Folded waveguide resonator filter for communication and radar systems

In this thesis, a primary investigation into developing a compact and low-loss bandpass filter, using novel folded waveguide resonators with a footprint reduction, has been addressed. A slot coupling between adjacent resonators is introduced, which is characterized by using full-wave EM simulations and verified experimentally. Two designs of 2-pole folded waveguide resonator filters of this type have been considered, fabricated and tested. In this thesis, an even more compact FWG resonator filter using a novel slot technique is reported. The attainable size reduction is about 50%, and the filter design is based on theoretical and full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Based on FWG structure, two types of folded waveguide resonators have been studied and considered the half-wavelength resonator and the quarter-wavelength resonator. Moreover, both structures for the realization of microwave cavities with high-Q, with the result of a high spurious free range and reduced footprint, have been evaluated. Furthermore, a novel folded waveguide resonator with about a 75 % reduction of the volume from the conventional size has been described. For comparison, two types of folded waveguide resonators have been studied, i.e. the quarter-wavelength resonator of square shape and the newly proposed triangular shape. In addition, a demonstration of a filter application for miniature triangular folded waveguide resonators has been designed and simulated using an EM simulator. In addition, numbers of experiments have been conducted to develop cavity FWG and Substrate Integrated folded waveguide SIFW resonator filters using a folded structure, which is the main aim of this thesis. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the simulation and implementation for many designs and topologies of FWG and SIFW resonator filters and their frequency response. Simulation and experimental results were presented to validate the design and to show the advantages of these types of filters. In addition, a new type of filter with a compact multi-layer structure and low loss is attractive for implementation with advanced device technologies, such as micromachining, LTCC and LCP technologies

Folded waveguide resonator filter for communication and radar systems

In this thesis, a primary investigation into developing a compact and low-loss bandpass filter, using novel folded waveguide resonators with a footprint reduction, has been addressed. A slot coupling between adjacent resonators is introduced, which is characterized by using full-wave EM simulations and verified experimentally. Two designs of 2-pole folded waveguide resonator filters of this type have been considered, fabricated and tested. In this thesis, an even more compact FWG resonator filter using a novel slot technique is reported. The attainable size reduction is about 50%, and the filter design is based on theoretical and full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Based on FWG structure, two types of folded waveguide resonators have been studied and considered the half-wavelength resonator and the quarter-wavelength resonator. Moreover, both structures for the realization of microwave cavities with high-Q, with the result of a high spurious free range and reduced footprint, have been evaluated. Furthermore, a novel folded waveguide resonator with about a 75 % reduction of the volume from the conventional size has been described. For comparison, two types of folded waveguide resonators have been studied, i.e. the quarter-wavelength resonator of square shape and the newly proposed triangular shape. In addition, a demonstration of a filter application for miniature triangular folded waveguide resonators has been designed and simulated using an EM simulator. In addition, numbers of experiments have been conducted to develop cavity FWG and Substrate Integrated folded waveguide SIFW resonator filters using a folded structure, which is the main aim of this thesis. Furthermore, this thesis deals with the simulation and implementation for many designs and topologies of FWG and SIFW resonator filters and their frequency response. Simulation and experimental results were presented to validate the design and to show the advantages of these types of filters. In addition, a new type of filter with a compact multi-layer structure and low loss is attractive for implementation with advanced device technologies, such as micromachining, LTCC and LCP technologies.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Potential of solid dispersions to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs: newer formulation techniques, current marketed scenario and patents

In the last few decades, solid dispersion (SD) technology had been studied as an approach to produce an amorphous carrier to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The use of suitable carrier and methodology in the preparation of SDs play a significant role in the biological behavior of the SDs. SDs have been prepared using a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable polymers utilizing various novel technologies. In the recent years, much attention has been paid toward the use of novel carriers and methodologies in exploring novel types of SDs to enhance therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. The use of novel carriers and methodologies would be very beneficial for formulation scientists to develop some SDs-based formulations for their commercial use and clinical applications. In the present review, current literature of novel methodologies for SD preparation to enhance the dissolution rate, solubility, therapeutic efficacy, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs has been summarized and analyzed. Further, the current status of SDs, patent status, and future prospects have also been discussed

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Combating High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of science and engineering that focuses on the computational understanding of intelligent behavior. Many human professions, including clinical diagnosis and prognosis, are greatly useful from AI. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most critical challenges facing Pakistan and the rest of the world. The rising incidence of AMR has become a significant issue, and authorities must take measures to combat the overuse and incorrect use of antibiotics in order to combat rising resistance rates. The widespread use of antibiotics in clinical practice has not only resulted in drug resistance but has also increased the threat of super-resistant bacteria emergence. As AMR rises, clinicians find it more difficult to treat many bacterial infections in a timely manner, and therapy becomes prohibitively costly for patients. To combat the rise in AMR rates, it is critical to implement an institutional antibiotic stewardship program that monitors correct antibiotic use, controls antibiotics, and generates antibiograms. Furthermore, these types of tools may aid in the treatment of patients in the event of a medical emergency in which a physician is unable to wait for bacterial culture results. AI’s applications in healthcare might be unlimited, reducing the time it takes to discover new antimicrobial drugs, improving diagnostic and treatment accuracy, and lowering expenses at the same time. The majority of suggested AI solutions for AMR are meant to supplement rather than replace a doctor’s prescription or opinion, but rather to serve as a valuable tool for making their work easier. When it comes to infectious diseases, AI has the potential to be a game-changer in the battle against antibiotic resistance. Finally, when selecting antibiotic therapy for infections, data from local antibiotic stewardship programs are critical to ensuring that these bacteria are treated quickly and effectively. Furthermore, organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) have underlined the necessity of selecting the appropriate antibiotic and treating for the shortest time feasible to minimize the spread of resistant and invasive resistant bacterial strains