Frugal Digitalization: A Systematic Literature Review

There is a massive growth in the use of digital technologies in businesses over these decades. However, most organizations lack the resources necessary for such an investment, particularly in developing countries. This context may be conducive to low-cost digitalization, which we named frugal digitalization. In this line, we conducted a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol to determine the scope of frugal digitalization in previous research. This protocol allowed us to include 13 articles. Results showed that some terms in the included articles reflect characteristics of an economic choice, while others are based on digital technology, and some cases emphasized the intersection of terms with economic and digital properties without any recommended theoretical definitions of this phenomenon which we called Frugal digitalization

Frugal Digitalization: "outline of definition"

International audienceThe aim of this study is to provide a definition of frugal digitalization based on a design methodological approach consisting of four stages. First, we conducted a literature review of 18 works on frugality and 17 works on digitalization. In fact, we obtained 16 definitions of "frugality" and 14 of "digitalization." From these definitions, we identified potential attributes of each term. Next, we organized the attributes of frugality into three underlying themes and those of digitalization into five underlying themes. After that, the themes of frugality and digitalization were used at their junction to propose a preliminary definition of frugal digitalization. Finally, to make the preliminary definition clear and easy to understand, we refined it

Frugal Digitalization: A Systematic Literature Review

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Digitalisation frugale de la gestion des ressources humaines : Genèse d’un concept

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Treatment of Tuna Cooking Juice via Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membrane: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology

In the present work, optimized ultrafiltration conditions, using a ceramic multi tubular titania membrane (150 KDa), were investigated for the treatment of tuna cooking juice, for water reuse in the industrial process. The interactive effects of the volume concentrating factor (VCF) (1.03–4.25), feed temperature (T) (20–60 °C), and applied transmembrane pressure (ΔP) (2–5 bar) on protein removal (R protein) and permeate flux (J) were determined. A Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) with the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical analysis, modeling, and optimization of the operating conditions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results proved that the protein removal and permeate flux were significant and represented good correlation coefficients of 0.9859 and 0.9294, respectively. Mathematical modeling showed that the best conditions were VCF = 1.5 and a feed temperature of 60 °C, under a transmembrane pressure of 5 bar. The fouling mechanism was checked by applying a polarization concentration model. Determination of the gel concentration confirmed the results found in the mass balance calculation and proved that the VCF must not exceed 1.5. The membrane regeneration efficiency was proven by determining the water permeability after the chemical cleaning process

Evaluation of TiO2/smectite nanoparticles as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for chromium removal from industrial wastewater

International audienceIn this work, chromium removal efficiency from electroplating industry wastewater was studied by adsorption using TiO2/smectite nanoparticles (NP) synthesized by modification of natural smectite by colloidal route. The effect on chromium adsorption of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, temperature and initial concentration was then determined in batch system. Chromium concentration can be reduced to 24 mg/L (70%) under the experimental condition (pH = 2.9, adsorbent dose = 1.6 g/L, contact time = 75 min, T = 298 K and C 0 = 80 mg/L) when initial chromium concentration of 80 mg/L is employed. The chromium adsorption on NP was described by the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum chromium adsorption capacity was found as 35 mg/g. Kinetics data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic studies proved that the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous

Synthesis and characterization of clay-based ultrafiltration membranes supported on natural zeolite for removal of heavy metals from wastewater

International audienceHigh cost of high-purity materials is one of the major factors that limit the application of ceramic membranes. Consequently, focus has been shifted to using natural low cost materials such as clay, apatite as alternatives to well-known other metallic oxides like alumina, silica, zirconia and titania. As a contribution to this area, development and evaluation of new but low cost ultrafiltration (UF) ceramic membranes made from nanoparticles of smectite (previously prepared by sol-gel method) are presented in this article. The UF composite membranes were obtained via the Layer-by-Layer technique, and deposited on tubular microporous supports obtained from natural zeolite via the extrusion process. Four different membranes namely; Sm/Z4 (with four layers), Sm/Z5 (with five layers), Sm/Z6 (with six layers) and Sm/Z7 (with seven layers) were prepared. Morphological and textural properties of the membranes (sintered at 900 • C for 3 h) were determined by BET and SEM. The measured pore diameters (dp) of the membranes were in the following ranges: 3 nm-13 nm for Sm/Z4; 2 nm-11 nm for Sm/Z5; 3 nm-5 nm for Sm/Z6; and 14 nm-21 nm for Sm/Z7. Heavy metal removal efficiency of these membranes was evaluated using a home-made cross-flow UF pilot plant operated at a temperature of 25 • C with trans-membrane pressure (TMP) ranging from 3 bar to 7 bar. Pure water permeability of these membranes varied from 1218 L/h m 2 bar for the ordinary zeolite support (before layer deposition) to 73 L/h m 2 bar; 65 L/h m 2 bar; 59 L/h m 2 bar and 95 L/h m 2 bar for Sm/Z4, Sm/Z5, Sm/Z6 and Sm/Z7, respectively. During the treatment of wastewater (containing heavy metals) obtained from electroplating industry using these membranes, a significant decrease in turbidity ( 96%. In addition, the Sm/Z6 membrane displayed heavy metal removal efficiency of >89% for chromium. The overall data suggest that the developed and tested nanocomposite membranes have potential for remediation of industrial effluents contaminated by heavy metals

Development of Ultrafiltration Kaolin Membranes over Sand and Zeolite Supports for the Treatment of Electroplating Wastewater

International audienceA high cost of high-purity materials is one of the major factors that limit the application of ceramic membranes. Consequently, the focus was shifted to using natural and abundant low-cost materials such as zeolite, clay, sand, etc. as alternatives to well-known pure metallic oxides, such as alumina, silica, zirconia and titania, which are usually used for ceramic membrane fabrication. As a contribution to this area, the development and characterization of new low-cost ultrafiltration (UF) membranes made from natural Tunisian kaolin are presented in this work. The asymmetric ceramic membranes were developed via layer-by-layer and slip-casting methods by direct coating on tubular supports previously prepared from sand and zeolite via the extrusion process. Referring to the results, it was found that the UF kaolin top layer is homogenous and exhibits good adhesion to different supports. In addition, the kaolin/sand and kaolin/zeolite membranes present an average pore diameter in the range of 4–17 nm and 28 nm, and water permeability of 491 L/h·m2·bar and 182 L/h·m2·bar, respectively. Both membranes were evaluated in their treatment of electroplating wastewater. This was done by removing oil and heavy metals using a homemade crossflow UF pilot plant operated at a temperature of 60 °C to reduce the viscosity of the effluent, and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 1 and 3 bar for kaolin/sand and kaolin/zeolite, respectively. Under these conditions, our membranes exhibit high permeability in the range of 306–336 L/h·m2·bar, an almost total oil and lead retention, a retention up to 96% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 96% for copper and 94% for zinc. The overall data suggest that the developed kaolin membranes have the potential for remediation of oily industrial effluents contaminated by oil and heavy metals

Statistical Simulation, a Tool for the Process Optimization of Oily Wastewater by Crossflow Ultrafiltration

This work aims to determine the optimized ultrafiltration conditions for industrial wastewater treatment loaded with oil and heavy metals generated from an electroplating industry for water reuse in the industrial process. A ceramic multitubular membrane was used for the almost total retention of oil and turbidity, and the high removal of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cu (>95%) was also applied. The interactive effects of the initial oil concentration (19–117 g/L), feed temperature (20–60 °C), and applied transmembrane pressure (2–5 bar) on the chemical oxygen demand removal (RCOD) and permeate flux (Jw) were investigated. A Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) for response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the statistical analysis, modelling, and optimization of operating conditions. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the COD removal and permeate flux were significant since they showed good correlation coefficients of 0.985 and 0.901, respectively. Mathematical modelling revealed that the best conditions were an initial oil concentration of 117 g/L and a feed temperature of 60 °C, under a transmembrane pressure of 3.5 bar. In addition, the effect of the concentration under the optimized conditions was studied. It was found that the maximum volume concentrating factor (VCF) value was equal to five and that the pollutant retention was independent of the VCF. The fouling mechanism was estimated by applying Hermia’s model. The results indicated that the membrane fouling given by the decline in the permeate flux over time could be described by the cake filtration model. Finally, the efficiency of the membrane regeneration was proved by determining the water permeability after the chemical cleaning process

Performance studies of indigo dye removal using TiO2 modified clay and zeolite ultrafiltration membrane hybrid system

International audienceDyes contamination causes serious damages to aquatic life and human health. With the increase in these persistent organic contaminants accumulation around the world, performant environmentally friendly and low-cost materials and techniques are required to protect the ecosystem and humans. In this study, the efficacy of titania-smectite nanocomposites (Sm-TiO2 NCs) at removing indigo blue (IB) dye was assessed by both batch adsorption and hybrid treatment combining adsorption and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. During the adsorption, the effect of different parameters on IB removal such as dose of Sm-TiO2, contact time, pH and IB concentration were studied. The optimal conditions were applied for the Sm-TiO2 during dye removal using adsorption/UF hybrid treatment. At 293 K and pH 2.5, an optimized dose of Sm-TiO2 (100 mg/L) removed 73% of the IB from a 25 mg/L solution in 240 min with an equilibrium adsorption capacity greater than 180 mg/g. The adsorption of IB dye by Sm-TiO2 NCs followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. When a hybrid process was applied, a higher IB removal capacity has been obtained with a lower dose of Sm-TiO2 compared to the case of the batch adsorption process. In addition, the presence of Sm-TiO2 NCs has been found to reduce the UF membrane fouling. In this case, the adsorption followed by UF treatment applied in two stages was modified to a single-stage hybrid process. Permeate flux was increased from 71 L/h m 2 (only UF) to 182 L/h m 2 (Sm-TiO2 /UF)