Effects of the background radiation on radio pulsar and supernova remnant searches and the birth rates of these objects

In different directions of the Galaxy the Galactic background radio radiation and radiation of complex star formation regions which include large number of OB associations have different influences on radio pulsar (PSR) and supernova remnant (SNR) searches. In this work we analyse the effects of these background radiations on the observations of PSRs at 1400 MHz and SNRs at 1000 MHz. In the interval l=0$^o$$\pm60^o$ the PSRs with flux F$_{1400}$$>$0.2 mJy and the SNRs with surface brightness $\Sigma$$>10^{-21}$ Wm$^{-2}$Hz$^{-1}$sr$^{-1}$ are observable for all values of l and b. All the SNRs with $\Sigma$$>3\times10^{-22}$ Wm$^{-2}$Hz$^{-1}$sr$^{-1}$ can be observed in the interval 60$^o$$<$l$<300^o$. We have examined samples of PSRs and SNRs to estimate the birth rates of these objects in the region up to 3.2 kpc from the Sun and also in the Galaxy. The birth rate of PSRs is about one in 200 years and the birth rate of SNRs is about one in 65 years in our galaxy.Comment: revised versio

Magnetospheric particle acceleration and X-ray emission of pulsars

The available data on isolated X-ray pulsars, their wind nebulae, and the supernova remnants which are connected to some of these sources are analyzed. It is shown that electric fields of neutron stars tear off charged particles from the surface of neutron star and trigger the acceleration of particles. The charged particles are accelerated mainly in the field of magneto-dipole radiation wave. Power and energy spectra of the charged particles depend on the strength of the magneto-dipole radiation. Therefore, the X-ray radiation is strongly dependent on the rate of rotational energy loss and weakly dependent on the electric field intensity. Coulomb interaction between the charged particles is the main factor for the energy loss and the X-ray spectra of the charged particles.Comment: minor correction on table format, 20 pages (4 figures, 1 table), submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics

Simultaneous laparoscopic and thoracoscopic intervention for lung metastases from rectal cancer (a clinical case)

The paper describes a clinical case of successful treatment in a female patient with disseminated rectal cancer by minimally invasive technologies that could perform one-stage simultaneous intervention into the rectum and lung, which promoted rapid patient rehabilitation and reduced systemic chemotherapy initiation time

Electronic properties and phase transitions in low-dimensional semiconductors

We present the first review of the current state of the literature on electronic properties and phase transitions in TlX and TlMX2 (M = Ga, In; X = Se, S, Te) compounds. These chalcogenides belong to a family of the low-dimensional semiconductors possessing chain or layered structure. They are of significant interest because of their highly anisotropic properties, semi- and photoconductivity, non-linear effects in their I-V characteristics (including a region of negative differential resistance), switching and memory effects, second harmonic optical generation, relaxor behavior and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. We review the crystal structure of TlX and TlMX2 compounds, their transport properties under ambient conditions, experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure, transport properties and semiconductor-metal phase transitions under high pressure, and sequences of temperature-induced structural phase transitions with intermediate incommensurate states. Electronic nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in the above-mentioned compounds, as well as relaxor behavior, nanodomains and possible occurrence of quantum dots in doped and irradiated crystals is discussed.Comment: 70 pages, 38 figure

The Relation Between the Surface Brightness and the Diameter for Galactic Supernova Remnants

In this work, we have constructed a relation between the surface brightness ($\Sigma$) and diameter (D) of Galactic C- and S-type supernova remnants (SNRs). In order to calibrate the $\Sigma$-D dependence, we have carefully examined some intrinsic (e.g. explosion energy) and extrinsic (e.g. density of the ambient medium) properties of the remnants and, taking into account also the distance values given in the literature, we have adopted distances for some of the SNRs which have relatively more reliable distance values. These calibrator SNRs are all C- and S-type SNRs, i.e. F-type SNRs (and S-type SNR Cas A which has an exceptionally high surface brightness) are excluded. The Sigma-D relation has 2 slopes with a turning point at D=36.5 pc: $\Sigma$(at 1 GHz)=8.4$^{+19.5}_{-6.3}$$\times10^{-12}$ D$^{{-5.99}^{+0.38}_{-0.33}}$ Wm$^{-2}$Hz$^{-1}$ster$^{-1}$ (for $\Sigma$$\le3.7\times10^{-21}$ Wm$^{-2}$Hz$^{-1}$ster$^{-1}$ and D$\ge$36.5 pc) and $\Sigma$(at 1 GHz)=2.7$^{+2.1}_{-1.4}$$\times$ 10$^{-17}$ D$^{{-2.47}^{+0.20}_{-0.16}}$ Wm$^{-2}$Hz$^{-1}$ster$^{-1}$ (for $\Sigma$$>3.7\times10^{-21}$ Wm$^{-2}$Hz$^{-1}$ster$^{-1}$ and D$<$36.5 pc). We discussed the theoretical basis for the $\Sigma$-D dependence and particularly the reasons for the change in slope of the relation were stated. Added to this, we have shown the dependence between the radio luminosity and the diameter which seems to have a slope close to zero up to about D=36.5 pc. We have also adopted distance and diameter values for all of the observed Galactic SNRs by examining all the available distance values presented in the literature together with the distances found from our $\Sigma$-D relation.Comment: 45 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical and Astrophysical Transaction

ЛЕЧЕНИЕ БОЛЬНОГО РАКОМ СИГМОВИДНОЙ КИШКИ С СОЛИТАРНЫМ МЕТАСТАЗОМ В ЛЕГКОЕ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЛАПАРОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ И ТОРАКОСКОПИЧЕСКОЙ МЕТОДИК (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)

A clinical case of a sigmoid cancer patient with solitary lung metastasis is discussed in this article. Use of minimally invasive surgical technologies allowed to perform a simultaneous combined surgery on abdominal and thoracic cavities and improve rehabilitation time and time to systemic chemotherapy initiation. In presented clinical case patient was comorbid with stage III obesity, which was considered as a contraindication to laparoscopic surgery for a long time.В статье описан клинический случай лечения больного диссеминированным раком сигмовидной кишки с использованием мини-инвазивных технологий, позволивших произвести одномоментное комбинированное оперативное вмешательство на грудной и брюшной полости, что способствовало реабилитации пациента в кратчайшие сроки и своевременному началу системной химиотерапии. Особенностью данного случая является наличие у больного сопутствующего заболевания – ожирения III степени, долгое время считавшегося противопоказанием для выполнения лапароскопических операций

Колоректальный рак с синхронными метастазами в легких: клинические характеристики, лечение, прогноз

Objective: to evaluate the impact of cytoreductive surgery on treatment results in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous lung metastases.Materials and methods. This retrospective investigation analyzed the results of therapy in patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous lung metastases who had been treated in the period 2000 to 2012. The investigators studied the following indicators: the impact of cytoreductive surgery on the survival of patients with this condition, the clinical characteristics of a group of patients with isolated lung involvement, the dissimilarity of this group from a group of patients with extrapulmonary metastases, the possibility of performing complete cytoreductive surgery in patients with varying degrees of a metastatic process, and the number of patients with complications in primary tumor.Results. The investigations included the data of 112 patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous lung metastases. Out of them, 38 (33.9 %) patients had isolated lung involvement and the latter was associated with extrapulmonary metastases in 74 (64.1 %). In 16 of the 38 patients, isolated lung metastases were regarded as resectable and complete cytoreductive surgeries were performed. The median follow-up in the examined group was 15.2 months. One- and two-year overall survival rates were 63 and 45 %, respectively. The patients with isolated lung metastases were observed to have higher 2-year overall survival rates than those with multiple metastases (63.0 and 37.5 %, respectively; p = 0.055) and there were significantly higher 2-year overall survival rates in patients after removal of primary tumors than in those who had not undergone cytoreductive surgery (21.0 and 52.5 %, respectively; p = 0.004). Two-year overall survival rates were 72.5 % in the complete cytoreductive treatment group.Conclusion. The prognosis in the patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous lung metastases was better than that in those with isolated lung involvement and in those whose primary tumor had been removed. Complete cytoreductive surgical treatment can provide long-term survival in this category of patients.Цель исследования – оценить влияние фактора выполнения циторедуктивных операций у больных колоректальным раком с синхронными метастазами в легкие на результаты лечения.Материалы и методы. В ретроспективном исследовании анализировали результаты терапии больных колоректальным раком с синхронными метастазами в легкие, проходивших лечение в период с 2000 по 2012 г. Изучали следующие параметры: влияние циторедуктивных операций на выживаемость пациентов с колоректальным раком с метастазами в легкие, клиническую характеристику группы пациентов с изолированным метастатическим пораженим легких, ее отличия от группы больных с внелегочными метастазами, возможности проведения полных циторедуктивных операций у пациентов с различной распространенностью метастатического процесса, число больных с осложнениями первичной опухоли.Результаты. В исследование вошли данные 112 пациентов с колоректальным раком с синхронными метастазами в легкие. Из них у 38 (33,9 %) было изолированное поражение легких, а у 74 (66,1 %) оно сочеталось с наличием внелегочных метастазов. У 16 из 38 больных изолированные метастазы в легкие были расценены как резектабельные и были выполнены полные циторедуктивные операции. Медиана наблюдения в исследуемой группе составила 15,2 мес. Однолетняя общая выживаемость – 63 %, 2-летняя – 45 %. Наблюдали тенденцию к более высокой 2-летней общей выживаемости у больных с изолированными метастазами в легкие по сравнению с множественными (2-летняя общая выживаемость 63,0 и 37,5 % соответственно; р = 0,055), достоверно более высокая 2-летняя общая выживаемость – при удалении первичной опухоли по сравнению с пациентами, которым не были выполнены циторедуктивные операции (21,0 и 52,5 % соответственно; р = 0,004). В группе больных, которым было выполнено полное циторедуктивное лечение, 2-летняя общая выживаемость составила 72,5 %.Выводы. Прогноз больных колоректальным раком с синхронными метастазами в легкие лучше в группе с изолированным поражением легких и при удалении первичной опухоли. Полное циторедуктивное хирургическое лечение может обеспечить долгосрочную выживаемость у данной категории пациентов

Симультанное лапароскопическое и торакоскопическое вмешательство при раке прямой кишки с метастазом в легкое (клиническое наблюдение)

The paper describes a clinical case of successful treatment in a female patient with disseminated rectal cancer by minimally invasive technologies that could perform one-stage simultaneous intervention into the rectum and lung, which promoted rapid patient rehabilitation and reduced systemic chemotherapy initiation time.В статье описан клинический случай успешного лечения больной диссеминированным раком прямой кишки с использованием малоинвазивных технологий, позволивших провести одномоментное симультанное оперативное вмешательство на прямой кишке и легком, что способствовало быстрой реабилитации пациентки и сократило интервал времени до начала системной химиотерапи