Lymphoma and the Microenvironmental Cross-Talk between Sex Hormone Receptors and Epstein-Barr Virus in Predicting Lymphoma Clinical Status

Lymphoma is a significant clinical entity because of its high incidence and complicated etiology and pathology. In this chapter, we discussed lymphoma in general and made focus in our previous studies in which we found unique features linking the interaction of EBV with sex steroid hormones in lymphoma cells. Sex steroid hormones included estrogen receptor and progesterone receptors that were investigated for their expression in malignant lymphoid cells. The localization of EBV in malignant lymphoid cells was also investigated. The two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, were investigated for the interaction of EBV with sex steroid hormones. Unique features were obtained in terms of a bridge-linking estrogen receptor with EBV in Hodgkin lymphoma and progesterone receptor with EBV in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The interactions between EBV and lymphoma are classic, but the reasons beyond this are not well established. The results of our studies highlighted new features by the existence of expressed sex steroid receptors. We think that the dissociation of combination between sex steroid hormones and EBV bears the link to design new therapeutic strategies for lymphoma

MEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: REVIEW ARTICLE

This review article purposes to focus on the roles associated with activated charcoal (AC). While AC is mainly associated with treatment of poisoning substances, it has other important roles in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease which enhances the outcome of renal dialysis. We also indicated to the use of AC in providing protection for workers against vapors in working atmosphere through the use of charcoal cartridge. AC has potential roles in removal of heavy metals from environment particularly water. AC has therapeutic and environmental applications due to its large surface area. Taken together, AC various applications which have to taken seriously to offer benefits other than being used for treating poisoning substances

The Use of Aspirin for the Treatment of Malignancies: Review Study

The present review study reviewed the literature for the possible therapeutic roles of aspirin against tumors. Aspirin has various therapeutic properties among which is the anti-inflammatory property. Epidemiological studies have proved the efficacy of long term use of aspirin in reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer by up to 30%, and the cancer risk as well. Although no exact mechanism has been entirely proposed so far to explain the antineoplastic effect of aspirin against cancer, two mechanisms have been under focus, the first is related to its anti-inflammatory properties which are thought to suppress the inflammatory mediators and to inhibit carcinogenic mechanisms, and the other mechanism is through the deactivation of COX2. We would like to raise the possibility for aspirin to be regularly involved in preventive mechanisms

Importance And Implementation Of Nursing Documentation: Review Study

This study was conducted to review the literature about nursing documentation. We presented the importance and implementation of nursing documentation. The importance of this topic has been realized here, in Jordan, and the Ministry of Health has recently started application of electronic documentation systems. Nursing documentation can be either paper based or electronic based documentation. Paper based documentation has been described not meet the required standards. We argued the standards of nursing documentation that should be met including completeness, clearing, and concision

Physiological Interactions Of Calcium And Vitamin D In Colon

This study aimed to review the literature about possible physiological interactions of calcium and vitamin D in colon. Previous studies have indicated to protective effects of vitamin D and calcium in case of colon cancers. We wanted to check the physiological effects of both of vitamin D and calcium, and either of each of them alone. We suggested effects of metabolism through induction of changes in the levels of various biomarkers that have influences in carcinogenesis including p53, heat shock proteins, iNOS and WT1 gene

PATIENT'S SAFETY CULTURE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS: REVIEW ARTICLE

This study was conducted to review the literature towards patient's safety culture in terms and applications. Patient's safety is an essential component of healthcare quality. Even with continuous alertness, health care providers face many challenges in today’s health care environment in trying to keep patients safe. Patient's safety is now a required subject that can provide feedback to the healthcare systems with the possibility of implementing improvement measures based on the identification of specific problems. The culture of patient's safety can be analyzed at different levels of the healthcare system, through identifying strengths and weaknesses that configure the way that healthcare professionals think, behave and approach their work. Continuous evolutions in healthcare increase the importance of establishing and maintaining a culture of patient's safety. Therefore research on safety culture is needed to raise awareness about the role of culture in promoting a safer environment. Patient's safety culture examines how the perceptions, behaviors, and competencies of individuals and groups determine an organization’s commitment, style, and proficiency in health and safety management and it is used by organizations to determine targets for interventions to improve patient's safety, evaluate the success of patient's safety interventions, fulfill regulatory requirements, and conduct benchmarking. Patient's safety culture is approached from different perspectives or dimensions such as reporting the frequency and severity of incidents, which so far are not taken into account by hospital staff. In this sense, an ongoing commitment must exist by management to promote and facilitate the culture of patient's safety by providing the necessary tools to identify the most prevalent cultural pattern

IS THE ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP COMMITTMENT PRINCIPLE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT TQM PRINCIPLE ON HOSPITAL EFFECTIVENESS?

Total Quality management (TQM) has many principles, and the objective of this study was to determine highest TQM principle which has the greater impact on overall hospital effectiveness as perceived by healthcare professionals working in accredited governmental hospitals in Jordan. A study survey instrument, designed to measure the impact of applying TQM principles on overall hospital effectiveness, then to find out the greater TQM principle which influence more the overall hospital effectiveness, Study questionnaire was administered to the healthcare professionals in the five governmental accredited hospitals in Jordan, The data collection where 1290 questionnaires. The response rate was 83.6% of the total questionnaires distributed. TQM principles were: Leadership commitment to quality, Customer focus, Continuous improvement, Teamwork, Employee involvement, and education and training. Multiple regression analysis using Beta Coefficient conducted, the result shows that the greater TQM principle which affects the overall hospital effectiveness organization leadership commitment to quality and the least was education and training

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OBESITY AND DIETARY INTAKE OF OBESE AND PRE-OBESE FEMALE STUDENTS – AJA CAMPUS HAIL UNIVERSITY

Globally obesity has reached to epidemic proportions, and the people of the Gulf countries have also affected, especially high income, oilproducing countries. Recent data clearly indicate a high prevalence of adult obesity particularly in women in the Kingdom. This paper aims to identify the relationship between obesity and dietary intake of obese and pre-obese female students in Hail University–KSA. Descriptive analytical approach was used in this paper. BMI was calculated and related to dietary intake using food frequency questionnaire. Results shows prevalence of obesity grades was n(%); 43(43%) obesity grade I, 17(17%) obesity grade II, and 8(8%) were grade III obesity. Thirty one subjects were pre-obese and only one subject was overweight. Basic food groups consumption as stated in frequency per week revealed that: female students consumed more servings (>6 times/ week ) of fruits; vegetables; and dairy products, alternatives, sweets and candies, eggs, legumes, rice macaroni and other starch foods, non-alcoholic beverages. Whereas they consumed less servings (≤Once/ week) of breads, fruit juices, carbonated drinks and potato. The majority of the subjects 65% ate chicken with rice (Kabsa) as staple food, whereas 4% ate other starchy food. High consumption of energy dense foods might be responsible for increased deposition of calories in the form adipose tissue. Conclusion: It is crucial to enumerate awareness programs to modify dietary behavior and eating habits of female students and Hail community with respect to food intake. This will be effective in the treatment of obesity, especially in Saudi Arabia