Effect of Exercise on Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems in Rat Kidney Tissue with Hyperthyroidism

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased oxidative tissue damage. The aim of this study is to investigate whether if there is any protective effect of a regular endurance exercise on oxidative stress in kidney tissues of rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. Twenty-three male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control, hyperthyroid, exercise and, hyperthyroid with exercise. Hyperthyroid was induced in rats by subcutaneous injections at a dosage of 250 µg L-thyroxine per kg body weight and hyperthyroidism was confirmed by the measurements of TSH, FT3 and FT4 in serum. Endurance training lasted 8 weeks and consisted of 45 minutes daily treadmill running at a speed of 23 m/minute for 5 days a week. The levels of MDA, GSH and, GSH-Px activity were measured in kidney homogenates. MDA level of the hyperthyroid group was significantly higher than those of the control group(p=0.022). On the other hand, the MDA level of the exercise group was significantly lower than the MDA level of the hyperthyroid group (p=0,001). GSH level and GSH-Px activities were lower in the hyperthyroid group comparing the control group (p<0.05). GSH level and GSH-Px activity in the exercise group were higher than compared with the hyperthyroid group (p<0.05). The results of our study show that L-thyroxine injection may increase oxidative stress by causing lipid peroxidation at kidney tissues and endurance training may decrease oxidative stress. Keywords: Endurance training, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, hyperthyroidism, kidney tissue, malondialdehyde DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/70-05 Publication date: April 30th 202

Sequential Colocalization of ERa, PR, and AR Hormone Receptors Using Confocal Microscopy Enables New Insights into Normal Breast and Prostate Tissue and Cancers

Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) use markers staining different cell populations applying widefield optical microscopy. Resolution is low not resolving subcellular co-localization. We sought to colocalize markers at subcellular level with antibodies validated for clinical diagnosis, including the single secondary antibody (combination of anti-rabbit/mouse-antibodies) used for diagnostic IHC with any primary antibody, and confocal microscopy. We explore colocalization in the nucleus (ColNu) of nuclear hormone receptors (ERa, PR, and AR) along with the baseline marker p63 in paired samples of breast and prostate tissues. We established ColNu mIHCF as a reliable technique easily implemented in a hospital setting. In ERa+ breast cancer, we identified different colocalization patterns (nuclear or cytoplasmatic) with PR and AR on the luminal epithelium. A triple-negative breast-cancer case expressed membrane-only ERa. A PR-only case was double positive PR/p63. In normal prostate, we identified an ERa+/p63+/AR-negative distinct population. All prostate cancer cases characteristically expressed ERa on the apical membrane of the AR+ epithelium. We confirmed this using ERa IHC and needle-core biopsies. ColNu mIHCF is feasible and already revealed a new marker for prostate cancer and identified sub-patterns in breast cancer. It could be useful for pathology as well as for functional studies in normal prostate and breast tissuesThis study has been supported by projects from the State Research Agency (AEI), and Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, MINECO-FEDER PID2019-110437RB-I00 (to CVA) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)-FEDER PI19/01316 (to JMCT). Financial support code: ED431G 2019/02 from the Xunta de Galicia and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund - ERDF) to the Centro singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2019-2022 is gratefully acknowledgedS

Gas Transport Properties of the Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-Assisted Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Thin-Film Composite Membranes

The current study summarizes the findings of single-gas transport performances of mixed matrix thin-film composite membranes consisting of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporated into a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1). Mg-MOF-74, MIL-53, TIFSIX-3, and Zn2(bim)4 were investigated as stand-alone materials and as incorporated into the PIM-1 polymer matrix serving as a selective layer of thin-film composite membranes by various methods: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of MOF loading and nature on the mixed-matrix membrane morphology and operation were analyzed by varying the MOF content in the polymer matrix from 2 to 10 wt % with respect to the dry polymer weight. The results show that the incorporation of MOFs into the PIM-1 polymer matrix boosts the permeance and selectivity of H2 and O2 over N2, and the prepared PIM-1/TIFSIX_4 mixed matrix membrane shows better separation performance for CO2/CH4 than pure PIM-1. Such membranes can be good candidates for ammonia purge gas, oxygen enrichment, and acid gas treatment applications

Investigations of the Influence of Chlorine Contained Aromatic and Maleimide Compounds on the Structure of the Vulcanizates Net on the Base of Polyblend and the Creation Technology of Heat and Radiation Durable Materials

Abstract The structural parameters (mоlеculаr mаss, plasticity, number оf chains' nеt and cross-linked molecules) of thermal vulcanizers on the basis of butadiene-nitrile rubber and polyvinyl chloride blends were studied by viscosity and sоl-gеl аnаlуsis methods. Аn alteration оf polаr groups content (-С≡N, С=О, С-Сl) and unsaturation оf thermal and thermal irradiated vulcanizers were investigated. According to alterations of residual deformation's accumulation, relaxation of tension and equilibrium modulus in air and in fuel, the properties оf elastomers were established at temperature (373-473K) and radiation (1000-2000 kGy) aging

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon): determination of chemical composition and evaluation of their antimicrobials and anticancer activities

The eco-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) using biological materials is an encouraging and innovativeness approach to nanotechnology. Among other synthesizing methods, biological methods are chosen because of their high efficiency and purity in many aspects. In this work, using the aqueous extract obtained from the green leaves of the D. kaki L. (DK); silver nanoparticles were synthesized in a short time and simply with an eco-friendly approach. The properties of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized using various techniques and measurements. In the characterization data of AgNPs, Maximum absorbance at 453.34 nm wavelengths, the average size distribution of 27.12 nm, the surface charge of −22.4 mV, and spherical appearance were observed. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to assess the compound composition of D. kaki leaf extract. The chemical profiling of the crude extract of D. kaki leaves revealed the presence of a variety of phytochemicals, predominantly phenolics, resulting in the identification of five major high-feature compounds: two major phenolic acids (Chlorogenic acid and Cynarin), and tree flavonol glucosides (hyperoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin-3- D-xyloside). The components with the highest concentrations were cynarin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3- D-xyloside, hyperoside, and quercetin-3-glucoside, respectively. Antimicrobial results were determined by a MIC assay. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the human and food pathogen Gram (+ and −) bacteria and good antifungal activity against pathogenic yeast. It was determined that 0.03–0.050 μg/mL concentrations ranges of DK-AgNPs were growth suppressive concentrations on all pathogen microorganisms. The MTT technique was used to study the cytotoxic effects of produced AgNPs on cancer cell lines (Glioblastoma (U118), Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), Human Ovarian Sarcoma (Skov-3) cancer cell lines, and Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) healthy cell line). It has been observed that they have a suppressive effect on the proliferation of cancerous cell lines. After 48 h of treatment with Ag-NPs, the DK-AgNPs were found to be extremely cytotoxic to the CaCo-2 cell line, inhibiting cell viability by up to 59.49% at a concentration of 50 g mL−1. It was found that the viability was inversely related to the DK-AgNP concentration. The biosynthesized AgNPs had dose-dependent anticancer efficacy. Because of the high concentration of bioactive chemicals in Diospyros kaki, it may be employed as a biological resource in medicinal applications. DK-AgNPs were shown to be an effective antibacterial agent as well as a prospective anticancer agent. The results provide a potential approach for the biogenic production of DK-AgNPs utilizing D. kaki aqueous leaf extract

The effects of exercise on kidney oxidant and antioxidant systems in rats with experimental hyperthyroidism

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Serum apelin and ADMA levels in type 2 diabetics with and without vascular complications

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic and chronic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia, and that is the major causes of various micro and macrovascular complications. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), formed by the hydrolysis of proteins containing methylated arginine residues, is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which oxidize L-arginine to citruline and nitric oxide (NO), related to hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia. Apelin is a recently discovered peptide, present in a number of tissues and play role in insulin sensitivity improvement. In this study, our aim was to determine the levels of apelin and ADMA with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 diabetic patients with or without vascular complications. Methods: This study included (a total of) 59 diabetic patients. Of the patients, 30 were diabetic with complications, and 29 without complications. In serum samples obtained from the patients, serum ADMA and apelin levels were measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: Our study totally enrolled 59 patients in two groups. No significant differences were found in sex, age, HbA1c and glucose levels among groups. Apelin and ADMA levels of group with complications were lower than those of group without complications, but no statistically significant difference of apelin and ADMA levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study have been showed no statistically significant relationship present between ADMA-apelin levels and complications of T2DM. Further studies involving larger patients populations and healthy controls should be done to clarify the pathogenetic significance of apelin and ADMA in diabetic vascular complications. (C) 2016 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Effect of functional groups on the thermal degradation of phosphorus- and phosphorus/nitrogen-containing functional polymers

In the present study the thermal behavior of phosphorus- and phosphorus/nitrogen-containing functional polymers was studied. The polymers were synthesized via oxidative chlorophosphorylation reaction of butadiene rubber and were subsequently subjected to hydrolysis, aminolysis and/or alcoholysis in order to introduce appropriate functionalities. The successful modifications of the polymer and presences of the respective functional groups were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the product of hydrolysis of the modified butadiene rubber contains acidic groups in its structure while the products of aminolysis and alcoholysis contain both acidic and amine and/or alcohol-derived moieties. The kinetic analyses of the thermal decomposition reaction were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and subsequently Friedman and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall methods revealing three-stage degradation process. Calorimetric measurements were performed for the studied polymers, and mass spectrometric analyses were used to identify the decomposition products for phosphorus-containing polymer. The overall results allowed to reveal the influence of the attached phosphorus- and phosphorus/nitrogen-containing functional groups to the thermal degradation of the cross-linked polymers

Covalently Modified Graphene Oxide and Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) in Mixed Matrix Thin-Film Composite Membranes

Abstract In this study, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) incorporated in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) serving as a polymer matrix have been fabricated by dip-coating method, and their single gas transport properties were investigated. Successfully surface-modified GOs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of FGO loading on MMM morphology and performance was investigated by varying the FGO content in polymer matrix from 9 to 84 wt.%. Use of high FGO content in the polymer matrix helped to reveal difference in interaction of functionalized fillers with PIM-1 and even to discuss the change of FGO stiffness and filler alignment to the membrane surface depending on functional group nature