Amamentação: relato de experiência sobre projeto de extensão / Breastfeeding: experience report of extension project

A amamentação é um processo fisiológico que promove benefícios para o binômio mãe-bebê. Apesar de fisiológico, não é um processo simples e a lactante pode enfrentar intercorrências durante o aleitamento, o que dificulta sua continuidade. A extensão universitária pode agir em prol da promoção do aleitamento materno e o desenvolvimento de rodas de conversas, eventos e palestras são importantes dispositivos de incentivo à amamentação. O objetivo deste relato é descrever e discutir as ações de promoção ao aleitamento materno do projeto de extensão "Vivências e apoio aos primeiros 1000 dias de vida”. Estas ações permitem grande troca entre profissionais em formação, sociedade e profissionais da saúde. A intenção primordial dos encontros é alcançar outros alunos e professores da Universidade, bem como toda a sociedade, esclarecendo e desmistificando conceitos que colocam a amamentação em risco de insucesso. As ações foram realizadas pelo Germinar (grupo de estudos em reprodução e nascimento) sempre com o auxílio de profissionais da área de aleitamento materno e saúde da mulher. Os temas propostos para as ações de extensão foram normalmente norteados pela Semana Mundial de Aleitamento Materno de cada ano. Concluímos que as mães que adquirem conhecimento por meio das discussões realizadas tornam-se munidas de conhecimento baseadas em evidências científicas, o que contribui para o sucesso da amamentação. Além disso, o envolvimento dos graduandos com os relatos reais, fornece aos mesmos uma experiência única. Nesse contexto, os pilares que sustentam a instituição são fortalecidos

Avaliação da expressão de osteopontina na infecção in vitro e in vivo por Leishmania sp

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-07-08T18:54:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-07-15T13:23:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tais Fontoura de Almeida Avaliação...2005.pdf: 24501256 bytes, checksum: 0a5c6ef526426dcb5ec131e5bafa3e39 (MD5) Tais Fontoura de Almeida Avaliação...2005.pdf: 24501256 bytes, checksum: 0a5c6ef526426dcb5ec131e5bafa3e39 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-15T13:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tais Fontoura de Almeida Avaliação...2005.pdf: 24501256 bytes, checksum: 0a5c6ef526426dcb5ec131e5bafa3e39 (MD5) Tais Fontoura de Almeida Avaliação...2005.pdf: 24501256 bytes, checksum: 0a5c6ef526426dcb5ec131e5bafa3e39 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005FAPEX - projeto 022058 e CAPES - Bolsa de Mestrado.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Camundongos da linhagem CBA/J são resistentes à infecção porX. major e susceptíveis à infecção por Z,. amazonensis, apresentando distintos padrões morfológicos de resposta tecidual e da resposta imune. O infiltrado inflamatório nestes animais é composto principalmente por macrófagos. Macrófagos desempenham importante papel na infecção por Leishmania por serem as principais células hospedeiras do parasito, por apresentarem antígenos a linfócitos T específicos e por secretarem citocinas e quimiocinas. Pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos envolvidos no recrutamento de macrófagos para o sítio da infecção, embora este seja um importante fenômeno para a manutenção e disseminação da infecção por Leishmania. Osteopontina (OPN) é uma proteína envolvida em migração e adesão celular e que tem sido relacionada à atração de macrófagos para sítios inflamatórios em resposta a diferentes estímulos patológicos, sendo os macrófagos o tipo celular que predominantemente responde a OPN. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a participação de osteopontina durante a infecção in vitro de, macrófagos por Leishmania sp. e durante a infecção in vivo de camundongos CBA/J por este mesmo patógeno. Macrófagos peritoneais inflamatórios e camundongos CBA/J foram infectados por L. major ou L. amazonensis e a expressão de OPN foi avaliada, in vitro, através da expressão de RNAm e, in vivo, através de imunohistoquímica para OPN em células de infiltrados inflamatórios e de linfonodos de drenagem das lesões destes animais. Foi observado que há uma maior expressão de RNAm para OPN em tempos tardios após a infecção de macrófagos e em linfonodos de animais infectados por L. amazonensis. Por regressão linear, foi observada que essa maior expressão e maior número de células expressando OPN no linfonodo de drenagem são dependentes do tempo de infecção por L. amazonensis. Estes dados sugerem que OPN está envolvida na resposta de susceptibilidade de camundongos CBA/J à infecção por L. amazonensis e aponta para a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento sobre o papel desta proteína no contexto da infecção por Leishmania.CBA mice are resistant to L. major infection and susceptible to L. amazonensis, presenting distinct pattems of tissular and immune responses. There is evidence that the early events post-infection are crucial to the course of the disease. Macrophages play a central role in Leishmania infection, since they are the cells that harbor parasites, present antigens to specific T lymphocytes and also have capacity to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in macrophage recruitment to the site of infection despite it is important for the maintenance and dissemination of Leishmania infection. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein involved in cellular migration and adhesion that has been related to attraction of macrophages to inflammatory sites in response to different pathological stimuli. Since macrophages are the main cell which responds to OPN stimulus, the goal of this work was to evaluate OPN participation during both in vitro and in vivo Leishmania infection. Peritoneal inflammatory macrophages and CBA/J mice were infected by L. amazonensis or L. major. In vitro, OPN expression was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. In in vivo studies, the expression of OPN protein was detected in cells of the inflammatory infiltrates and draining lymph nodes of infected animals. During infection of peritoneal inflammatory macrophages it was observed a higher expression of OPN mRNA in later times of L. amazonensis infection. According to this result, the number of OPN expressing cells was higher in draining lymph nodes oîL. amazonensis infected animals. By linear regression analysis it was observed that the increase in both in vitro OPN mRNA and in vivo lymph node OPN expression depends on the time of L. amazonensis infection. These data suggest that OPN is involved in the susceptibility of CBA/J mice to L. amazonensis infection and points out to the need to broad the knowledge about the role of this protein in the context of infection by Leishmania

Primary Immune response and parasite dissemination in Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-09-21T12:46:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Veras PST Primaty immune... .pdf: 311758 bytes, checksum: ea8bed9e464e0e9b7560f1644aa9ae5c (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-09-21T13:06:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Veras PST Primaty immune... .pdf: 311758 bytes, checksum: ea8bed9e464e0e9b7560f1644aa9ae5c (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T13:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veras PST Primaty immune... .pdf: 311758 bytes, checksum: ea8bed9e464e0e9b7560f1644aa9ae5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010FAPESBFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilUFMS. Departamento da Morfofisiologia. Mato Grosso do Sul, MG, BrasilZoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is a re-emerging disease caused by L. infantum/L. chagasi. The disease is transmitted by phlebotominae sand flies and dogs are the main urban reservoir of the parasite. In the natural history of L. chagasi infection in dog, named canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), following transmission, the parasites multiply in macrophages in the skin at the site of infection. From this localized cutaneous infection, the parasite can be disseminated via lymphatic or blood vessels, infecting macrophages of other organs such as the bone marrow, lymph node, liver and spleen, as well as the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract of the dog. In these naturally infected dogs, the outcome of CVL can vary considerably and probably correlates with the capacity of local skin cells to control parasite infection. CVL clinical manifestations are associated with distinct patterns of immune responses to Leishmania parasites. After infection, some dogs develop an impaired cell-mediated immune response that permits parasite dissemination and tissue lesion formation (symptomatic dogs), whereas others control parasite proliferation and dissemination to the different tissues (asymptomatic dogs). These infected dogs present positive lymphoproliferative assay in vitro or/and a positive skin test early in infection. However, as the disease progresses in susceptible dogs, these responses diminish. The cellular basis and mechanisms for the development of T-cell unresponsiveness in CVL are not understood fully. In the present review it will be discussed the local immune response in skin, other affected organs, and cellular compartments as well as the possible mechanisms involved in dissemination of the L. chagasi infection in the dog model of VL

Leishmania amazonensis fails to induce the release of reactive oxygen intermediates by CBA macrophages.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-05-30T11:44:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida TF Leishmania amazonensis....pdf: 549441 bytes, checksum: be4373bbc97f2d7b75430f8b8f393253 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T11:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida TF Leishmania amazonensis....pdf: 549441 bytes, checksum: be4373bbc97f2d7b75430f8b8f393253 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilCBA mouse macrophages effectively control Leishmania major infection, yet are permissive to Leishmania amazonensis. It has been established that some Leishmania species are destroyed by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, other species of Leishmania exhibit resistance to ROS or even down-modulate ROS production. We hypothesized that L. amazonensis-infected macrophages reduce ROS production soon after parasite-cell interaction. Employing a highly sensitive analysis technique based on chemiluminescence, the production of superoxide (O(·-)(2)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by L. major- or L. amazonensis-infected CBA macrophages were measured. L. major induces macrophages to release levels of (O(·-)(2)) 3·5 times higher than in uninfected cells. This (O(·-)(2)) production is partially dependent on NADPH oxidase (NOX) type 2. The level of accumulated H(2)O(2) is 20 times higher in L. major-than in L. amazonensis-infected cells. Furthermore, macrophages stimulated with L. amazonensis release amounts of ROS similar to uninfected cells. These findings support previous studies showing that CBA macrophages are effective in controlling L. major infection by a mechanism dependent on both (O(·-)(2)) production and H(2)O(2) generation. Furthermore, these data reinforce the notion that L. amazonensis survive inside CBA macrophages by reducing ROS production during the phagocytic process

Control of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare infections with respect to distinct granuloma formations in livers of BALB/c mice

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium that can cause a range of diseases in humans. Complications from M. fortuitum infection have been associated with numerous surgical procedures. A protective immune response against pathogenic mycobacterial infections is dependent on the granuloma formation. Within the granuloma, the macrophage effector response can inhibit bacterial replication and mediate the intracellular killing of bacteria. The granulomatous responses of BALB/c mice to rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria were assessed in vivo and the bacterial loads in spleens and livers from M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare-infected mice, as well as the number and size of granulomas in liver sections, were quantified. Bacterial loads were found to be approximately two times lower in M. fortuitum-infected mice than in M. intracellulare-infected mice and M. fortuitum-infected mice presented fewer granulomas compared to M. intracellulare-infected mice. These granulomas were characterized by the presence of Mac-1+ and CD4+ cells. Additionally, IFN-γmRNA expression was higher in the livers of M. fortuitum-infected mice than in those of M. intracellulare-infected mice. These data clearly show that mice are more capable of controlling an infection with M. fortuitum than M. intracellulare. This capacity is likely related to distinct granuloma formations in mice infected with M. fortuitum but not with M. intracellulare

Control of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare infections with respect to distinct granuloma formations in livers of BALB/c mice

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium that can cause a range of diseases in humans. Complications from M. fortuitum infection have been associated with numerous surgical procedures. A protective immune response against pathogenic mycobacterial infections is dependent on the granuloma formation. Within the granuloma, the macrophage effector response can inhibit bacterial replication and mediate the intracellular killing of bacteria. The granulomatous responses of BALB/c mice to rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria were assessed in vivo and the bacterial loads in spleens and livers from M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare -infected mice, as well as the number and size of granulomas in liver sections, were quantified. Bacterial loads were found to be approximately two times lower in M. fortuitum -infected mice than in M. intracellulare-infected mice and M. fortuitum -infected mice presented fewer granulomas compared to M. intracellulare-infected mice. These granulomas were characterized by the presence of Mac-1+ and CD4+ cells. Additionally, IFN-γmRNA expression was higher in the livers of M. fortuitum -infected mice than in those of M. intracellulare-infected mice. These data clearly show that mice are more capable of controlling an infection with M. fortuitum than M. intracellulare. This capacity is likely related to distinct granuloma formations in mice infected with M. fortuitum but not with M. intracellulare

IFN-gamma expression is up-regulated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed dogs upon Leishmania chagasi promastigote stimulation in vitro.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-06-11T17:23:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues CAT IFN-y expression....pdf: 284804 bytes, checksum: 8deea07db1b090684bd9aeacd243dab0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T17:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues CAT IFN-y expression....pdf: 284804 bytes, checksum: 8deea07db1b090684bd9aeacd243dab0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / UFMS-MS. Depto. de Morfofisiologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório Integrado de Patologia e Biointervenção. Salvador, BA, Brasil / UFBA. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, BrasilWhile the response to Leishmania spp. is well characterized in mice and humans, much less is known concerning the canine immune response, particularly soon after exposure to the parasite. Early events are considered to be a determinant of infection outcome. To investigate the dog’s early immune response to L. chagasi, an in vitro priming system (PIV) using dog naı¨ve PBMC was established. Until now, dog PIV immune response to L. chagasi has not been assessed. We co-cultivated PBMC primarily stimulated with L. chagasi in vitro with autologous infected macrophages and found that IFN-g mRNA is up-regulated in these cells compared to control unstimulated cells. IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression by L. chagasi-stimulated PBMC was similar to control unstimulated PBMCwhen incubated with infected macrophages. Surprisingly, correlation studies showed that a lower IFN-g/IL-4 expression ratio correlated with a lower percentage of infection. We propose that the direct correlation between IFN-g/IL-4 ratio and parasite load is dependent on the higher correlation of both IFN-g and IL-4 expression with lower parasite infection. This PIV system was shown to be useful in evaluating the dog immune response to L. chagasi, and results indicate that a balance between IFN-g and IL-4 is associated with control of parasite infection in vitro