Foreword

The impact of international law has reached past foreign policy and has now extended into every part of U.S. government. Our last issue emphasized the increasing importance of globalization on domestic issues such as national elections. In the past decade, international laws have had a practical effect upon the interpretation of United States domestic law. Influential jurists such as former Justice Sandra Day O\u27Connor have expressed that with time [the judiciary] will rely increasingly on international and foreign law in resolving what now appear to be domestic issues, as we both appreciate more fully the ways in which domestic issues have international dimension, and recognize the rich resources available to us in the decisions of foreign courts

Foreword

The articles appearing in Volume 8 of the San Diego International Law Journal seek to offer insight and understanding into the international community. The first two articles examine the complexities involved in litigating international causes of action. Philip Moreman assesses the use of private rights of action before an international forum to enforce international laws. The article compares private rights of action with regulatory enforcement mechanisms to evaluate the respective costs and benefits. Yann-Huei Song examines the prospect of judicial intervention in fishery disputes involving fishing entities in Taiwan. The issue is complex because Taiwan is a not a member of the UN and is therefore not a contracting party to the ICJ statutes. The article analyzes international conventions, statutes and case law to uncover the jurisdictional element of such disputes. Volume 8 also includes other progressive and thought-provoking articles addressing international issues in a variety of legal contexts. Samuel Levine explores the common elements of two successful intellectual movements: The Brisker Method, which is the leading method of theoretical study of Jewish law, and Richard Posner\u27s law and economics theory. Timm Neu looks into the possibility of film co-production between India\u27s emerging Bollywood and the established film industries of the United States and Germany, exploring the potential economic benefits as well as legal pitfalls created by such an international venture. Also in this issue, Marguerite Middaugh examines the impact of climate change on the Inuit people, discussing the applicable international law and assessing the attitude and actions of the U.S. government with respect to this human rights issue. Victor White analyzes whether provisions of the REAL ID, an act Congress passed in 2005 which restricts asylum eligibility and limits judicial review of deportation orders, violates due process as well as international obligations to asylum seekers. Finally, Brandon Ketterman scrutinizes Canada\u27s experience with the value added tax

Mass Spectrometry Based Analysis of Protein N-Glycosylation in Biomarker Discovery and Gene Therapy with the Study Models-Hemophilia A Inhibitor Development and rAAV

Protein glycosylation is one of the critical post-translational modifications (PTMs) and practically engaged with a wide range of physiological and biological processes. Glycosylation is the most dynamic post-translational modification and an individual\u27s glycome changes overcome the genetic factors and get affected by environmental factors which eventually reflect his lifestyle, physiological conditions and wellbeing. The flow study, we attempted to add this information to comprehend the glycoprotein biomarker identified with inhibitor advancement and connected the glycosylation related changes to the biochemical pathway of inhibitor development against rFVIII in HA population. We performed the study with mice and human models. Plasma and IgG N-glycome examination is one of the important methodologies to identify the biomarker related to numerous conditions. The N-glycome pattern also varies in response to the treatment. The treatment-related modifications also reaffirm the observations noted in the progression of the disease. Similarly, the glycosylation can be a useful strategy to modify the protein-based drugs to enhance its mode of action. The variant of AAV can be a potential capsid engineering technique to alter the tropism and improve the gene delivery range of host cell range for engineering a better gene delivery system. The small amount of and glycan variants are difficult to detect in a complex biological mixture, which may require various enrichment strategies, and sample preparations help to enhance the detection sensitivity in mass spectrometry. Due to the with the development of state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) technology, we tried to identify N-glycan biomarkers related to inhibitor development in HA. Also, we decided to study the response of the patient after emicizumab. Additionally, we identified N-glycosylation in rAAV-8, which can be a potential direction for future capsid engineering

Typification of ten taxa in the genus Actinodaphne Nees (Lauraceae) in India

Recent studies on the Indian genus Actinodaphne revealed that several names need typification. From the available syntypes, we designate lectotypes here for each of the following names: A. bourdillonii, A. campanulata, A. campanualata var. obtusa, A. hookeri, A. hookeri var. glabrata, A. hookeri var. longifolia, A. lawsonii, A. madraspatana, A. salicina and A. tadulingamii

The Rb binding domain of HPV31 E7 is required to maintain high levels of DNA repair factors in infected cells

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) exhibit constitutive activation of ATM and ATR DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, which are required for productive viral replication. Expression of HPV31 E7 alone is sufficient to activate the DDR through an unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate that the E7 Rb binding domain is required to increase levels of many DDR proteins, including ATM, Chk2, Chk1, the MRN components MRE11, Rad50, and NBS1, as well as the homologous recombination repair proteins BRCA1 and Rad51. Interestingly, we have found that the increase in these DNA repair proteins does not occur solely at the level of transcription, but that E7 broadly increases the half-life of these DDR factors, a phenotype that is lost in the E7 Rb binding mutant. These data suggest that HPV-31 upregulates DNA repair factors necessary for replication by increasing protein half-life in a manner requiring the E7 Rb binding domain

HPV31 utilizes the ATR-Chk1 pathway to maintain elevated RRM2 levels and a replication-competent environment in differentiating Keratinocytes

Productive replication of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is restricted to the uppermost layers of the differentiating epithelia. How HPV ensures an adequate supply of cellular substrates for viral DNA synthesis in a differentiating environment is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that HPV31 positive cells exhibit increased dNTP pools and levels of RRM2, a component of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) complex, which is required for de novo synthesis of dNTPs. RRM2 depletion blocks productive replication, suggesting RRM2 provides dNTPs for viral DNA synthesis in differentiating cells. We demonstrate that HPV31 regulates RRM2 levels through expression of E7 and activation of the ATR-Chk1-E2F1 DNA damage response, which is essential to combat replication stress upon entry into S-phase, as well as for productive replication. Our findings suggest a novel way in which viral DNA synthesis is regulated through activation of ATR and Chk1 and highlight an intriguing new virus/host interaction utilized for viral replication

A multi-energy system optimisation software for advance process control using hypernetworks and a micro-service architecture

This paper describes a multi-energy system optimisation software, “Sustainable Energy Management System” (SEMS), developed as part of a Siemens, Greater London Authority and Royal Borough of Greenwich partnership in collaboration with the University of Nottingham, Nottingham Trent University and Imperial College London. The software was developed for application at a social housing estate in Greenwich, London, as part of the Borough’s efforts to retrofit the energy systems and building fabric of its housing stock. Its purpose is to balance energy across vectors and networks through day-ahead forecasting and optimisations that can be interpreted as control outputs for energy plant such as a water source heat pump, district heating pumps and values, power switchgear, gas boilers, a thermal store, electric vehicle chargers and a photovoltaic array. The optimisation objectives are to minimise greenhouse gas emissions and operational cost. The tool uses Hypernetwork Theory based orchestration coupled with a microservice architecture. The distributed nature of the design ensures flexibility and scalability. Currently, microservices have been programmed to forecast domestic heating demand, domestic electricity demand, electric vehicle demand, solar photovoltaic generation, ground temperature, and to run a day-ahead energy balance optimisation. This paper presents the results from both domestic heat and electricity demand forecasting, as well as the overall design and integration of the software with a physical system. The works build on that of O’Dwyer, et al. (2020) who developed a preliminary energy management software and digital twin. Their work acts as a foundation for this real-world commercialisation-ready program that integrates with physical assets

Role of small polymers in large polymers induced red blood cell adhesion

The adhesion of human red blood cells (RBC) to other cells and to surfaces has been of great interest because abnormal adhesiveness of RBC have been linked to the pathophysiology of various diseases associated with vascular disorders. This present study was undertaken to specifically study the effects of small polymers in the RBC adhesion induced by larger polymers. The effects of the coupling of nonadsorbing large and small polymers on the adhesion of RBC to albumin-coated glass was investigated using interference reflection microscopy. Role of small polymers in large polymers induced red blood cell adhesion.Bachelor of Engineering (Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

A new variety of Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees (Lauraceae) from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India

A new variety from the Western Ghats of Kerala, Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees var. malabarica var. nov. is described and illustrated. It chiefly differs from its most morphologically similar taxon A. semecarpifolia Nees var. angustifolia Meisn., in having thickly coriaceous, considerably smaller leaves and entire margin; ferruginous tomentose apical bud; sparsely puberulent inflorescence; 2-loculed third whorl of stamens; glabrous, greenish fruit pedicel

UAV Formation Preservation for Target Tracking Applications

This paper presents a collaborative target tracking application with multiple agents and a formulation of an agent-formation problem with desired inter-agent distances and specified bounds. We propose a barrier Lyapunov function-based distributed control law to preserve the formation for target-tracking and assess its stability using a kinematic model. Numerical results with this model are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed control over a quadratic Lyapunov function-based control. A concluding evaluation using experimental ROS simulations is presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed control approach to a multi-rotor system and a target executing straight line and circular motion