Accuracy of 2 telemetry systems in mountainous terrain

Spring 1992.Summary report 1988-1991.Conducted for: Colorado Division of Wildlife, Vail Associates, Arrohead and Vail, The Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation, U.S. Forest Service.Includes bibliographical references

Elk migration, habitat use and dispersal in the Upper Eagle Valley, Colorado: summary report 1986-1988

Summer 1989.Includes bibliographical references

COMPARISON OF HOP DOWNY MILDEW EPIDEMICS USING SPATIAL ANALYSIS

Methods of spatial analysis including distribution fitting, variance-to-mean ratios, Morisita\u27s index, doublet and runs analyses, Greig-Smith analysis and variography were used to investigate the spatial pattern of hop downy mildew. Use of these methods allowed examination of the spatial structure of hop downy mildew at three spatial scales: within hop hills, between nearby hop hills, and for hop hills more separated in space. The results obtained were in general agreement for methods of analysis which assessed spatial structure at the same spatial scale with the exception of Morisita\u27s index of clumping which did not identify clumps of diseased hills of the same size as Greig-Smith analysis and semi-variograms

Aggressive Interactions of Rocky Mountain Elk, Cervus elaphus nelsoni, During the Calving Season Toward Mule Deer, Odocoileus hemionus, in Central Colorado

We documented four aggressive interactions between Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) and Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) during the Elk calving season of June and July 1995. In one case, we believe a fawn Mule Deer was killed by two cow Elk. In the other three cases, Elk chased Mule Deer away from an area where they were grazing. These incidents are of interest because documentation of such interactions between Elk and Mule Deer is sparse in the scientific literature and because of the concern about declining Mule Deer populations throughout the western United States

Gene expression analysis to detect disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of triple-negative breast cancer patients predicts metastatic relapse

PURPOSE: Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the BM of breast cancer patients predict early disease relapse, but the molecular heterogeneity of these cells is less well characterized. Expression of a 46-gene panel was used to detect DTCs and classify patient BM samples to determine whether a composite set of biomarkers could better predict metastatic relapse. METHODS: Using a high-throughput qRT-PCR assay platform, BM specimens collected from 70 breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed for the expression of 46 gene transcripts. Gene expression was scored positive (detectable) relative to a reference pool of 16 healthy female control BM specimens. To validate findings from a subset of 28 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in the initial 70 patient cohort, an independent set of pre-therapeutic BM specimens from 16 TNBC patients was analyzed. RESULTS: Expression of each of the 46 gene transcripts was highly variable between patients. Individual gene expression was detected in 0-84% of BM specimens analyzed and all but two patient BM specimens expressed at least one transcript. Among a subset of 28 patients with TNBC, positivity of one or more of eight transcripts correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03). In an independent set of 16 triple-negative patient BM samples, detection of five of these same eight gene transcripts also correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03) with a positive predictive value of 89%. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a set of gene transcripts whose detection in the BM of TNBC patients, prior to any treatment intervention, predicts time to first distant relapse, thus identifying a TNBC patient population which requires additional treatment intervention. Because these genes are presumably expressed in populations of DTCs and many encode proteins that are known therapeutic targets (e.g., ERBB2), these results also suggest a potential approach for targeted DTC therapy to mitigate distant metastases in TNBC

Gene expression analysis to detect disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of triple-negative breast cancer patients predicts metastatic relapse

PURPOSE: Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the BM of breast cancer patients predict early disease relapse, but the molecular heterogeneity of these cells is less well characterized. Expression of a 46-gene panel was used to detect DTCs and classify patient BM samples to determine whether a composite set of biomarkers could better predict metastatic relapse. METHODS: Using a high-throughput qRT-PCR assay platform, BM specimens collected from 70 breast cancer patients prior to neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed for the expression of 46 gene transcripts. Gene expression was scored positive (detectable) relative to a reference pool of 16 healthy female control BM specimens. To validate findings from a subset of 28 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients in the initial 70 patient cohort, an independent set of pre-therapeutic BM specimens from 16 TNBC patients was analyzed. RESULTS: Expression of each of the 46 gene transcripts was highly variable between patients. Individual gene expression was detected in 0-84% of BM specimens analyzed and all but two patient BM specimens expressed at least one transcript. Among a subset of 28 patients with TNBC, positivity of one or more of eight transcripts correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03). In an independent set of 16 triple-negative patient BM samples, detection of five of these same eight gene transcripts also correlated with time to distant relapse (p = 0.03) with a positive predictive value of 89%. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a set of gene transcripts whose detection in the BM of TNBC patients, prior to any treatment intervention, predicts time to first distant relapse, thus identifying a TNBC patient population which requires additional treatment intervention. Because these genes are presumably expressed in populations of DTCs and many encode proteins that are known therapeutic targets (e.g., ERBB2), these results also suggest a potential approach for targeted DTC therapy to mitigate distant metastases in TNBC

A momentum-dependent perspective on quasiparticle interference in Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+\delta}

Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) probes the momentum-space electronic structure of materials, and provides invaluable information about the high-temperature superconducting cuprates. Likewise, the cuprate real-space, inhomogeneous electronic structure is elucidated by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS). Recently, STS has exploited quasiparticle interference (QPI) - wave-like electrons scattering off impurities to produce periodic interference patterns - to infer properties of the QP in momentum-space. Surprisingly, some interference peaks in Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+\delta} (Bi-2212) are absent beyond the antiferromagnetic (AF) zone boundary, implying the dominance of particular scattering process. Here, we show that ARPES sees no evidence of quasiparticle (QP) extinction: QP-like peaks are measured everywhere on the Fermi surface, evolving smoothly across the AF zone boundary. This apparent contradiction stems from different natures of single-particle (ARPES) and two-particle (STS) processes underlying these probes. Using a simple model, we demonstrate extinction of QPI without implying the loss of QP beyond the AF zone boundary

Visualizing the emergence of the pseudogap state and the evolution to superconductivity in a lightly hole-doped Mott insulator

Superconductivity emerges from the cuprate antiferromagnetic Mott state with hole doping. The resulting electronic structure is not understood, although changes in the state of oxygen atoms appear paramount. Hole doping first destroys the Mott state yielding a weak insulator where electrons localize only at low temperatures without a full energy gap. At higher doping, the 'pseudogap', a weakly conducting state with an anisotropic energy gap and intra-unit-cell breaking of 90\degree-rotational (C4v) symmetry appears. However, a direct visualization of the emergence of these phenomena with increasing hole density has never been achieved. Here we report atomic-scale imaging of electronic structure evolution from the weak-insulator through the emergence of the pseudogap to the superconducting state in Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2. The spectral signature of the pseudogap emerges at lowest doping from a weakly insulating but C4v-symmetric matrix exhibiting a distinct spectral shape. At slightly higher hole-density, nanoscale regions exhibiting pseudogap spectra and 180\degree-rotational (C2v) symmetry form unidirectional clusters within the C4v-symmetric matrix. Thus, hole-doping proceeds by the appearance of nanoscale clusters of localized holes within which the broken-symmetry pseudogap state is stabilized. A fundamentally two-component electronic structure11 then exists in Ca2-xNaxCuO2Cl2 until the C2v-symmetric clusters touch at higher doping, and the long-range superconductivity appears.Comment: See the Nature Physics website for the published version available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/Nphys232