Formulation and evaluation of antimicrobial gel of cow urine distillate

In India, medicines based on herbal origin have been the basis of treatment and cure for various diseases. The Indian Cow, Bos indicus, is a most veneered and valuable animal in religious scriptures. Cow urine has found therapeutic applications since days of yore. Cow urine based preparations have powerful antimicrobial, antiviral, anti allergic, and antioxidant activity. So the current research is mainly centered on the exploration of the antimicrobial powers of cow urine and incorporation of cow urine into gel formulation. The gels were prepared by using carbopol 940, propylene glycol, glycerin, triethanolamine, distilled water along with cow urine distillate and Azadirachta indica extract. The prepared gels were evaluated for physical appearance, spreadability, pH, Homogeneity and viscosity. The present study analyzes the antibacterial and antifungal activity of Cow Urine Distillate against the clinical pathogenic microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphalococcus aureus. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in Bacillus subtilis than Staphalococcus aureus. Antifungal activity of cow urine distillate was analysed against Aspergillus niger. The result revealed optimum characteristics features of gel formulation and confirm antimicrobial potential of prepared gel

SOLID DISPERSION: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS

Objective: Out of newly discovered drugs more than 40% pharmacologically active molecule having poor solubility. This is one of the serious challenge in the pharmaceutical industry and commercialization of the drug. Methods: With the introduction of new manufacturing technologies such as solid dispersion pH modification, SEED, salt formation, co crystallization. Results: it should be possible to overcome problems. Potential of solid dispersion technology has been well established for hydrophobic agents because of ease of optimization, simplicity and easy scale up. Conclusion: This article begins with an overview of the historical background and definition and importance of solubility and solid dispersion. The remainder of the article is devoted to the production, the different carriers and the methods used for the characterization of solid dispersions

The scope and limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy in the diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea

Laparoscopically directed ovarian biopsy has been evaluated in 39 cases of secondary amenorrhea. The definite diagnosis was achieved in 29 cases. In 10 cases, ovarian histopathology alone was insufficient, and the estimations of gonadotropins were essential for the final diagnosis. The scope and limitations of this procedure for the differential diagnosis of premature ovarian failure and hypothalamic-pituitary lesions are discussed

The inhibitory effect of the cowhage plant-Mucuna pruriens- and L-dopa on chlorpromazine-induced hyperprolactinaemia in man

This article does not have an abstract

Premature ovarian failure

Twelve cases of premature ovarian failure (POF) are described. The clinical, hormonal, histopathologic and cytogenetic studies of each patient have been presented. The scope and the limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy are discussed, as is the importance of radioimmunoassay of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones (FSH/LH) in comparison to ovarian biopsy for the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. A plea is made for the early diagnosis of POF so that these young women can be spared the expensive and time-consuming treatment for the associated problem of infertility. PIP: The clinical, hormonal, cytogenetic, and ovarian histopathologic findings in 12 cases of premature ovarian failure are described. The scope and limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy are discussed, as is the importance of radioimmunoassay of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones in comparison to ovarian biopsy for the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. It is concluded that serum gonadotropin estimations and laparoscopic ovarian biopsies are complementary tools for the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure, and that 1 cannot replace the other for a final diagnosis. However, when facilities for radioimmunoassay for gonadotropins are not available, laparoscopic examination of ovaries and ovarian biopsies can alert the gynecologist to the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. In the absence of a clinical response to clomid, the diagnosis could be confirmed. Early diagnosis can prevent the expense and time-consuming treatment for the associated problem of infertility

Normalization of visual fields following bromocriptine treatment in hyperprolactinemic patients with visual field constriction

Two patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea and bilateral visual field defects were studied. Routine radiologic examination of each patient revealed a normal sella turcica and no demineralization of the posterior clinoid process. Serum prolactin levels were elevated (patient V. G., 80 ng/ml; patient S. R., 204 ng/ml). Within 2 months of bromocriptine therapy, the serum prolactin levels were normal (patient V. G., 12.21 ng/ml; patient S. R., 8.25 ng/ml) and the bilateral visual field defects were corrected. Bromocriptine has been shown to control prolactin secretion in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. Normalization of restricted visual fields following bromocriptine therapy indicates the possibility of an anatomical regression of pituitary hyperplasia or an underlying prolactin-producing microadenoma. It is speculated that the modality of functional galactorrhea reflects hyperplasia of the lactotrophs preceding a nodular and ultimately an adenomatous change. The continuous and prolonged administration of bromocriptine may prevent such a progressive sequence. Further experience is required to validate this possibility