Pelayanan Kesehatan Perinatal di Daerah Pedesaan Ujung Berung

A survey on perinatal care in a rural area at Ujung Berung district, located 15—20 km outside Bandung, West Java was conducted. Three villages with a population of 40,787 were selected. Health services were provided by one health post and several family planning posts. In this study 1303 pregnant women were followed throughout the 28 weeks of pregnancy until the infant is 28 days of age. Among the 1303 pregnant women 5.7% had received tetanus toxoid immunization. Perinatal mortality rate (PMR) was 43.6 per thousand and incidence of low birth weight was 14.3 percent. Only 12.8% pregnant women were using some kind of contraception before the last pregnancy. The PMR decreased in spite of the low percentage users. The main causes of death during perinatal period vece asphyxia neonatorum and infections. The incidence of tetanus neonatorum during neonatal period was 17 per thousand live births. An evaluation of health service activities showed 47.5% of these pregnant women had antenatal care. Care during delivery and early postnatal period was carried out by TBAs. No significant difference was found between the PMR of trained and untrained TBAs. Another aspect of health service activities is referral to the health centre or hospital. A total of 3.8 percent infants were referred because of neo­natal problems; among these, refusal was 12.5% due to the totalistic attitude of the parents in the village. The results showed that coverage of pregnant women and their infants by safe health care services is very low. This may be due to lack of facilities and health personnel, and probably also due to the confidence of village people for traditional health care providers. Thus, education and training as well as supervision of traditional health care providers and their integration into the formal health care structure is of extreme importance

The Attitude, Knowledge and Behaviour of Traditional Birth Attendants in a Rural Area, Ujung -Berung, West Java

Telah dilaksanakan suatu penelitian mengenai pengetahuan, sikap dan perbuatan dari para dukun bayi di desa Ujung Berung, yang letaknya kira-kira 15 km dari Bandung. Dukun yang diteliti berjumlah 45 orang dan 11 di antaranya telah mendapat latihan dari Dinas Kesehatan setempat. Metoda penelitian yang dipakai ialah wawancara, observasi langsung dan pengumpulan data morta­litas dan morbiditas. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dukun yang terlatih mempunyai pengetahuan dan sikap yang lebih baik daripada dukun yang tidak terlatih, namun tindakannya masih banyak yang tidak berbeda dengan cara tradisional. Frekuensi tetanus neonatorum misalnya masih tinggi pada bayi yang ditolong dukun terlatih. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dari pekerjaan dukun terlatih diperlukan bimbingan dan pertemuan berkala yang lebih teratur dari petugas kesehatan setempat

Are fishers happier? An evidence from a large-scale Indonesian happiness survey

Almost all recent empirical literatures that study the subjective wellbeing of fishers lack of relevant control as they are only based on surveys among fishers. Therefore, they cannot really answer whether being a fisher generate higher or lower life satisfaction, after controlling for other aspects of life. This study is based on Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), a survey of almost 20,000 individuals which contain information of various socio-economic and employment characteristics as well as several life-satisfaction question which include their subjective happiness (generally how happy they are with the scale from 1 to 4) and their subjective position on economic ladders (5 ladders, from poorest to richest). For the economic ladders they are also ask their current and their future position from which we can infer how optimistic they are in their life. From the data, we can also identify whether an individual work as a fisher or other type of occupations within the category of self-employed without worker, self-employed with worker, unpaid family worker, and casual worker. We apply ordered-probit regressions (given the nature the life satisfaction data). We find that, after controlling income, demographics, education, health and regional characteristics, fishers in general are not happier compared to other type of jobs except those under the category of self-employed with workers and casual workers. However, we find that fishers are more optimistic in life as being a fisher is associated with positive attitude toward the change in the economic status

Growth diagrams of Indonesian children The nationwide survey of 2005

Background Reference curves of growth have been developed in many countries based on cross-sectional data. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended an international reference which is based on the growth standards developed within the United States during the 1970s. In general these growth references are used in Indonesian pediatric clinics although it is known that these references are not appropriate for this population with a different ethnic background. In order to evaluate reliably Indonesian chil- dren with growth disorders reference standards based on mea- surements in Indonesian children are necessary. Objective To make a standard growth chart for Indonesian chil- dren especially with regards to height, weight, and head circum- ference from a healthy Indonesian infants and children, age 0-18 years. This standard charts were compared to CDC growth charts. Methods Weight and height and head circumference were taken from children with age ranging from birth up to 18 years. All sub- jects were recruited from 7 different parts of Indonesia. The age grouping for children from 0-1 years old was based on 3-month interval, while for children older than 12 months was based on a 6- month interval. The study was cross sectional. Results There were 34 800 children (17 229 boys and 17 571 girls) included in this study with age ranging from 0 up to 18 years. Graphs were presented for weight for age, supine length for age, head circumference for age in male and female infants, and weight for height and height for age in boys and girls 1-18 years. Comparson of the results of this study with the CDC data were presented as a graph. Conclusion The standard charts for Indonesian children based on weight for height, supine length for height and head circumfer- ence for age were presented in graphs for children 0-1 year, weight for height and height for age for boys and girls 1-18 years old. All children were compared to CDC growth charts and there exists a mean difference of -1.47 SDS for boys and -1.43 SDS for girls

The emergence of political homophobia in Indonesia: masculinity and national belonging

This paper explores an unprecedented series of violent acts against 'gay' Indonesians beginning in September 1999. Indonesia is often characterized as 'tolerant' of homosexuality. This is a false belief, but one containing a grain of truth. To identify this grain of truth I distinguish between 'heterosexism' and 'homophobia,' noting that Indonesia has been marked by a predominance of heterosexism over homophobia. I examine the emergence of a political homophobia directed at public events where gay men stake a claim to Indonesia's troubled civil society. That such violence is seen as the properly masculine response to these events indicates how the nation may be gaining a new masculinist cost. In the new Indonesia, male-male desire can increasingly be construed as a threat to normative masculinity, and thus to the nation itself. © Routledge Journals, Taylor and Francis Ltd