline then at one month, three months, and six months postsurgery. All statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS version 22.0 with a significance value of p-value set at p<0.05. Results: Out of 43 patients enrolled initially, eventually 39 patients completed the study. The mean level of breath acetone was 4.1, 3.4, and 3.8 ppm at one month, three months, and six months, respectively (p=0.018). There was a statistically significant increase in breath acetone at one month in patients with a high rate of BMI loss. At one month, the mean blood level of 3-hydroxybutyrate was higher in patients with a high rate of BMI loss than in those with a low rate of BMI loss (1.9 vs. 1.2 mmol/L; p=0.049). The levels of breath acetone and blood 3-hydroxybutyrate were significantly correlated at one month (r=0.6, p<0.05). Conclusion: Rapid weight loss one month after gastric sleeve surgery resulted in high acetone levels suggestive of increased extraoral halitosis in such patients. Increased Acetone levels in breath and 3-hydroxybutyrate in blood are suggestive of increased extraoral halitosis in patients undergoing gastric sleeve surgery particularly within a month after surger

Novel Explosive and Super Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Structures

The fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation solutions have been investigated via fraction space-time derivative sense. We applied the unified technique for this model to extract new structures of waves. The fractional property structures were obtained from the model in form of hyperbolic, soliton, shock, explosive, superperiodic, and trigonometric structures. It was found that increasing fractal factors produces a change in the phase and wave frequency of propagating nonlinear waves. The physical models that explain tidal energy generation are crucial to the development of contemporary green power systems. The parametric description for wave characteristics in this process is created by the solution of nonlinear equations. The obtained solutions are applicable in new communications, energy applications, fractional quantum modes, and in science and complex phenomena in astrophysics. Finally, the proposed technique can be implemented for further fractional physical models

QoE-based assignment of EVs to charging stations in metropolitan environments

With the recent advances in battery technology enabling fast charging, public Charging Stations (CSs) are becoming a viable choice for Electric Vehicles (EVs). However , the distribution of EVs relies on strategic assignment of EVs to CSs. EVs drivers' Quality of Experience (QoE) is an significant impact factor that should be considered to find the optimal assignment of EVs to CSs. In this context, a novel framework to find the optimal assignment of EVs to CSs has been proposed based on optimization of QoE. Our proposed approach considers the travel time of EVs towards CSs taking into account the distance between EVs and CSs, the impact of congestion level on the roads resulted from the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) and EVs, queuing time at the CSs, and the time required to fully charge the EVs battery when connected to any charging slot at a CSs. The adjacency between the different zones in a city environment is also considered in order to minimize the potential number of CSs for each EVs. Specifically, the assignment problem is formulated as Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP), and a heuristic solution is developed using the Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique. The performance evaluation in realistic metropolitan environment attests the benefits of the proposed CSs assignment framework considering range of charging metrics

Questioning the Appropriateness of Examining Guanxi in a Wasta Environment: Why Context Should be Front and Center in Informal Network Research. A Commentary on “De-Linking From Western Epistemologies: Using Guanxi-Type Relationships to Attract and Retain Hotel Guests in the Middle East

n this commentary we reflect on Shaalan, Eid, and Tourky’s (2022)article in which they investigated the Chinese concept and practice of guanxi in the Middle East1, a region in which wasta represents the common way of informal networking. While we encourage and welcome research into informal networks, we have serious concerns about the conceptual and methodological approaches taken by Shaalan et al.(2022) in investigating informal networks in the Middle East and we explain herein why we do not believe guanxi should have been used in place of wasta. In this commentary, we commence by introducing wasta,the dominant concept in the Middle East, which Shaalan et al.(2022) disregarded. Then we reflect on the conceptual approach of researching an indigenous network construct in a foreign environment of a different culture which already has its own informal networks. In the commentary we also point out areas of concern in relation to research design and methodology. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research on informal networks, and we explicitly encourage further debate which draws on our commentary