TRAIL, DR5 and Caspase 3-dependent Apoptosis in Vessels of Diseased Human Temporomandibular Joint Disc. An Immunohistochemical Study

To evaluate the apoptosis involvement in the angiogenesis as a self-limiting process in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degenerated disc vessels, we assessed, by immunohistochemistry, the detection of TRAIL, its death receptor DR5 and caspase 3. TRAIL, its death receptor DR5 and caspase 3 expression were studied by immunohistochemistry in 15 TMJ discs displaced without reduction and in 4 unaffected discs. These apoptosis molecules were detected in the intima and media layers of newly formed vessels affected discs. In conclusion, vessels apoptosis activation in TMJ disc with ID could be regarded as a self-limiting process that try to leads to vessel regression; in this way an inhibition of angiogenic vessels may prove a key strategy in limiting pathological angiogenesis, by cutting off blood supply to tumors, or by reducing harmful inflammation

Understanding how the various definitions of Permanent Establishment can limit the taxation ability of resource- rich source countries

Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs) are bilateral tax treaties that are designed to reduce the negative impact of double taxation through the allocation of taxing rights to the State of residence (i.e. where the company has its base) and to the State of source (i.e. where the taxable operations takes place). The allocation of the rights to tax business profits of non-resident entities’ operations depends on whether these operations can constitute a “Permanent Establishment” (PE) according to the definition included in each DTA. If non-resident entities fulfill the criteria established in this PE definition, taxation is due at the source State. On the contrary, if non-resident entities fall outside of the scope of this definition, the residence State obtains these rights. DTAs can therefore result in source States losing significant tax revenue from operations of non-residents (unless such operations are conducted under a PE). Loosely defining the PE without due regard for the risk of loopholes might encourage companies to structure their investments in order to avoid fulfilling the criteria of the PE definition and thus avoid taxation at source. For the purpose of extractive industries, these tax avoidance structures normally involve bypassing the time threshold that triggers a PE (by splitting long term contracts into short term contracts), and/or structuring and dividing contracts to enable them to be considered of preparatory or auxiliary nature, thus fitting into then general exclusions of PE that exist in most DTAs (fragmentation of activities and/or misuse/abuse of specific activity exemptions); The UN and OECD Model DTAs – normally used as basis for DTAs – are not aimed at covering the specific characteristics of extractive industries. Resource rich States should thus aim to include specific clauses that cover these issues; after explaining the various options to optimize taxing rights related to PE in the context of extractives, CCSI’s brief presents a sample PE clause to that effect

Erupted Complex Odontoma Mimicking a Mandibular Second Molar

Complex odontoma (CO) is considered one of the most common odontogenic lesions, composed by a miscellaneous of dental tissue such as enamel, dentin, pulp and sometimes cementum. They may interfere with the eruption of an associated tooth, being more prevalent in the posterior mandible. CO has been rarely reported as erupted, being considered an intraosseous lesion. This is a case report of a 17-year-old male with a benign fibro-osseous lesion consistent with CO that was located at the left second molar region, above the crown of the impacted mandibular second molar tooth. The lesion was surgically removed, and the tooth had to be extracted, since there was no indication that it could erupt naturally or with orthodontic traction. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CO and after 6 months complete bone formation was observed radiographically. An early diagnosis will provide a better treatment option, avoiding tooth extraction or a more damaging surgery

As redes associativas pathfinder e a teoria dos conceitos nucleares no estudo da estrutura cognitiva sobre o conceito de probabilidade

Tendo como referencia a Teoria dos Conceitos Nucleares (TCN), apresentamos neste artigo um estudo cujo objetivo foi o de compreender a estrutura cognitiva dos alunos dos 9.º (14-15 anos) e 12.º (17-18 anos) anos de escolaridade portugueses, em torno da noção de Probabilidade. Utilizando uma amostra de 344 alunos, num 1.º Momento, e de 325, num 2.º Momento, os dados recolhidos, através do software Goluca, baseado nas Redes Associativas Pathfinder (PFNET), permitiram-nos identificar os conceitos mais significativos, as relações mais importantes e um conjunto de indicadores quantitativos relevantes à luz deste marco teórico. Os resultados mostram que a TCN, com a complementaridade das PFNET, constituem mais uma ferramenta didática para organizar a prática pedagógica e um referencial pedagógico rico e fértil, que deve ser levado em consideração no processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem da Probabilidad

Metallicity inhomogeneities in local star-forming galaxies as sign of recent metal-poor gas accretion

We measure the oxygen metallicity of the ionized gas along the major axis of seven dwarf star-forming galaxies. Two of them, SDSSJ1647+21 and SDSSJ2238+14, show 0.5 dex metallicity decrements in inner regions with enhanced star-formation activity. This behavior is similar to the metallicity drop observed in a number of local tadpole galaxies by Sanchez Almeida et al. (2013) and interpreted as showing early stages of assembling in disk galaxies, with the star formation sustained by external metal-poor gas accretion. The agreement with tadpoles has several implications: (1) it proves that galaxies other than the local tadpoles present the same unusual metallicity pattern. (2) Our metallicity inhomogeneities were inferred using the direct method, thus discarding systematic errors usually attributed to other methods. (3) Taken together with the tadpole data, our findings suggest a threshold around one tenth the solar value for the metallicity drops to show up. Although galaxies with clear metallicity drops are rare, the physical mechanism responsible for them may sustain a significant part of the star-formation activity in the local Universe. We argue that the star-formation dependence of the mass-metallicity relationship, as well as other general properties followed by most local disk galaxies, are naturally interpreted as side effects of pristine gas infall. Alternatives to the metal poor gas accretion are examined too.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 10 pages. 5 Fig

An application of the Theory of Nuclear Concepts in the study of the cognitive structure of Portuguese students in years 9 and 12 concerning the notion of Probability

Este trabajo analiza la percepción de los docentes de los centros de Educación Especial de Andalucía hacia la participación e implicación de las familias en el ámbito escolar. Se utiliza un método descriptivo basado en la técnica de la encuesta (n=428), llevándose a cabo la recogida de datos mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado “ad hoc”. Los docentes no se encuentran muy convencidos a la hora de asegurar la participación de las familias en el centro; consideran que la escolarización del alumnado con discapacidad contribuye a la mejora de la calidad de vida familiar, siendo más favorable en el caso de centros privados/concertados. Por su parte, los docentes de los centros públicos muestran mayor predisposición para trabajar de manera colaborativa con las familias, asegurando su participación en las decisiones que afectan al centro educativo.Based on the Theories of Nuclear Concepts and Threshold Concepts, this article aims at present the results of the cognitive structure of Portuguese students in years 9 (14-15 year-olds) and 12 (17-18 year-olds), concerning the notion of Probability. Methodologically, in a first moment, 344 students were inquired and, in a second moment, 325. The Pathfinder Associative Networks (PFNETs) thus obtained led to the identification of the most relevant concepts in the students conceptual framework, their respective organizationand a set of quantitative indicators relevant to the Theory of Nuclear Concepts. The results show that this theory is useful tools to organize the teaching practice and a valuable and effective pedagogical framework, which should be taken into account in the teaching and learning processes of Probability.peerReviewe

230102

Vehicle waiting time or stopped delay is one of the major disadvantages of employing signalized intersections (SIs) in road networks. The waiting time delays occur when vehicles stop in the queue, waiting to access the SI, and vary from road lane to road lane with the intersection management (IM) protocol used. In this research line, we propose an analytical expression for estimating the waiting time delays and studying the performance of different IM approaches in a grid network of independent intersections. We consider complex intersections with four legs and two lanes with two left-lane configurations, as well as five state-of-the-art IM approaches: two conventional -- Round-Robin (RR) and Trivial Traffic Light Control (TTLC); two adaptive -- Max-pressure Control Algorithm (MCA) and Websters Traffic Light Control (WTLC); and one reactive -- Synchronous Intersection Management Protocol (SIMP). The waiting time performance of these five IM approaches is compared using two simulation scenarios in the SUMO simulation framework. The simulation results validate the analytical study and show the advantages of employing SIMP, being the IM approach with the lowest waiting time delays.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio