Elastic characteristics of hand-tufted carpets under compressive load

This paper reports the study on dynamic-mechanical properties of nine hand-tufted cut pile carpet samples (80/20wool/nylon blended pile yarn) with different structural parameters. The influence of two structural parameters, viz. carpetpile density and pile height on the carpet pile deformation properties has been studied. Carpet samples are tested forcompression and thickness recovery, considering pressure ranging from 2 kPa to 200 kPa. The findings are statisticallyanalyzed using general linear model through regression analysis. It is observed that both these structural parameters have asignificant influence on compression and recovery properties of selected carpet samples

Performance of wool-nylon cut pile carpets in relation to their structural parameters

182-185The change in performance parameters of hand-tufted cut-pile carpets has been studied with respect to variation in their constructional parameters. Carpet samples are prepared from 80/20 wool-nylon blended pile yarn by varying pile density and pile height. The influence on deformation, abrasion and tuft withdrawal force properties has been investigated. Carpet samples are evaluated for compression, abrasion and tuft withdrawal force. The experimental results are statistically analyzed using general linear model through regression analysis and analysis of variance. From the statistical analysis of test results, it has been established that the carpet structural parameters, such as pile height and pile density, have a significant influence on thickness loss, recovery under compression and durability properties of hand-tufted carpets

Performance of wool-nylon cut pile carpets in relation to their structural parameters

The change in performance parameters of hand-tufted cut-pile carpets has been studied with respect to variation in their constructional parameters. Carpet samples are prepared from 80/20 wool-nylon blended pile yarn by varying pile density and pile height. The influence on deformation, abrasion and tuft withdrawal force properties has been investigated. Carpet samples are evaluated for compression, abrasion and tuft withdrawal force. The experimental results are statistically analyzed using general linear model through regression analysis and analysis of variance. From the statistical analysis of test results, it has been established that the carpet structural parameters, such as pile height and pile density, have a significant influence on thickness loss, recovery under compression and durability properties of hand-tufted carpets

Design, implementation, and evaluation of parallell pipelined STAP on parallel computers

Performance results are presented for the design and implementation of parallel pipelined space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms on parallel computers. In particular, the issues involved in parallelization, our approach to parallelization, and performance results on an Intel Paragon are described. The process of developing software for such an application on parallel computers when latency and throughput are both considered together is discussed and tradeoffs considered with respect to inter and intratask communication and data redistribution are presented. The results show that not only scalable performance was achieved for individual component tasks of STAP but linear speedups were obtained for the integrated task performance, both for latency as well as throughput. Results are presented for up to 236 compute nodes (limited by the machine size available to us). Another interesting observation made from the implementation results is that performance improvement due to the assignment of additional processors to one task can improve the performance of other tasks without any increase in the number of processors assigned to them. Normally, this cannot be predicted by theoretical analysis

Efforts and strategies for alleviation of drought tolerance in chickpea in India

Among the various cool season pulses grown in India, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) occupies an important position in rainfed agriculture. Chickpea is largely grown (>67% area) on conserved/ residual moisture, contributing about 45% to the total pulses production in India. Being a rainfed crop, it often faces terminal drought stress. When chickpea sowing is delayed in fields vacated by paddy in the presence of terminal heat, soil moisture stress further limits its productivity. This necessitates the adoption of suitable strategies to alleviate per se drought tolerance in chickpea. Two main strategies, integrated breeding and transgenic technology, have been adopted for developing drought-tolerant varieties. The third potential strategy is utilization of nanotechnology, which has not been tried under Indian NARES. Systematic breeding efforts resulted in development of varieties having per se drought tolerance (RSG 44, Vijay, RSG 888, JG 74, Pusa 2024), and escape (JG 11, JG 16, JSC 56, IPC 2006-77 etc.) exploiting earliness. QTLs responsible for drought tolerance have been identified in chickpea genotype ICC 4958, which have been transferred, and drought-tolerant elite breeding lines have been developed. MAGIC and NAM populations combining drought and heat tolerance are now becoming available for identification of elite breeding lines having combined tolerance to both stresses for their possible release. Exploitation of transgenic technology using DREB gene has also shown promise. The use of nano-particles in enhancing root development and growth vigour in chickpea has opened the doors for exploitation of nanotechnology for alleviation of per se drought tolerance

Elastic characteristics of hand-tufted carpets under compressive load

51-55This paper reports the study on dynamic-mechanical properties of nine hand-tufted cut pile carpet samples (80/20 wool/nylon blended pile yarn) with different structural parameters. The influence of two structural parameters, viz. carpet pile density and pile height on the carpet pile deformation properties has been studied. Carpet samples are tested for compression and thickness recovery, considering pressure ranging from 2 kPa to 200 kPa. The findings are statistically analyzed using general linear model through regression analysis. It is observed that both these structural parameters have a significant influence on compression and recovery properties of selected carpet samples

Do environmentally induced DNA variations mediate adaptation in Aspergillus flavus exposed to chromium stress in tannery sludge?

Abstract Background Environmental stress induced genetic polymorphisms have been suggested to arbitrate functional modifications influencing adaptations in microbes. The relationship between the genetic processes and concomitant functional adaptation can now be investigated at a genomic scale with the help of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Using a NGS approach we identified genetic variations putatively underlying chromium tolerance in a strain of Aspergillus flavus isolated from a tannery sludge. Correlation of nsSNPs in the candidate genes (n = 493) were investigated for their influence on protein structure and possible function. Whole genome sequencing of chromium tolerant A. flavus strain (TERIBR1) was done (Illumina HiSeq2000). The alignment of quality trimmed data of TERIBR1 with reference NRRL3357 (accession number EQ963472) strain was performed using Bowtie2 version 2.2.8. SNP with a minimum read depth of 5 and not in vicinity (10 bp) of INDEL were filtered. Candidate genes conferring chromium resistance were selected and SNPs were identified. Protein structure modeling and interpretation for protein-ligand (CrO4 − 2) docking for selected proteins harbouring non-synonymous substitutions were done using Phyre2 and PatchDock programs. Results High rate of nsSNPs (approximately 11/kb) occurred in selected candidate genes for chromium tolerance. Of the 16 candidate genes selected for studying effect of nsSNPs on protein structure and protein-ligand interaction, four proteins belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) and recG protein families showed significant interaction with chromium ion only in the chromium tolerant A. flavus strain TERIBR1. Conclusions Presence of nsSNPs and subsequent amino-acid alterations evidently influenced the 3D structures of the candidate proteins, which could have led to improved interaction with (CrO4 − 2) ion. Such structural modifications might have enhanced chromium efflux efficiency of A. flavus (TERIBR1) and thereby offered the adaptation benefits in counteracting chromate stress. Our findings are of fundamental importance to the field of heavy-metal bio-remediation

Phylogenetic analyses reveal molecular signatures associated with functional divergence among Subtilisin like Serine Proteases are linked to lifestyle transitions in Hypocreales

Background: Subtilisin-like serine proteases or Subtilases in fungi are important for penetration and colonization of host. In Hypocreales, these proteins share several properties with other fungal, bacterial, plant and mammalian homologs. However, adoption of specific roles in entomopathogenesis may be governed by attainment of unique biochemical and structural features during the evolutionary course. Due to such functional shifts Subtilases coded by different family members of Hypocreales acquire distinct features according to respective hosts and lifestyle. We conducted phylogenetic and DIVERGE analyses and identified important protein residues that putatively assign functional specificity to Subtilases in fungal families/species under the order Hypocreales. Results: A total of 161 Subtilases coded by 10 species from five different families under the fungal order Hypocreales was included in the analysis. Based on the presence of conserved domains, the Subtilase genes were divided into three subfamilies, Subtilisin (S08.005), Proteinase K (S08.054) and Serine-carboxyl peptidases (S53.001). These subfamilies were investigated for phylogenetic associations, protein residues under positive selection and functional divergence among paralogous clades. The observations were co-related with the life-styles of the fungal families/species. Phylogenetic and Divergence analyses of Subtilisin (S08.005) and Proteinase K (S08.054) families of proteins revealed that the paralogous clades were clear-cut representation of familial origin of the protein sequences. We observed divergence between the paralogous clades of plant-pathogenic fungi (Nectriaceae), insect-pathogenic fungi (Cordycipitaceae/Clavicipitaceae) and nematophagous fungi (Ophiocordycipitaceae). In addition, Subtilase genes from the nematode-parasitic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum made a unique cluster which putatively indicated that the fungus might have developed distinctive mechanisms for nematode-pathogenesis. Our evolutionary genetics analysis revealed evidence of positive selection on the Subtilisin (S08.005) and Proteinase K (S08.054) protein sequences of the entomopathogenic and nematophagous species belonging to Cordycipitaceae, Clavicipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae families of Hypocreales. Conclusions: Our study provided new insights into the evolution of Subtilisin like serine proteases in Hypocreales, a fungal order largely consisting of biological control species. Subtilisin (S08.005) and Proteinase K (S08.054) proteins seemed to play important roles during life style modifications among different families and species of Hypocreales. Protein residues found significant in functional divergence analysis in the present study may provide support for protein engineering in future