Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. Clinical case

Surgical ciliated cyst is uncommon in Western countries but frequently reported in Asian populations as a delayed complication of surgery, with inclusion in the bone of nasal or sinus mucosa. Isolated cases have also been reported in the mandible after orthognathic surgery. We report a case in the maxillary region three years after radical sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. Intraoral examination revealed a small painless tumefaction with no color change in the surrounding tissues. Computed tomography demonstrated a well-defined intraosseous lesion lateral to the maxillary sinus. The lesion was completely excised, when histology demonstrated a pseudostratified ciliated epithelial lining. Differential diagnosis from other lesions such as an odontogenic keratocyst or inflammatory cyst were also made. This case report,uncommon in Western countries, of a surgical ciliated cyst illustrates the need for a meticulous surgical technique, proper management of complications, and routine, long-term follow-up of patients undergoing any type of sinus surgery

León (Spain) Health professionals’ knowledge and clinical practice towards the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and periodontal disease

Cardiovascular pathologies have a high prevalence in the geriatric population, with acute myocardial infarction being one of the main causes of death in Spain. These pathologies have a systemic inflammatory component that is of vital importance. We also know in dentistry that the main gingival pathogens are capable of generating a systemic inflammatory response, being indirectly involved in the development of the atherosclerotic lesion, assuming, therefore, that periodontal disease is a cardiovascular risk factor. The objective of this study is to determine the knowledge of health professionals who treat cardiovascular diseases about periodontal disease and its relationship with heart disease.A health survey was carried out on 100 Cardiologists, Internists and General Practitioners in the province of León. Points of interest in this survey: the professional’s own oral health, knowledge of the relationship between periodontal and heart disease and, lastly, the training received in medicine on oral health.60% of professionals reviewed their oral health annually and 20% randomly. 48% of health professionals were unaware of periodontal diseases, 77% claimed to have not received university training in this regard, only 13% of those surveyed acknowledged having received more than 10 hours of training on oral health in their experience and finally, 90% thought that training in both Medicine and Dentistry should be collaborative.The degree of knowledge of health professionals regarding oral health is poor (77%), therefore the number of collaborative consultations with dental professionals is low (<63%). Training projects targeting a correct preventive medicine are shown to be necessary

In vivo and macrophage response of graphene and its derivatives

The possible application in the biomedical field of reduced Graphene oxide (ErGO) on CoCr alloy has been studied. Biocompatibility tests were carried out on ErGO/CoCr alloy. The discrepancy of in vivo results found in the literature regarding the side effects of graphene led to perform an in vivo study with graphene. Biocompatibility tests of ErGO/CoCr were evaluated in J774A.1 mouse macrophages cultures. Mitochondrial activity (WST-1 assay) and plasma membrane damage (LDH assay) were measured to evaluate biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, respectively. The ratio of LDH/WST-1 activities was used as an index of biocompatibility as relates cell death and cell number, reaching a low value on ErGO/CoCr. Morphological analyses of macrophages cultures revealed different cell distribution and morphology on CoCr and ErGO/CoCr, after 48 h exposure. Optical microscopy and secondary electron microscopy images showed macrophages on the ErGO/CoCr well-distributed and conserved characteristic cell shape. These results show an improvement in the CoCr biocompatibility due to ErGO films. In vivo tests of graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets were carried out by intraperitoneal inoculation in rats to evaluate possible changes in the blood line and organs after 15 and 30 days. Optical microscopy of liver, kidney, spleen or lung, revealed no visible histological alterations. However, traces of particles were found in the peritoneal cavity. The blood analysis showed alterations indicative of the hepatic inflammatory process. Haematological changes after 30 days consisted of alterations of the red series as microcytosis with a higher concentration of mean haemoglobin. In addition, alteration in prothrombin and thromboplastin caused a longer coagulation time.The authors acknowledge the financial support from MAT2015-67750-C3

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide on CoCr biomedical alloy: Characterization, macrophage biocompatibility and hemocompatibility in rats with graphene and graphene oxide

Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) films on a biomedical grade CoCr alloy have been generated and characterized in order to study their possible application for use on joint prostheses. The electrodeposition process was performed by cyclic voltammetry. The characterization of the ErGO films on CoCr alloys by XPS revealed sp2 bonding and the presence of C[dbnd]O and C[sbnd]O residual groups in the graphene network. Biocompatibility studies were performed with mouse macrophages J774A.1 cell cultures measured by the ratio between lactate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial activities. An enhancement in the biocompatibility of the CoCr with the ErGO films was obtained, a result that became more evident as exposure time increased. Macrophages on the CoCr with the ErGO were well-distributed and conserved the characteristic cell shape. In addition, vimentin expression was unaltered in comparison with the control, results that indicated an improvement in the CoCr biocompatibility with the ErGO on the material surface. The in vivo response of graphene and graphene oxide was assessed by intraperitoneal injection in wistar rats. Red blood cells are one of the primary interaction sites so hemocompatibility tests were carried out. Rats inoculated with graphene and graphene oxide showed red blood cells of smaller size with a high content in hemoglobin