Association between celiac disease and Crohn's disease - a challenge to the coloproctologist

Over the past few years, many studies on the association between celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease have been reported. The genetic origin of this association has prompted research that searches for a common link for the concomitant manifestation of these pathologies. Clinical studies aim not only to demonstrate this relation, but also to establish the epidemiological frequencies among affected individuals and their relatives as compared to the general population. The similar clinical symptoms, difficulties, diagnoses, and therapeutics are still a challenge, since this association is unknown to most coloproctologists, thereby culminating in treatments and surgical procedures with no benefits for the patient.Nos últimos anos, muitos estudos foram relatados sobre a associação entre a doença celíaca e as doenças inflamatórias intestinais. A origem genética dessa associação desperta pesquisas que buscam o elo comum para a manifestação concomitante das patologias. Estudos clínicos visam não apenas demonstrar essa relação mas também estabelecer as frequências epidemiológicas entre os indivíduos acometidos e seus familiares em relação à população geral. À semelhança do quadro clínico, as dificuldades diagnósticas e terapêuticas são ainda desafios, já que tal associação ainda é desconhecida para a maioria dos coloproctologistas, podendo resultar em tratamentos e cirurgias sem benefícios ao paciente

Proctocolectomy and ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis on the surgical treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis and ulcerative colitis: analysis of 49 cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of medical records of 49 patients submitted to ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis. RESULTS: Ulcerative colitis was diagnosed in 65% and familial adenomatous polyposis in 34%. Mean age was 39.5 years. 43% were male. Among familial adenomatous polyposis, 61% were diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Thirty-one percent of patients with ulcerative colitis was submitted to a previous surgical approach and 21% of these had toxic megacolon. Average hospital stay was 10 days. Post-operative complications occurred in 50% of patients with ulcerative colitis and 29.4% with familial adenomatous polyposis. Intestinal diversion was performed in 100% of ulcerative colitis and 88% of familial adenomatous polyposis. Pouchitis occurred in eight cases (seven ulcerative colitis and one FAP), requiring excision of the pouch in three ulcerative colitis. Mortality rate was 7.6%: two cases of carcinoma on the pouch and two post-operative complications. Late post-operative complications occurred in 22.4%: six familial adenomatous polyposis and five ulcerative colitis). Two patients had erectile dysfunction, and one retrograde ejaculation. One patient with severe perineal dermatitis was submitted to excision of the pouch. Incontinence occurred in four patients and two reported soil. Mean bowel movement was five times a day. CONCLUSION: Ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis is a safe surgery with acceptable morbidity and good functional results, if well indicated and performed in referral centers

Liver cirrhosis on the colonic anastomotic healing in rats Cirrose hepática na cicatrização de anastomose intestinal em ratos

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of cirrhosis on colonic anastomosis healing in rats. METHODS: Fifty five Wistar male rats were used (23 in the control group and 32 in the cirrhosis group). On the first day of the procedure, the rats in the cirrhosis group underwent double ligation and folding of the common bile duct to induce liver cirrhosis, and the control rats underwent a laparotomy and intestinal manipulation. On the fourteenth and thirty-fifth days, all of the animals were biochemically assessed for serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, total protein, and albumin and for liver histopathology. On the thirty-fifth day, cirrhosis was confirmed. On the twenty-eighth day, all of the animals were subjected to left colon transection and anastomosis. On the seventh day after the colonic anastomosis, the rats were sacrificed and macroscopically evaluated for dehiscence. The region of the colonic anastomosis was removed and subjected to hydroxyproline content measurement, conventional histology, and the immunohistochemical determination of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (MMP 1). RESULTS: The biochemical and histopathological examinations confirmed cirrhosis in all of the animals in the cirrhosis group. More deaths occurred after anastomosis in the cirrhosis group (5/25) than in the control group (0/21), and anastomotic dehiscence was more frequent in the cirrhosis group (8/25) than in the control group (0/21). The average hydroxyproline concentration was lower in the cirrhosis group than in the control group. The immunohistochemical studies showed that the average VEGF expression in the cirrhosis group was lower than in the control group, and the average MMP1 expression was higher in the cirrhosis group. CONCLUSION: Hepatic cirrhosis leads to increased mortality and colonic anastomotic dehiscence, an increased distance between the mucosal edges of the anastomosis area, and a lower hydroxyproline concentration in the colonic anastomosis; therefore, these conditions are deleterious to healing.<br>OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos da cirrose hepática na cicatrização de anastomose intestinal em ratos. MÉTODOS: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da cirrose hepática na cicatrização de anastomoses em ratos. 55 ratos Wistar machos foram utilizados (23 controles e 32 no grupo cirrose). No primeiro dia os ratos do grupo cirrose for submetidos à dupla ligadura e enovelamento do ducto hepático comum para indução de cirrose e os ratos controles foram submetidos à laparotomia e manipulação das alças intestinais. No dia 14 e 35, todos os animais foram avaliados bioquimicamente para dosagem sérica da alanina aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina, bilurrubinas, proteínas totais, albumina e histologia do fígado. No dia 35 a cirrose foi confirmada. No dia 28 todos os animais foram submetidos à colectomia esquerda e anastomose. 70 dias após anastomose os ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia e foram avaliados macroscopicamente a procura de deiscência. A região da anastomose colônica foi removida para dosagem de hidroxiprolina, histologia convencional e imunohistoquímica para determinação do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e metaloproteinase tipo 1 (MMP 1). RESULTADOS: A análise bioquímica e histológica confirmou a cirrose em todos os animais do grupo cirrose. Óbito ocorreu em maior freqüência após a anastomose no grupo cirrose (5/25) se comparado com grupo controle (0/21), e a deiscência da anastomose foi mais freqüente no grupo cirrose (8/25) se comparado com controle (0/21). A concentração média de hidroxiprolina foi menor no grupo cirrose se comparado com grupo controle. A análise imonuhistoquímica mostrou que a expressão VEGF no grupo cirrose foi menor que no grupo controle e a expressão média da MMP1 foi maior no grupo cirrose. CONCLUSÃO: A cirrose hepática leva a aumento de mortalidade e aumento na deiscência de anastomose, aumento na distância entre as pontes mucosas na area da anastomose, menor nível de hidroxiprolina na anastomose colônica e assim pior condição de cicatrização

Crohn's disease and hyperbaric oxygen therapy Doença de Crohn e oxigenoterapia hiperbárica

PURPOSE: Evaluate the application of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) refractory to pharmacologic therapy, who developed abdominal, anorectal or skin complications. METHODS: Fourteen selected patients with refractory CD and treated at the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (FMRP-USP) and at the Center of Hyperbaric Medicine, São Paulo Hospital (CEMEHI) were submitted to HBO. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients evaluated, 11 had a satisfactory response. CONCLUSION: HBO has shown benefits in patients with CD refractory to pharmacologic therapy.<br>OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a aplicação da Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica (HBO) nos pacientes com doença de Crohn (CD), refratários a terapia farmacológica, que evoluíram com complicações abdominais, orificiais ou dermatológicas. MÉTODOS: Catorze pacientes selecionados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo e no Centro de Medicina Hiperbárica do Hospital São Paulo de Ribeirão Preto eram portadores de Doença de Crohn refratária ao tratamento farmacológico e foram submetidos a sessões de HBO. RESULTADOS: Dos 14 pacientes avaliados, 11 apresentaram resposta satisfatória. CONCLUSÃO: A HBO tem demonstrado benefício nos pacientes com Doença de Crohn refratários ao tratamento farmacológico

Perineal rectosigmoidectomy on treatment of rectal procidentia: analysis of 48 cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results obtained in 48 cases of perineal rectosigmoidectomy in patients with rectal procidentia. METHODS: 48 medical records of patients undergoing PRS were analyzed, retrospectively. RESULTS: Before surgery, 44 patients (77.1%) reported complaints of anal mass and rectal bleeding was reported 13 times (22.8%). The period of hospitalization was 3.91 days (2 to 12 days). Women were the majority (85.4%). The mean age was 73.8 years (49 to 101 years). The average time of surgery was 72 minutes (40 to 90 minutes). Mechanical anastomosis was performed in 72.9% and manual in 27.1%. Among the 12 (25%) patients with fecal incontinence, continence was achieved in 2 cases. Postoperative complications occurred in five cases - 10.5% (two pneumonia and three anastomotic leakages). Recurrence was verified in four patients (8,3%). There were no deaths related to the procedure. CONCLUSION: Perineal rectosigmoidectomy is a good surgical option for rectal procidentia, with low morbidity and mortality, low recurrence rate and short hospitalization length