Pattern of alcohol consumption among commercial road transport workers in a semi-urban community in South Western Nigeria

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Depression and its association with psychological factors among adolescents living with HIV in Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract Objective The aim was to determine the prevalence of depressive disorder and associated psychological factors among adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. Methods One hundred and five adolescents with HIV were assessed for self-esteem, internalized HIV stigma and diagnosed of depressive disorder. Chi square and t tests were used to test associations and hierarchical logistic regression used to identify independent risk factors for depression. Results The mean age of participants was 16.5 (± 1.97) years and 55.2% were males. Mean stigma scores were significantly higher in those with depressive disorder (16.53 ± 3.85) when compared with those without (13.42 ± 3.464) and this difference was statistically significant (t = 3.17, p = 0.01). The mean self-esteem scores were significantly lower in participants with depressive disorder (17.53 ± 4.69) compared to those without depressive disorder (19.71 ± 3.86), though not significant (t = 1.96, p = 0.053). Depressive disorder was further significantly associated with female sex, being in romantic relationship, decline in work output due to HIV and HIV stigma. Independent risk factors were sex and HIV stigma. Conclusion Depressive disorder is common among adolescents living with HIV infection in Nigeria. The association between HIV stigma and depression, thus suggests the need for prevention strategies targeting the impacts of HIV infection among adolescents

Psychoactive Substance Use Among Psychiatric Outpatients In a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: Psychiatric and substance-use disorders are serious problems for the individuals who have them as well as the society as a whole. There is dearth of studies enumerating the estimates of psychoactive drug use among psychiatric outpatients in Nigeria.Aim: This study aimed at determining lifetime and current use prevalence of psychoactive substance among psychiatric outpatients.Methods: Subjects from the psychiatric clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex were consecutively recruited for the study. Information on sociodemographic variables and drug use was obtained and data was subject to descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Data from 130 subjects were analysed. The mean age was 39.95 years and 53.8% of subjects were males. Life time and current use prevalence of any substance were 45.4% and 22.3% respectively. Concerning specific psychoactive substance, Stimulant (26.9%) was highest in lifetime use while alcohol (13.1%) was highest in current use among respondents. Patients with Schizophrenia had the highest lifetime rate of any substance (15.4%) while patients with seizure, dementia and other disorders had the lowest rate (2.3%).Conclusion: Stimulants and alcohol were the substances more likely to be used by the mentally ill irrespective of their diagnostic category. These observations underscore the need to further study the important relationship between these psychoactive substances and these psychiatric disorders.Keywords: Psychoactive substance , psychiatry , outpatient