938 research outputs found
Effects of Nutritional Interventions on Cardiovascular Disease Health Outcomes in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: A Scoping Review.
Nutrition interventions can support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review examines nutritional interventions aiming to improve CVD outcomes and appraises peer-reviewed interventions using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool. Five electronic databases and grey literature were searched, applying no time limit. Two reviewers completed the screening, data extraction and quality assessment independently. The study quality was assessed using the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT). Twenty-one nutrition programs were included in this review. Twelve reported on anthropometric measurements, ten on biochemical and/or hematological measurements and sixteen on other outcome domains. Most programs reported improvements in measurable CVD risk factors, including reduced body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight, blood pressure and improved lipid profiles. Most programs performed well at community engagement and capacity strengthening, but many lacked the inclusion of Indigenous research paradigms, governance and strengths-based approaches. This review highlights the need for contemporary nutrition programs aimed at improving cardiovascular health outcomes to include additional key cultural components
Local/Non-Local Complementarity in Topological Effects
In certain topological effects the accumulation of a quantum phase shift is
accompanied by a local observable effect. We show that such effects manifest a
complementarity between non-local and local attributes of the topology, which
is reminiscent but yet different from the usual wave-particle complementarity.
This complementarity is not a consequence of non-commutativity, rather it is
due to the non-canonical nature of the observables. We suggest that a
local/non-local complementarity is a general feature of topological effects
that are ``dual'' to the AB effect.Comment: 4 page
Correspondences and Quantum Description of Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher Effects
We establish systematic consolidation of the Aharonov-Bohm and
Aharonov-Casher effects including their scalar counterparts. Their formal
correspondences in acquiring topological phases are revealed on the basis of
the gauge symmetry in non-simply connected spaces and the adiabatic condition
for the state of magnetic dipoles. In addition, investigation of basic two-body
interactions between an electric charge and a magnetic dipole clarifies their
appropriate relative motions and discloses physical interrelations between the
effects. Based on the two-body interaction, we also construct an exact
microscopic description of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, where all the elements are
treated on equal footing, i.e., magnetic dipoles are described
quantum-mechanically and electromagnetic fields are quantized. This microscopic
analysis not only confirms the conventional (semiclassical) results and the
topological nature but also allows one to explore the fluctuation effects due
to the precession of the magnetic dipoles with the adiabatic condition relaxed
Interrelations Between the Neutron's Magnetic Interactions and the Magnetic Aharonov-Bohm Effect
It is proved that the phase shift of a polarized neutron interacting with a
spatially uniform time-dependent magnetic field, demonstrates the same physical
principles as the magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect. The crucial role of inert
objects is explained, thereby proving the quantum mechanical nature of the
effect. It is also proved that the nonsimply connectedness of the field-free
region is not a profound property of the system and that it cannot be regarded
as a sufficient condition for a nonzero phase shift.Comment: 18 pages, 1 postscript figure, Late
Double deletion of Panx1 and Panx3 affects skin and bone but not hearing
Pannexins (Panxs), large-pore channel forming glycoproteins, are expressed in a wide variety of tissues including the skin, bone, and cochlea. To date, the use of single knock-out mouse models of both Panx1 and Panx3 have demonstrated their roles in skin development, bone formation, and auditory phenotypes. Due to sequence homology between Panx1 and Panx3, when one Panx is ablated from germline, the other may be upregulated in a compensatory mechanism to maintain tissue homeostasis and function. To evaluate the roles of Panx1 and Panx3 in the skin, bone, and cochlea, we created the first Panx1/Panx3 double knock-out mouse model (dKO). These mice had smaller litters and reduced body weight compared to wildtype controls. The dKO dorsal skin had decreased epidermal and dermal area as well as decreased hypodermal area in neonatal but not in older mice. In addition, mouse skull shape and size were altered, and long bone length was decreased in neonatal dKO mice. Finally, auditory tests revealed that dKO mice did not exhibit hearing loss and were even slightly protected against noise-induced hearing damage at mid-frequency regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that Panx1 and Panx3 are important at early stages of development in the skin and bone but may be redundant in the auditory system. Key messages Panx double KO mice had smaller litters and reduced body weight. dKO skin had decreased epidermal and dermal area in neonatal mice. Skull shape and size changed plus long bone length decreased in neonatal dKO mice. dKO had no hearing loss and were slightly protected against noise-induced damage
âIt doesnât mean Iâm uselessâ How do young people experiencing psychosis contribute to their families and why are their contributions sometimes overlooked?
Purpose: Psychosis is often seen as a âburdenâ on families. and affected individuals frequently hold a negative view of themselves. This study explored the ways in which young adults who have experienced first episode psychosis (FEP) make a positive contribution within their families.
Methods: Fifteen participants (seven young people with experience of psychosis and eight relatives) were interviewed separately. Their accounts were analysed using grounded theory methodology (Charmaz, 2006).
Results: For many individuals, their experience had led to a catastrophic redefinition of their identity. However, they continued to contribute significantly both within their families and within their wider communities. The redefinition of identity sometimes appeared to create a âperceptual filterâ whereby both the person themselves and family members overlooked or minimised their contribution, focusing instead on being alert to signs of psychosis or illness.
Conclusions: Shame and a focus on symptoms rather than achievements and contributions can significantly limit opportunities, expectations, and movement beyond an illness identity. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this and to help young people and their families to notice and value positive contribution, and so promote recovery, well-being and post-traumatic growth
Quantum Enigma Machine: Experimentally Demonstrating Quantum Data Locking
Shannon proved in 1949 that information-theoretic-secure encryption is possible if the encryption key is used only once, is random, and is at least as long as the message itself. Notwithstanding, when information is encoded in a quantum system, the phenomenon of quantum data locking allows one to encrypt a message with a shorter key and still provide information-theoretic security. We present one of the first feasible experimental demonstrations of quantum data locking for direct communication and propose a scheme for a quantum enigma machine that encrypts 6 bits per photon (containing messages, new encryption keys, and forward error correction bits) with less than 6 bits per photon of encryption key while remaining information-theoretically secure
Quantum Particle-Trajectories and Geometric Phase
"Particle"-trajectories are defined as integrable paths
in projective space.
Quantum states evolving on such trajectories, open or closed, do not
delocalise in projection, the phase associated with the trajectories
being related to the geometric (Berry) phase and the Classical Mechanics
action. High Energy Physics properties of states evolving on
"particle"-trajectories are discussed.Comment: 4 page
Quantum enigma machine: Experimentally demonstrating quantum data locking
Shannon proved in 1949 that information-theoretic-secure encryption is possible if the encryption key is used only once, is random, and is at least as long as the message itself. Notwithstanding, when information is encoded in a quantum system, the phenomenon of quantum data locking allows one to encrypt a message with a shorter key and still provide information-theoretic security. We present one of the first feasible experimental demonstrations of quantum data locking for direct communication and propose a scheme for a quantum enigma machine that encrypts 6 bits per photon (containing messages, new encryption keys, and forward error correction bits) with less than 6 bits per photon of encryption key while remaining information-theoretically secure
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