Degradabilidade ruminal das silagens e produtividade de cultivares de sorgo de tipo forrageiro e granífero

Forages for feeding dairy cows should conciliate the potential for high dry matter yield per unit area, maximizing animal stocking rate, with high nutritive value, which enables decreasing the amount of concentrate feedstuffs per milk unit produced. Eighteen sorghum cultivars were cultivated 0.70 m apart and with 12 plants per linear meter. Plants harvested at the milk-to-dough stage were ensiled in the laboratory. Eleven agronomic and chemical traits were evaluated. Silage samples were incubated in situ and the effective ruminal dry matter degradation (DEF) was calculated assuming a fractional passage rate of -0.04 h-1. Dry matter yield was 13.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± S.D.) t ha-1. The neutral detergent fiber content was 50.3 ± 3.8 and the DEF was 48.8 ± 2.8% (dry matter basis). The average sorghum DEF was 84% of the DEF of a composite sample of 60 corn hybrids simultaneously cultivated, ensiled and ruminally incubated. The 12 forage-type cultivars were taller, more productive, had higher fiber content and lower DEF than the 6 grain and dual purpose-type cultivars. The acid detergent fiber content had the greatest correlation with DEF (r= -0.64). The linear model correlating DEF with productivity was: DEF=54.694 - 0.4449 x t of dry matter ha-1 (r²=0.14). Although there are cultivars that show high productivity and digestibility, it seems to be difficult to conciliate the maximum nutritive value with the maximum productivity of the sorghum crop.Forrageiras para alimentação de vacas leiteiras devem conciliar a alta produção de matéria seca por área, maximizando a taxa de lotação animal, com o alto valor nutritivo, capaz de reduzir a necessidade de alimentos concentrados por litro de leite produzido. Dezoito cultivares de sorgo foram cultivados com espaçamento de 0,70 m e 12 plantas por metro linear. As plantas colhidas ao atingirem o estádio leitoso-pastoso foram ensiladas em laboratório. Onze características agronômicas e químicas foram avaliadas. As silagens foram incubadas in situ e a degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca no rúmen (DEF) foi calculada assumindo uma taxa de passagem de -0,04 h-1. A produção de matéria seca foi 13,0 ± 2,3 (média ± D.P.) t ha-1. O teor de fibra em detergente neutro foi 50,3 ± 3,8 e a DEF foi 48,8 ± 2,8 (% da matéria seca). A DEF média do sorgo foi 84% da DEF de uma amostra composta de 60 cultivares de milho simultaneamente cultivados, ensilados e incubados no rúmen. Os 12 cultivares do tipo forrageiro foram mais altos, produtivos e fibrosos e tiveram menor DEF que os 6 cultivares graníferos e de duplo propósito. O teor de fibra em detergente ácido foi a característica mais correlacionada à DEF (r=-0,64). O modelo linear correlacionando a DEF à produtividade foi: DEF=54,69 - 0,4449 x t de matéria seca ha-1 (r²=0,14). Apesar de existirem cultivares com alta produtividade e digestibilidade, pode ser difícil conciliar o máximo valor nutritivo com a máxima produtividade na planta de sorgo

Ruminal silage degradability and productivity of forage and grain-type sorghum cultivars

Forages for feeding dairy cows should conciliate the potential for high dry matter yield per unit area, maximizing animal stocking rate, with high nutritive value, which enables decreasing the amount of concentrate feedstuffs per milk unit produced. Eighteen sorghum cultivars were cultivated 0.70 m apart and with 12 plants per linear meter. Plants harvested at the milk-to-dough stage were ensiled in the laboratory. Eleven agronomic and chemical traits were evaluated. Silage samples were incubated in situ and the effective ruminal dry matter degradation (DEF) was calculated assuming a fractional passage rate of -0.04 h-1. Dry matter yield was 13.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± S.D.) t ha-1. The neutral detergent fiber content was 50.3 ± 3.8 and the DEF was 48.8 ± 2.8% (dry matter basis). The average sorghum DEF was 84% of the DEF of a composite sample of 60 corn hybrids simultaneously cultivated, ensiled and ruminally incubated. The 12 forage-type cultivars were taller, more productive, had higher fiber content and lower DEF than the 6 grain and dual purpose-type cultivars. The acid detergent fiber content had the greatest correlation with DEF (r= -0.64). The linear model correlating DEF with productivity was: DEF=54.694 - 0.4449 x t of dry matter ha-1 (r²=0.14). Although there are cultivars that show high productivity and digestibility, it seems to be difficult to conciliate the maximum nutritive value with the maximum productivity of the sorghum crop

Soil Efflux of Carbon Dioxide in Brazilian Cerrado Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Variable Soil Preparation and Irrigation

Soil turning during pre-seeding preparation is meant to loosen and promote physical characteristics responsible for the development of crop roots in soil. In this study, we demonstrate effects of three methods of pre-seeding preparation at two depths of irrigation on carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux as well as the temporal variability in the distribution of soil carbon. This experiment was conducted at the rural cooperative extension research station in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil, for two wheat production years in 2011 and 2012. The experimental design was randomized in strips, with four repetitions. Wheat was irrigated during the June to early October dry season. The treatments include two methods of soil preparation: traditional preparation with one plowing and two disc harrowings and minimal preparation with one seed bed conditioner pass. A third treatment of direct seeding was also evaluated. Soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature, air-filled soil porosity, and labile carbon were measured. We found soil preparation affects CO2 efflux in irrigated cultivation systems within Brazil’s Cerrado savannah, with conventional tillage having greater CO2 emissions than either reduced tillage or direct seeding. Soil CO2 emissions were lower at 508 mm versus 698 mm irrigation depth, but wheat yields were significantly lower

Soil Efflux of Carbon Dioxide in Brazilian Cerrado Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) under Variable Soil Preparation and Irrigation

Soil turning during pre-seeding preparation is meant to loosen and promote physical characteristics responsible for the development of crop roots in soil. In this study, we demonstrate effects of three methods of pre-seeding preparation at two depths of irrigation on carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux as well as the temporal variability in the distribution of soil carbon. This experiment was conducted at the rural cooperative extension research station in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil, for two wheat production years in 2011 and 2012. The experimental design was randomized in strips, with four repetitions. Wheat was irrigated during the June to early October dry season. The treatments include two methods of soil preparation: traditional preparation with one plowing and two disc harrowings and minimal preparation with one seed bed conditioner pass. A third treatment of direct seeding was also evaluated. Soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature, air-filled soil porosity, and labile carbon were measured. We found soil preparation affects CO2 efflux in irrigated cultivation systems within Brazil’s Cerrado savannah, with conventional tillage having greater CO2 emissions than either reduced tillage or direct seeding. Soil CO2 emissions were lower at 508 mm versus 698 mm irrigation depth, but wheat yields were significantly lower

Desempenho de novilhos nelore suplementados em pasto durante época das águas Performance of crossbreed nelore bullock grazing supplemented during the raining seazon

A procura por alimentos e derivados que não sejam utilizados na dieta humana ou na alimentação de animais monogástricos, juntamente com formas de suplementação, são aspectos importantes na busca de fontes alternativas para alimentação de ruminantes e redução no tempo de abate. Com este trabalho teve-se como objetivo avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de concentrado na engorda de novilhos nelore suplementados em pasto durante o período das águas. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Vitorinha, de propriedade da Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão/FAEPE, ligada à Universidade Federal de Lavras/UFLA, em Lavras, região sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, entre os meses de janeiro a maio de 2001. Foram utilizados 24 animais mestiços nelores, machos, inteiros, com idade média de 17 meses e peso vivo médio de 308,0 kg. Durante o período experimental, os animais foram alojados em uma pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens, com área de 11,2 ha, com disponibilidade média de 5400 kg MS/ha no início do período. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de níveis crescentes de concentrado, calculados como percentual do peso vivo: T1- 0%; T2- 0,15%; T3- 0,30%; T4- 0,45%. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados, com peso vivo inicial como fator de blocagem, sendo 6 blocos e 4 tratamentos, totalizando 24 parcelas experimentais. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o software estatístico SISVAR (Sistema de Análise de Variância de Dados Balanceados). Não houve diferença significativa para ganho de peso diário (P<0,05). Todavia, quando se considera a relação receita: despesa, a suplementação mostrou-se economicamente viável em função do ganho adicional conseguido pelo T4 (0,45% do PV).<br>The demand for foods and its derivates that would not be used in the human diet or in the monogastric animals diet in addition with supplement forms are important aspects in the search for alternative sources for ruminant nutrition and reduction in the slaughtered time. This work had as objective to evaluate growing levels of concentrate in the fattening of nelore bullock gazing supplemented during the raining seazon. The experiment was carried out in the Vitorinha farm, property of Fundação de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão - FAEPE, of the Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, in Lavras, South region of Minas Gerais State from January to May of 2001. It was used 24 nelore steers average with age of 17 months old and body weight average of 308,0 Kg. During the experimental period, the animals were kept in a pasture of Brachiaria decumbens of 11,2 ha with average production of 5,400Kg DM/ha in the beginning of the experimental period. The treatments were constituted of increasing levels of concentrate calculated as body weight percentage as follow: T1 - 0%; T2 - 0,15%; T3 - 0,300/o; T4 - 0,45%. lhe experiment was done in casualized blocks design using initial body weight as block factor, being 6 blocks and 4 treatments totalizing 24 experimental units. The data were analyzed using the statistic software SISVAR. (Variance Analysis System for Balanced Data). There was not significant difference in the body weight daily gain (P<0,05) therefore when considering the rate income:cost, supplementation shown itself economically viable in function of the additional gain obtained

Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016-2018

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-05-02T11:21:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeVS_Abreu_RicardoLOliveira_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2702570 bytes, checksum: bd3c61c9aca178ef21e167e4a3668cbb (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-05-02T11:39:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeVS_Abreu_RicardoLOliveira_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2702570 bytes, checksum: bd3c61c9aca178ef21e167e4a3668cbb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-02T11:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FilipeVS_Abreu_RicardoLOliveira_etal_IOC_2019.pdf: 2702570 bytes, checksum: bd3c61c9aca178ef21e167e4a3668cbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais. Salinas, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.MIVEGEC Laboratory. IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Gerência de Estudos e Pesquisas em Antropozoonoses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Subsecretaria de Vigilância e Proteção à Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Espírito Santo. Núcleo Especial de Vigilância Ambiental. Vitória, ES, Brasil.Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Vitória, ES, Brasil.MIVEGEC Laboratory. IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.Institut Pasteur. Arboviruses and Insect Vectors. Paris, France.UMR BIPAR. Animal Health Laboratory. ANSES. INRA. Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented

Mídia e política no Brasil: textos e agenda de pesquisa Midia and politics in Brazil: texts and research agenda

Um especialista em estudos de comunicação e um cientista político apresentam conjuntamente um panorama da pesquisa sobre as relações entre os meios de comunicação e os processos políticos no Brasil. Uma agenda de pesquisa é proposta e um elenco de textos nessa área é apresentado.<br>A specialist in communication studies and a political scientist present together a panorama of research on the relations between communication midia and political processes in Brazil A research agenda is proposed and a list of texts in this area is presented