Periodontal status of maxillary central incisors after orthodontic traction:: a longitudinal follow-up

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic periodontal status of impacted permanent maxillary central incisors (Mx.1) after a long term of orthodontic traction. Methodology: This split-mouth study evaluated a sample of 11 patients (five females, six males) treated with Mx.1 unilateral traction one to 28 years after the removal of orthodontic appliances. The traction Group (TG) consisted of 11 Mx.1 and the Comparison Group (CG) comprised 11 spontaneously erupted contralateral Mx.1. High-resolution CBCT exams of central incisors were performed using Accuitomo (J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan). Cross-section imagens passing through the center of maxillary central incisors were used to measure buccal and lingual alveolar bone level. Presence of fenestration, root dilacerations, root coverage, and position of the root apex were also assessed in the same images. Clinical parameters included periodontal probing depth, attachment level, gingival bleeding index, plaque index, degree of gingival recession, amount of gingival mucosa, and evaluation of interproximal papilla and black triangle. Digital model analysis included an assessment of clinical crown height and width. Intergroup comparisons were performed using paired t-, McNemar’s, and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). Results: Compared to CG, we found a significantly thinner labial bone plate thickness in TG at the middle (p=0.000) and apical (p=0.009) root level. We also observed an apical displaced labial bone crest level in TG (p=0.000). The Traction Group showed a greater frequency of root dilacerations and gingival recessions, a decreased amount of keratinized mucosa, and a decreased clinical attachment level at the labial aspect compared to contralateral teeth.  Conclusions: A decreased thickness and height of labial alveolar bone and gingival recessions were found in maxillary central incisors 15 years after orthodontic traction. Though incisor traction might cause some periodontal impact, differences are acceptable under a clinical point of view considering the cost-benefit ratio

Thermo and mechanical cycling and veneering method do not influence Y-TZP core/veneer interface bond strength

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of thermal and mechanical cycling and veneering technique on the shear bond strength of Y-TZP (yttrium oxide partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal) core–veneer interfaces.Materials and methodsCylindrical Y-TZP specimens were veneered either by layering (n=20) or by pressing technique (n=20). A metal ceramic group (CoCr) was used as control (n=20). Ten specimens for each group were thermal and mechanical cycled and then all samples were subjected to shear bond strength in a universal testing machine with a 0.5mm/min crosshead speed. Mean shear bond strength (MPa) was analysed with a 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Failure mode was determined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThermal and mechanical cycling had no influence on the shear bond strength for all groups. The CoCr group presented the highest bond strength value (p<0.05) (34.72±7.05MPa). There was no significant difference between Y-TZP veneered by layering (22.46±2.08MPa) or pressing (23.58±2.1MPa) technique. Failure modes were predominantly adhesive for CoCr group, and cohesive within veneer for Y-TZP groups.ConclusionsThermal and mechanical cycling, as well as the veneering technique does not affect Y-TZP core–veneer bond strength.Clinical significanceDifferent methods of veneering Y-TZP restorations would not influence the clinical performance of the core/veneer interfaces

Evaluation of photobiomodulation therapy associated with guided bone regeneration in critical size defects. In vivo study

The repair of bone defects raises the interest of investigators in several health specialties. Grafting techniques with bone substitutes and laser therapies have been investigated to replace autogenous bone and accelerate the bone healing process. Objective: To evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) associated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) in critical size defects. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 male rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar) submitted to surgical creation of a critical size defect on the calvaria, divided into eight study groups: group C (control - only blood clot); group M (collagen membrane); group PBMT (photobiomodulation therapy); group AB (autogenous bone); group AB+PBMT; group AB+M; group PBMT+M; group AB+PBMT+M. The animals were killed 30 days postoperatively. After tissue processing, bone regeneration was evaluated by histomorphometric analysis and statistical analyses were performed (Tukey test, p&lt;0.05). Results: All groups had greater area of newly formed bone compared to group C (9.96±4.49%). The group PBMT+M (achieved the greater quantity of new bone (64.09±7.62%), followed by groups PBMT (47.67±8.66%), M (47.43±15.73%), AB+PBMT (39.15±16.72%) and AB+PBMT+M (35.82±7.68%). After group C, the groups AB (25.10±16.59%) and AB+M (22.72±13.83%) had the smallest quantities of newly formed bone. The area of remaining particles did not have statistically significant difference between groups AB+M (14.93±8.92%) and AB+PBMT+M (14.76±6.58%). Conclusion: The PBMT utilization may be effective for bone repair, when associated with bone regeneration techniques

A multidisciplinary approach for the management of hypodontia: case report

Hypodontia is the congenital absence of one or more teeth and may affect permanent teeth. Several options are indicated to treat hypodontia, including the maintenance of primary teeth or space redistribution for restorative treatment with partial adhesive bridges, tooth transplantation, and implants. However, a multidisciplinary approach is the most important requirement for the ideal treatment of hypodontia. This paper describes a multidisciplinary treatment plan for congenitally missing permanent mandibular second premolars involving orthodontics, implantology and prosthodontic specialties

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP (HRAC-USP) - Part 2: Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

The aim of this article is to present the pediatric dentistry and orthodontic treatment protocol of rehabilitation of cleft lip and palate patients performed at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP). Pediatric dentistry provides oral health information and should be able to follow the child with cleft lip and palate since the first months of life until establishment of the mixed dentition, craniofacial growth and dentition development. Orthodontic intervention starts in the mixed dentition, at 8-9 years of age, for preparing the maxillary arch for secondary bone graft procedure (SBGP). At this stage, rapid maxillary expansion is performed and a fixed palatal retainer is delivered before SBGP. When the permanent dentition is completed, comprehensive orthodontic treatment is initiated aiming tooth alignment and space closure. Maxillary permanent canines are commonly moved mesially in order to substitute absent maxillary lateral incisors. Patients with complete cleft lip and palate and poor midface growth will require orthognatic surgery for reaching adequate anteroposterior interarch relationship and good facial esthetics

Rehabilitative treatment of cleft lip and palate: experience of the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies - USP (HRAC-USP) - part 3: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

This paper presents the treatment protocol of maxillofacial surgery in the rehabilitation process of cleft lip and palate patients adopted at HRAC-USP. Maxillofacial surgeons are responsible for the accomplishment of two main procedures, alveolar bone graft surgery and orthognathic surgery. The primary objective of alveolar bone graft is to provide bone tissue for the cleft site and then allow orthodontic movements for the establishment of an an adequate occlusion. When performed before the eruption of the maxillary permanent canine, it presents high rates of success. Orthognathic surgery aims at correcting maxillomandibular discrepancies, especially anteroposterior maxillary deficiencies, commonly observed in cleft lip and palate patients, for the achievement of a functional occlusion combined with a balanced face

Epidemiological evaluation of the periodontal status of patients with cleft lip and palate attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies

Em odontologia as pesquisas na área da Periodontia em indivíduos portadores de fissura labiopalatina são escassas, com poucos estudos de prevalência, incidência, extensão e severidade das alterações periodontais, assim como tratamento dessas alterações em adultos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a prevalência e severidade da doença periodontal em 400 indivíduos portadores de fissura de lábio, rebordo alveolar e palatino, uni e bilateral, com idade entre 15 e 50 anos, do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo sem tratamento periodontal prévio. No exame clínico foram realizadas as medidas de profundidade de sondagem, nível de inserção clínico, índice gengival, índice de placa e recessão gengival. 86,75% apresentaram profundidade de sondagem 3 mm. Não houve nenhum sextante com profundidade de sondagem 6 mm. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre profundidade de sondagem e idade, tipos de fissura e sextantes (p<0,001). 95,87% dos dentes examinados apresentaram medida do nível de inserção menor ou igual a 3 mm. O sextante da fissura não apresentou as maiores médias de profundidade de sondagem, nível de inserção clínico, índice de placa e índice gengival. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre gênero e as demais variáveis. Houve sangramento gengival na maior parte da amostra, tanto para dentes superiores quanto para inferiores. A freqüência e severidade das recessões gengivais aumentaram com a idade, os dentes mais acometidos foram os prés e molares. Os incisivos e caninos apresentaram freqüência de recessão dez vezes maior que a população em geral. O tipo de fissura não foi um fator importante para a prevalência da doença periodontal. O gênero não influenciou nenhum dos parâmetros clínicos nesta amostra. A idade parece ser um fator importante na prevalência e severidade da doença periodontal, para todos os parâmetros estudados. A doença periodontal em indivíduos portadores de fissura, neste estudo, demonstrou ocorrer de maneira semelhante a outras populações. A presença da fissura parece não ser um fator agravante para a prevalência da doença.In Dentistry, few studies are conducted on individuals with cleft lip and palate in the field of Periodontics, either addressing the prevalence, incidence, extent and severity of periodontal lesions or the treatment of these disorders in adults. This study analyzed the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease on 400 individuals with unilateral or bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, aged 15 to 50 years, attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, without any previous periodontal treatment. Clinical examination comprised measurements of probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index, plaque index and gingival recession. A total of 86.75% of patients presented probing depth 3 mm. No sextant exhibited probing depth 6 mm. There was statistically significant difference in probing depth according to age, types of cleft and sextant (p<0.001); 95.87% of teeth presented mean attachment level smaller than or equal to 3 mm. The sextant with cleft did not present higher means of probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and ingival index. There was no statistically significant difference between gender and the other variables. There was gingival bleeding in most of the sample, both in maxillary and mandibular teeth. The frequency and severity of gingival recessions were increased with age, affecting mainly the premolars and molars. The frequency of recession in incisors and canines was ten times higher compared to the general population. The type of cleft was not an important factor influencing the prevalence of periodontal disease. Gender did not influence any of the clinical parameters in this sample. Age seems to be an important factor influencing the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease, for all aspects investigated. Periodontal disease in individuals with clefts, in the present study, occurred in a similar manner as observed in other populations. The presence of a cleft does not seem to increase the prevalence of the disease