Deciphering the genome structure and paleohistory of _Theobroma cacao_

We sequenced and assembled the genome of _Theobroma cacao_, an economically important tropical fruit tree crop that is the source of chocolate. The assembly corresponds to 76% of the estimated genome size and contains almost all previously described genes, with 82% of them anchored on the 10 _T. cacao_ chromosomes. Analysis of this sequence information highlighted specific expansion of some gene families during evolution, for example flavonoid-related genes. It also provides a major source of candidate genes for _T. cacao_ disease resistance and quality improvement. Based on the inferred paleohistory of the T. cacao genome, we propose an evolutionary scenario whereby the ten _T. cacao_ chromosomes were shaped from an ancestor through eleven chromosome fusions. The _T. cacao_ genome can be considered as a simple living relic of higher plant evolution

Supply Chain control as a support to the development of franchise networks : strategic, organizational and societal approaches

Notre recherche doctorale a pour objet d’apporter un éclairage novateur sur la chaîne logistique dans le contexte des réseaux de franchise en s’appuyant sur la théorie des ressources et la théorie des parties prenantes. S’inscrivant dans une logique d’exploration, la recherche participe à enrichir les travaux sur les réseaux de franchise sous l’angle de la chaîne logistique. Une telle approche, jusqu’à présent peu explorée, permet de mieux saisir l’avantage compétitif que représente de la maîtrise de la chaîne logistique pour le réseau de franchise, ainsi que le rôle du prestataire de services logistiques (PSL) dans le contexte français. En effet, son rôle de conseil, voire de prescripteur d’évolution des processus,s’appuie sur sa connaissance des métiers de la chaîne logistique, imprégnée de la culture du client, et sur sa capacité à imposer les évolutions nécessaires vis-à-vis des 3PL auprès desquels il aura sous-traité une partie de ses activités. Il ressort de la recherche que la maîtrise de la chaîne logistique est un enjeu stratégique pour le réseau de franchise. Au travers d’études de cas, la relation de longue durée, la confiance et l’appropriation de la culture du réseau par le PSL sont des critères incontournables de l’avantage compétitif que procure la maîtrise de la chaîne logistique au profit du réseau de franchise.Our doctoral research aims to bring innovative light on the supply chain in the context offranchise networks based on resource theory and stakeholder theory. As part of an explorationstrategy, research contributes to enriching the work on franchise networks in terms of the supplychain. Such an approach, hitherto little explored, makes it possible to better understand thecompetitive advantage of supply chain control for the franchise network and the role of thelogistics service provider (LSP) in the French context. Indeed, its advisory role, and even theprescriber of the evolution of processes, relies on its knowledge of the supply chain businesses,imbued with the customer's culture, and its ability to impose the necessary changes vis-à-vis3PLs from which it will have subcontracted part of its activities. Research shows that supplychain management is a strategic challenge for the franchise network. Through case studies, thelong-term relationship, trust and ownership of the network culture by the PSL are essentialcriteria for the competitive advantage of supply chain control in favor of the network franchise

Une approche originale de logistique urbaine : l’expérimentation « Déméter – Bordeaux Métropole »

International audienceDans un contexte français où la logistique urbaine est souvent évoquée sous forme de mutualisation, de centres de distribution urbain, de motorisation électrique, une expérimentation initiée par le Club Déméter et Bordeaux Métropole a été lancée entre janvier et mars 2016. Elle n’a de caractère « mutualisé » que la coordination de ses membres, en relation avec Bordeaux Métropole, qui visent à livrer, en horaires décalés, des points de livraison situés dans les zones urbaines de Bordeaux Métropole. Cette communication en présente les principales dimensions en référence à la théorie des parties prenantes

Governance of inter-organizational relations and supply chain management: The case of franchising networks

International audienceSince the 1980s, the franchise relationship has given rise to numerous investigations in the fields of marketing and distribution. It refers to a contract between two legally independent companies, the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchisor owns a brand and/or a concept, while the franchisee exploits the franchisor’s brand and/or concept. Based on an inter-organizational collaboration without subordination, the franchise relationship raises the question of its governance from a dual perspective, financial and commercial. On the other hand, the logistics dimension has rarely been addressed in the literature. This article, which is programmatic in nature, indicates the presence of a research perspective at this level and highlights the issues at stake

An Investigation of Logistical Service in Franchising System: A Case Study in the French Context

International audienceIn the past forty years, the franchising system has undergone a remarkable expansion, notably in France, retaining more and more the attention of economy and service management researchers. A recurring question relates to the sources of competitive advantage that a franchise network may have. This paper intends to contribute to the debate based on the fundamentals of the resource/competence-based view, and applying the reflection to the case of the logistical service. Based on a case study driven within a franchise network, it is possible to conclude that the supply chain competences of a franchisor play an important role in the level of perceived satisfaction of franchisees when customised solutions are proposed thanks to information technologies

An Investigation of Logistical Service in Franchising System: A Case Study in the French Context

International audienceIn the past forty years, the franchising system has undergone a remarkable expansion, notably in France, retaining more and more the attention of economy and service management researchers. A recurring question relates to the sources of competitive advantage that a franchise network may have. This paper intends to contribute to the debate based on the fundamentals of the resource/competence-based view, and applying the reflection to the case of the logistical service. Based on a case study driven within a franchise network, it is possible to conclude that the supply chain competences of a franchisor play an important role in the level of perceived satisfaction of franchisees when customised solutions are proposed thanks to information technologies

Governance of inter-organizational relations and supply chain management: The case of franchising networks

International audienceSince the 1980s, the franchise relationship has given rise to numerous investigations in the fields of marketing and distribution. It refers to a contract between two legally independent companies, the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchisor owns a brand and/or a concept, while the franchisee exploits the franchisor’s brand and/or concept. Based on an inter-organizational collaboration without subordination, the franchise relationship raises the question of its governance from a dual perspective, financial and commercial. On the other hand, the logistics dimension has rarely been addressed in the literature. This article, which is programmatic in nature, indicates the presence of a research perspective at this level and highlights the issues at stake

An Investigation of Logistical Service in Franchising System: A Case Study in the French Context

International audienceIn the past forty years, the franchising system has undergone a remarkable expansion, notably in France, retaining more and more the attention of economy and service management researchers. A recurring question relates to the sources of competitive advantage that a franchise network may have. This paper intends to contribute to the debate based on the fundamentals of the resource/competence-based view, and applying the reflection to the case of the logistical service. Based on a case study driven within a franchise network, it is possible to conclude that the supply chain competences of a franchisor play an important role in the level of perceived satisfaction of franchisees when customised solutions are proposed thanks to information technologies

Governance of inter-organizational relations and supply chain management: The case of franchising networks

International audienceSince the 1980s, the franchise relationship has given rise to numerous investigations in the fields of marketing and distribution. It refers to a contract between two legally independent companies, the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchisor owns a brand and/or a concept, while the franchisee exploits the franchisor’s brand and/or concept. Based on an inter-organizational collaboration without subordination, the franchise relationship raises the question of its governance from a dual perspective, financial and commercial. On the other hand, the logistics dimension has rarely been addressed in the literature. This article, which is programmatic in nature, indicates the presence of a research perspective at this level and highlights the issues at stake

La dysphagie :Un syndrome gériatrique ?

Dysphagia is a common condition in the elderly but often not systematically explored. The "geriatric syndromes" refer to the multifactorial health conditions that occur when the cumulative effects of functional disorders of multiple systems make an individual vulnerable to face the challenges of situations. This article assumes that dysphagia is a geriatric syndrome and provides arguments in favor of it. In this context its' approach requires screening followed by an interdisciplinary management involving various professional geriatric teams.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe