Investigate the Customer's Understanding of the Billboard Advertisements

The topic of this project is INVESTIGATE THE CUSTOMER'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE BILLBOARD ADVERTISEMENTS. The main purpose of this study focuses on the issue of investigating whether understanding of pictorial, text, and overall message and Keller model for Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (A.R.C.S) differ by gender, race, and age. This study was conducted on a different billboards located in Kedah State, Malaysia. The study also emphasises that both Gestalt theory and visuals on billboard have a dimensional effects in terms of the image, text, and overall messages of the billboards. The findings reported that there were significant differences in understanding of pictorial elements and overall messages by gender with females reporting significantly higher means than males, but there was no significant difference in understanding of textual elements by gender, race, and age. Meanwhile, the result indicated that the mean scores of females towards understanding billboards were significantly highe

Vibrations of a Single Degree Freedom System

The purpose of the present experiment is to analyse the effect of damping, mass and spring on a system The objectives of the presented experiment are as follows - To determine the natural frequency of the single-degree of freedom (SDOF) system. - To determine the damping parameters of the dashpot. - To determine the effects of damping, mass, and stiffness on the system response. - To compare the measured results with simulated results in Simulink

Two Axis Solar System

For several hours of service, stationary solar energy systems produce less than their maximum power output. This is because solar panels produce their highest peak power while they are perpendicular to the sun's light, which occurs only for a brief period of time during the day while the panel is stationary. Solar tracking systems have been around for a long time and solve this problem. Some systems use light sensor arrays to monitor the sun's light intensity, while others depend on mathematical models with no external sensors that simply set the angle of the panel at specific times during the day. This project's engineering design phase is split into two semesters, with the first semester's design process having already been detailed in the first article. The aim of this document is to show how to develop, test, and analyse a low-cost solar tracking system primary design that best addresses the problem statement

Reservoir Characterization and Modeling of The Permian Wolfcamp and Bone Spring Formations in Wolfbone Field, Southeast Delaware Basin, West Texas, USA

The west of Texas and New Mexico Permian Basin is defined as a complex sedimentary system which is placed in the Marathon-Ouachita Orogenic Belt’s Foreland. It extends across 52 counties with an area of 75,000 square miles with a width of approximately 250 miles and a length of 300 miles composed of more than 7,000 fields. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon generation started about 100 years ago in the Permian Basin. The U.S. Energy Information Administration stated that the Basin’s contribution to the entire U.S. hydrocarbon production was around 18% in 2013 and approximately 20% in 2017 including almost 9% of the entire U.S. dry gas production. Though, the study area is located southeast of Delaware Basin within the Giant Permian Basin, at Pecos County, Texas, USA. The subsurface data were taken from seven vertical wells that cover an area of almost 40 square miles targeting Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations. The intention of this research is to focus on the Delaware Basin, one of the Permian Basin’s sub basins, by delivering a 3D geological model that illustrates an implementation of a field development strategy on both Unconventional Wolfcamp and Bone Spring Formations. The steps include interpreting the subsurface petrophysical and geomechanical data to identify sweet spots for the landing of horizontal wells as well as estimating the hydrocarbon’s volumetric in our area of interest. Nevertheless, total organic carbon content ‘TOC’ is the most important parameter in terms of determining the hydrocarbon storage in unconventional resources. Since geochemistry data analysis is not available and mineralogy and elemental analysis are also absent, the hydrocarbon in place was estimated based on water saturation and porosity. Our result shows that the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp formation have an estimated ultimate recovery ‘EUR’ of 1.5 billion barrel of oil ‘BBO’ and 500 million barrel of oil ‘MMBO’ respectively as a total resource assessment. However, cut off values have been assigned to find the best tier in the field for original oil in place ‘OOIP’ calculation. The net/gross is determined by applying suitable reservoir parameters cut offs so that uneconomic or unproductive zones are not included. These cut offs are applied to porosity above or equal to 5%, water saturation equal or less than 40 % and brittleness index greater or equal to 30%. Thus, the EUR of the best areas in the field for Bone Spring and Wolfcamp formations are calculated to be around 786 million barrel of oil ‘MMBO’ and 276 million barrel of oil ‘MMBO’, respectively. Moreover, the best landing zones of both formations were mainly associated with organic rich mudstone that shows an average porosity of greater than 10% and water saturation less than 20%

The effect of COVID-19 on the characteristics of adult emergency department visits:A retrospective cohort tertiary hospital experience in Riyadh

BACKGROUND: On March 2, 2020, Saudi Arabia identified the first positive COVID-19 case. Since then, several aspects of the COVID-19 impact on Emergency Departments (EDs) use have been reported. The objective of this study is to describe the pattern and characteristics of Emergency Department visits during the COVID-19 pandemic period, compared with the same period in the previous year, including the patients’ demographic information, acuity level, length of stay, and admission rate. METHODS: Data were collected from King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The health records of all the patients who presented at the Emergency Department from January 2019 to September 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The variations in the patient and the visit characteristics were described for the periods before and during COVID-19. RESULTS: The records of 209,954 patients who presented at the Emergency Department were retrieved. In contrast to 2019, the number of visits during the pandemic period reduced by 23%. A dramatic decrease was observed after the announcement of the first COVID-19 diagnosed case in Saudi Arabia, and subsequently the numbers gradually increased. The patients who presented at the Emergency Department during the pandemic period were slightly older (mean age, 43.1 versus 44.0 years), more likely to be older, more urgent and had a higher admission rate compared to the pre-pandemic period. There was a slight increase in visits during the daytime curfew hours and a decrease during the nighttime. CONCLUSION: We report a considerable decrease in the number of Emergency Department visits. The reduction was higher in non-urgent and less urgent cases. Patients presenting at the Emergency Department during the curfew times were more likely to stay longer in the Emergency Department and more likely to be admitted, compared with the pre-pandemic period

Use of novel oral anticoagulants for Treatment of cerebral venous sinus Thrombosis: a case series and follow up

Thrombosis of cerebral venous sinuses and/or cortical veins (CVST) is an infrequent type of stroke for which anticoagulation is considered standard of treatment. However, 40% of CVST patients have evidence of parenchymal changes like edema or haemorrhage on neuroimaging which complicates use of anticoagulation in such cases. Therefore, Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) are recently being used for treatment of CVST as they are associated with half the risk of intracerebral haemorrhage as caused by vitamin K antagonist. Case reports and case series have reported use of NOACs in CVST with good outcomes both clinically and radiologically. We report use of NOACs in five cases of CVST without any worsening or recurrence of symptoms or complication on follow up

The road to developing standard time for efficient nursing care : a time and motion analysis

(1) Background: The amount of time nurses spend with their patients is essential to improving the quality of patient care. Studies have shown that nurses spend a considerable amount of time on a variety of activities––which are often not taken into account while estimating nurse-to-patient care time allocation––that could potentially be eliminated, combined or delegated with greater productivity. The current study aimed to calculate standard time for each activity category by quantifying the amount of time required by nurses to complete an activity category and determine the adjustment time that can be given during work, as well as determine factors that can be altered to improve the efficiency of nursing care on inpatient general wards of a governmental hospital. (2) Method: A time and motion study was conducted over two weeks using 1-to-1 continuous observations of nurses as they performed their duties on inpatient general wards, while observers recorded each single activity, and specifically the time and movements required to complete those activities. (3) Result: There was 5100 min of observations over 10 working days. Nurses spent 69% (330 min) of time during their 8 h morning shift on direct patient care, (19.4%) ward/room activities (18%), documentation (14%), indirect patient care (12%) and professional communication (5%). Around 94 min of activities seem to be wasted and can be potentially detrimental to nurses’ overall productivity and threaten patient care quality. The standard number of hours that represents the best estimate of a general ward nurse regarding the optimal speed at which the staff nurse can provide care related activities was computed and proposed. (4) Conclusions: The findings obtained from time–motion studies can help in developing more efficient and productive nursing work for more optimal care of patients. © 2023 by the authors

Intradural extramedullary spinal cord meningioma with a rare extradural foraminal extension: A case report

BackgroundMeningiomas are mostly benign and slow-growing neoplasms of the central nervous system. Spinal meningiomas account for up to 45% of all intradural spinal tumors in adults and up to 25%–45% of all spinal tumors. Spinal extradural meningiomas are rare and may be easily confused with malignant neoplasms.Case descriptionA 24-year-old woman was presented to our hospital with paraplegia and loss of sensation in the T7 dermatome and lower body. MRI findings showed T6-T7 right-sided intradural extramedullary and extradural lesion, measuring 1.4 cm × 1.5 cm × 3 cm, extending to the right foramen, compressing the spinal cord, and displacing it to the left. Hyperintense lesion on T2 and hypointense lesion on T1 were observed. The patient reported improvement after surgery and during follow-up. We recommend maximizing the decompression during surgery to achieve better clinical outcome. Extradural meningiomas represent 5% of all meningiomas; therefore, having an intradural on top of extradural meningioma with extraforaminal extensions makes this a unique and rare case.ConclusionMeningiomas can be easily missed in diagnosis depending on imaging and the pathognomonic pattern it represents, which can mimic other pathologies, such as schwannomas. Therefore, surgeons should always suspect their patient having a meningioma even if the pattern is not typical. Moreover, preoperative preparation, such as navigation and defect closure, must be taken in case it turns out be a meningioma instead of the presumed pathology

Assessment of sleep quality, post-traumatic stress disorder, and locus of control in motor vehicle accident survivors

BackgroundHigh incidence of Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs) in Saudi Arabia and the established link between MVA and related psychological factors necessitate a survey of the prevalence of MVA and associative factors. AimsTo investigate the relationship between sleep patterns, locus of control, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among MVA survivors at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 334 patients with MVA admitted cases, and patients who visited outpatient clinics. In addition to basic demographic information and driving history, PTSD severity, sleep quality, and locus of control were assessed using a validated PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C), Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (LCS), and items taken from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Association between the variables was analysed using the Chi-Square test.ResultsPrevalence of moderate to severe PTSD was 39.2 per cent. No association between PTSD severity and involvement in an MVA was found. Women had significantly higher scores PTSD lower internal locus of control scores. The majority of the respondents reported fairly good to very good sleep quality, although 18 per cent admitted to having a driving impairment or hindrance in completing other daily activities due to inadequate sleep in the past month. Regarding trouble staying awake while driving, a significant correlation was found with powerful others (p=0.026) and chance (0.019).ConclusionNo correlation was found between PTSD severity, poor sleep, locus of control and MVA in this study, although high rates of PTSD necessitate valid identification and treatment of patients at risk