Adaptive frequency domain identification for ANC systems using non-stationary signals

The problem of identification of secondary path in active noise control applications is dealt with fundamentally using time-domain adaptive filters. The use of adaptive frequency domain subband identification as an alternative has some significant advantages which are overlooked in such applications. In this paper two different delayless subband adaptive algorithms for identification of an unknown secondary path in an ANC framework are utilized and compared. Despite of reduced computational complexity and increase convergence rate this approach allows us to use non-stationary audio signals as the excitation input to avoid injection of annoying white noise. For this purpose two non-stationary music and speech signals are used for identification. The performances of the algorithms are measured in terms of minimum mean square error and convergence speed. The results are also compared to a fullband algorithm for the same scenario. The proposed delayless algorithms have a closed loop structure with DFT filterbanks as the analysis filter. To eliminate the delay in the signal path two different weights transformation schemes are compared

Problems of Assimilation of Borrowings Belonging to Different Language Families

Borrowing is an evolving phenomenon within language involving the dynamic interaction between two languages: the borrowing language and the language from which elements are borrowed. The assimilation process is central to the borrowing language, presenting a multifaceted challenge. The primary concern arises from assimilation unfolding through distinct stages, each marked by notable phonetic and grammatical transformations in the lexical-terminological unit.This article addresses the complexities of assimilation, shedding light on its degrees, levels, and underlying principles. The main aim of this investigation is to delve into the intricate process of assimilation in language borrowing. The study elucidates the degrees, levels, and fundamental principles of assimilation by examining linguistic materials from diverse systems. By doing so, the research aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of how borrowed elements undergo phonetic and grammatical changes as they assimilate into the borrowing language. Ultimately, the investigation seeks to contribute valuable insights to the broader field of linguistic evolution and cross-cultural influences, thereby advancing our understanding of the dynamic interactions between languages. Drawing upon linguistic materials from diverse systems, the study endeavours to comprehensively understand the intricacies of assimilating borrowed elements. By exploring the nuances of this process, the research aims to contribute valuable insights to the broader discourse on linguistic evolution and cross-cultural influences

An Adaptive Scheme to Estimate Unknown Parameters of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

This paper deals with tracking control problem for six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) nonlinear quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A virtual control design using PD controller is proposed for tracking control position. The rotational dynamics of UAV is considered to have several unknown parameters such as propeller inertia, rotational drag coefficient and an external disturbance parameter. To handle this issue, an adaptive scheme using the certainty equivalence principle is developed. The basic idea behind this scheme is to cancel the nonlinear term by applying a similar nonlinear structure in the feedback control design. The unknown parameters are replaced by estimated parameters generated by adaptation law. The rigorous theoretical design and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller

What Every Cardiologist Should Know about H1N1?

The world is witnessing ever fastest growing pandemic with high morbidity and mortality that excessive volume of airline travels spread influenza infection; so physicians with various specialties should know and consider the impact of current pandemic on their daily practice. Among influenza A viruses that infect humans, an influenza A virus emerged that had shifted to H1N1. Primarily, the results of pandemic of H1N1 were in younger humans without preexisting immunity. Attack rates of swine influenza are relatively high, but mortality is relatively low and mortality rate is highest in the very young, the very old, and the immunosuppressed. In this new pandemic, there is not more evidence of the interface of H1N1 with chronic diseases; however, we expect that the Swine flu such as the previous influenza pandemics can change the course of many chronic diseases

Grammar Teaching Revisited: EFL Teachers between Grammar Abstinence and Formal Grammar Teaching

Abstract: The study of English language teachers’ cognitions and its relationship to teachers’ classroom practices have recently been the focus of language teaching and teacher education (Borg, 2006 & 2010). However, rarely have the studies delved into teachers’ knowledge about grammar (reviewed by Borg, 2001) or investigated the relationships between teachers’ knowledge about grammar and teachers’ actions (Borg, 2003; Sanchez, 2010). Moreover, these studies have been mostly conducted by English native speaker researchers who do not necessarily have the same cultural or linguistic background of the participants in the studies (Andrew, 2001 cited in Sanchez, 2010, p. 45). Also, they are largely confined to English native speaker teachers and few have addressed non-native speaker teachers in countries where English is a foreign language (Sanchez, 2010, p. 45). In response to these gaps in the area of second language teaching, this study investigates four English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers’ views about grammar teaching to give an aggregate picture of the way they teach grammar. The research database consists of audio-recordings of these teachers’ lessons and interviews in which they explain why they adopt a deductive or an inductive approach, how they teach grammar and how they respond to students’ errors. Implications for non-native EFL teacher education are also discussed

Can doubling the maintenance dose of clopidogrel prevent from early stent thrombosis after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention?

<p class="abstract"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Treatment of significant coronary artery disease with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) seems better than angioplasty balloon; because the incidence of restenosis is lower in this method, however, a serious complication of PCI is stent thrombosis which would lead to repeated myocardial infarction (MI) and increase the mortality and morbidity. One of the frequent medications which is used to prevent from stent thrombosis is clopidogrel, but, stent thrombosis was seen in many of the patients despite given the conventional dosage of this drug. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of doubling the maintenance dose of clopidogrel to prevent from early stent thrombosis, MI and mortality rate.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS:</strong><strong> </strong>This was a clinical trial study which was done in Shahid Chamran Hospital in winter 2010 in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 400 patients with PCI were prospectively followed-up for 30 days. All the patients were randomly allocated into two groups. The control group received a maintenance dose of 75 mg clopidogrel while the case group received 150 mg clopidogrel after the initial dosage of 600 mg for 30 days after the PCI.&nbsp; The incidence of primary outcome such as total mortality was recorded during the study.</p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS:</strong> Early stent thrombosis was observed in 4 patients (1%) (One subject in the control group and 3 in the case group) during the first 30 days after PCI, but the difference was not significant between the two groups (p = 0.62). Mortality due to stent thrombosis occurred in 2 patients in the case group which showed no significant difference in this group (p = 0.5). In addition, MI occurred in 2 patients (1 in each group) which also showed no significant difference between the two groups (p = 1). Drug complication such as major bleeding had no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.9).<strong></strong></p> <p class="abstract"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The present study showed that doubling dose of clopidogrel could not reduce the incidence of early stent thrombosis, mortality and myocardial infarction in comparison with conventional dosage; therefore it is recommended that more studies be done in Iranian and Asian race for clinical decision-making to prevent form stent thrombosis using high dose of clopidogrel.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Primary coronary intervention, Early stent thrombosis, Clopidogrel, Coronary stenting.</p

Model development and energy management control for hybrid electric race vehicles

A Hybrid Electric Vehicle longitudinal dynamics model for the control of energy management is developed. The model is implemented using Simulink and consists of a transitional vehicle speed input parameterized by, for example, the New European Driving Cycle. It is a backward looking model in that engine and motor on/off states are determined by the controller, dependent on wheel torque requirements and output targets. The objective of the simulation is to calculate tractive effort and resistance forces to determine longitudinal net vehicle force at the road. This article addresses model development and initial investigations of its dynamic behaviour in order to establish appropriate energy management strategies for the Hybrid Electric system. In particular, All Wheel Drive, Front Wheel Drive and Rear Wheel Drive drivetrain architectures are evaluated to determine minimum fuel usage and battery state of charge. The use of a logic controller allows a reduction of simulation time and ensures accurate results for charge depletion and harvesting. Simulated fuel consumption is within 1% of actual usage