Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension based on ACC/AHA versus JNC7 guidelines in the PERSIAN cohort study

In this cross-sectional population-based study, we used the baseline data of the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN cohort study collected in Iran from 2014 to 2020. The main outcomes were the prevalence of hypertension and proportion of awareness, treatment, and control based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline compared to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7). Of the total of 163,770 participants, aged 35–70 years, 55.2% were female. The sex-age standardized prevalence of hypertension was 22.3% (95% CI 20.6, 24.1) based on the JNC7 guideline and 36.5% (31.1, 41.8) based on the ACC/AHA guideline. A total of 24,312 participants [14.1% (10.1, 18.1)] were newly diagnosed based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Compared to adults diagnosed with hypertension based on the JNC7 guideline, the newly diagnosed participants were mainly young literate males who had low levels of risk factors and were free from conventional comorbidities of hypertension. About 30.7% (25.9, 35.4) of them (4.3% of the entire population) were eligible for pharmacologic intervention based on the ACC/AHA guideline. Implementation of the new guideline may impose additional burden on health systems. However, early detection and management of elevated blood pressure may reduce the ultimate burden of hypertension in Iran

EFFECT OF EXPECTED VOLATILITIES IN STOCK RETURN ON ACCRUALS OF WORKING CAPITAL

Abstract. Investors invest their cash funds in common shares of profit units basically toachieve more cash and make more profit. According to the theory of representation, the two groups ofowners and managers are opposite. Given the asymmetry of information available between the managers of a company and the beneficiaries in the company's activities, the investment process in the company is based on confidence. But managers use their own choice of accounting methods to increase their wealth (Dechow & Ge, 2006). It is in these circumstances that choices of managers will be important for investors, because reported corporate profits are considered as one of the important criteria for decision making and as the most important criteria for the assessment of performance and the determination of the value of aneconomic establishment. It is always used by a wide range of users such as shareholders, investors, stockbrokers etc

Investigation of the Effects of Viscoelastic Support Properties Simulated by the Generalized Kelvin-Voigt Model on the Axial Vibration of a Rod

The application of Viscoelastic (VE) supports in order to dampening dynamic forces and energy dissipation has been investigated herein. Properties of viscoelastic substances are important in the quality and quantity of the dissipation. The viscoelastic materials were described using the generalized Kelvin-Voigt mechanical model and the resulting governing equations were solved using the finite element method in time domain. To investigate the effects of the viscoelastic characteristics of supprots on axial vibration, dynamic and quasi-steady analysis of a rod subject to axial step excitations was carried out. Finally, some important criteria were presented to improve the performance of these substances in energy dissipation. In addition, axial vibration of an elastic and a viscoelastic rod with end and middle VE supports subject to harmonic excitations were investigated. It reveals that the use of VE supports considerably damps out structural vibrations, especially at low frequencies. Whereas in high frequencies, the amount of the energy dissipation depends on the retardation times of the Kelvin-Voigt elements

Fluid-Structure Interaction in Transient-Based Extended Defect Detection of Pipe Walls

This paper investigates the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on the efficiency of transient-based reflections analysis (TBRA) applied to the detection of extended deteriorations in a reservoir-pipe-valve system. A waterhammer-with-FSI solver, based on the method of characteristics (MOC) and the finite-element method (FEM), is used and validated against available numerical and experimental results. Analytical expressions for the magnitudes of pressure reflections caused by FSI are derived. They tell how the system parameters affect FSI. The results obtained for the considered situation reveal that both pipe wall vibration (FSI) and pipe wall deteriorations may affect transient pressure in a similar, and possibly indistinguishable, way. Neglecting FSI in TBRA would skew the estimated locations, lengths, and numbers of the deteriorations in systems with considerable pipe wall axial vibration, thus making TBRA a more complicated method in flexible pipe systems

Thermodynamic fluid characterization of an Iranian oil reservoir

To achieve the best simulation model, fluid thermodynamic modeling and reservoir fluid characterization are basic steps, in which laboratory data should be validated and matched with a proper model. A proper fluid model can avoid expensive PVT experiments. In this paper, a case study is presented using PVT properties of live fluid samples obtained from one of the southwest Iranian oil reservoirs which resulted in a more accurate understanding of the reservoir. The model was used to investigate the effect of different hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gas injection streams into the reservoir. In this paper, PR (Peng-Robinson) equation of state was selected as the best equation to attain the good agreement matching. For splitting the heavy fraction of crude oil, different critical property correlations were studied and the Twu correlation was found to be the best one. Volume shift of C12-C32 and Omega A were more sensitive for matching the experimental data with model. Another sensitive parameter is hydrocarbon interaction coefficient. The average error of CCE tests is 0.013401 and the average error of DL tests is 0.034204 which results in error equal to 0.029003 totally. As a result of this study, an excellent agreement achieved between experimental data and tuned model

Willingness to pay for one quality-adjusted life year in Iran

Abstract Background Recent years have witnessed a strong tendency to apply economic evidence as a guide for making health resource allocation decisions, especially those related to reimbursement policies. One such measure is the use of the cost-effectiveness threshold as a benchmark. This study explored the threshold for use in the health system of Iran by determining society’s preferences. Methods A cross-sectional household survey based on the contingent valuation method was administered to a representative general population of 1002 in Tehran, Iran from April to June 2015. The survey was intended to estimate the respondents’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) preferences for one quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The valuation scenarios featured 12 vignettes on mild to severe diseases that can change people’s quality of life. The mean of WTP for QALY was estimated using different health instruments, and the determinants of such willingness were analyzed using the Heckman selection model. Results WTP for QALY varied depending on the severity of a disease and the instrument used to determine health preferences. Mean low health state value were associated with high valuation. The best estimated WTP values ranged from US$1032 to US$2666 and 0.22–0.56 of Iran’s local gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in 2014. Except for educational level, significant variables differed across different disease scenarios. Generally, a high health state valuation for target diseases, high income, high educational level, and being married were associated with high WTP for QALY. Conclusion From the general public’s perspective, the monetary value of QALY for mild to severe diseases with no risk of death was less than one GDP per capita. Therefore, the obtained valuation range is recommended as reference only for the adoption of interventions designed to improve quality of life. Future studies should estimate the threshold of interventions for life-threatening diseases or formulate transparent policies in such contexts

Challenges toward Sustainability? Experiences and Approaches to Literary Tourism from Iran

Interdisciplinary narrative studies are of great importance in several disciplines, especially in the humanities and social sciences. Cultural tourism and its sub-disciplines, including the complex issue of ‘literary tourism’, is an interdisciplinary field of investigation, positioned in between geography and urban–rural studies. In Iran, this form of tourism has been neglected so far—with no distinction between urban and rural areas—despite a particularly rich literary heritage. The present study recognizes the challenge of literary tourism in Iran, delineating some possible actions to develop it as a future engine of economic growth, especially in rural districts. As a contribution to a refined comprehension of literary tourism development paths, a content analysis was run collecting views and textual data on literary tourism in Iran. The empirical results of this study indicate that the mentioned challenges can be classified into several main dimensions and a broader set of sub-themes. The possible actions responding to such challenges can be classified into more dimensions and a vast number of sub-themes. Actions reducing territorial disparities and fueling entrepreneurship in local communities are appropriate to stimulate the emergence (and, possibly, consolidation) of literary tourism districts in Iran, giving an original contribution to sustainable development especially—but not exclusively—in rural settlements

Challenges toward Sustainability? Experiences and Approaches to Literary Tourism from Iran

Interdisciplinary narrative studies are of great importance in several disciplines, especially in the humanities and social sciences. Cultural tourism and its sub-disciplines, including the complex issue of ‘literary tourism’, is an interdisciplinary field of investigation, positioned in between geography and urban–rural studies. In Iran, this form of tourism has been neglected so far—with no distinction between urban and rural areas—despite a particularly rich literary heritage. The present study recognizes the challenge of literary tourism in Iran, delineating some possible actions to develop it as a future engine of economic growth, especially in rural districts. As a contribution to a refined comprehension of literary tourism development paths, a content analysis was run collecting views and textual data on literary tourism in Iran. The empirical results of this study indicate that the mentioned challenges can be classified into several main dimensions and a broader set of sub-themes. The possible actions responding to such challenges can be classified into more dimensions and a vast number of sub-themes. Actions reducing territorial disparities and fueling entrepreneurship in local communities are appropriate to stimulate the emergence (and, possibly, consolidation) of literary tourism districts in Iran, giving an original contribution to sustainable development especially—but not exclusively—in rural settlements

Comparative study on the impact of ‘Infographic versus video feedback’ on enhancing students’ clinical skills in basic life support

Abstract Background Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training for nursing students is crucial for improving patient outcomes in cardiac arrest scenarios. This study assesses the impact of infographic versus video feedback on enhancing nursing students’ clinical skills in Basic Life Support (BLS). Methods In a randomized controlled setting, 76 nursing students at Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences were divided into two groups: one received infographic-based education and the other video feedback training. Pre- and post-intervention assessments measured knowledge and skill retention using validated questionnaires. Results Post-training, the infographic group showed significantly higher knowledge scores, while the video feedback group exhibited greater improvement in CPR skill performance. No significant differences were noted in pre-training assessment scores between the groups. Conclusion Infographic-based education enhances BLS knowledge retention, and video feedback improves practical CPR skills. This suggests potential benefits of a combined infographic and video feedback approach for optimizing CPR training outcomes, addressing a critical need in medical education

The Survey of relationship between Serum Resistin Level and Metabolic Syndrome Components in patients with and without this syndrome in Rafsanjan (2015)

Background &Objective: Resistin is an adipokin secreted from adipose tissue and immunity cells. Relationship between resistin and metabolic syndrome and its components is controversial. The aim of this study is measurement of serum resistin level, insulin resistance and other factors in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Materials & Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015, 56 availableperson including; 31subjects were enrolled as the study group and 25 subjects were recruited as the control group of the study. Serum resistin concentrations were measured by ELISA and its association with metabolic syndrome markers was measured. Data were Analyzed using independent T test, Pearson correlation Test and, Chi-squared Test Results: Serum resistin levels were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome subject compared with control group (p-value=0.002). Correlation analysis revealed body mass index (p=0.018; r=0.480), waist circumference (p=0.015; r=0.431), systolic blood pressure (p=0.008; r=0.467), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001; r=0.562), cholesterol (p=0.018; r=0.421) and LDL (p=0.003; r=0.515) were positively correlated with plasma resistin. Conclusion: Serum resistin levels are elevated in subjects with metabolic syndrome and are associated with some of its components in metabolic syndrome patients, resistin may be associated with the severity of this syndrome and its complications