Bone metabolism disorder in epileptic children

Background and Objective: There are frequent anti-epileptic drugs which are used in management of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic drugs may have some complications on bone and vitamin-D metabolism. In this study we aimed to Comparison of Bone metabolism disorder in epileptic children with health child in zahedanMethods: This case-control study was performed on bone metabolism disorder in epileptic children. Forty epileptic children was enetered to the study based on accessability scheme and 40 participants randomly selected for control group from those who were referred to the centers for rutine check up. Blood samples were collected from all participants to assess serum calcium, phosphorus, PTH, magnesium, vitamin D, calcium urine, serum albumin, creatinine random urine. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.Results: Of 40 epileptic children 23 (57.5%) and 17 (42.5%) were male and female respectively. The prevalence of low vitamin D was 37.5% for patients compared to 12.5% for controls (chi-square = 6.667 and p= 0.010).  Of 80 participants, 15 individuals had abnormal PTH level which is distributed of 2 and 13 for patients and control groups respectively (chi-square = 9.928 and p= 0.002).   In the cases of Ca and Mg their levels were similar in both patients and controls.  The status of the parameters in the classification of normal and abnormal assessed based on number of medications intake resulted that number of medications intake  had not effect on the parameters status.Conclusion: our study, like previous studies showed that in epileptic children, frequency of hyperparathyroidy and vitamin D deficiency increased

Comparison between Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide in Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is revealed with the left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. This study was performed to determine the level of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and controls and comparison of these two biomarkers in patients. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed from April 2014 to March 2015 on patients with DCM. The levels of BNP and CGRP were measured by ELISA and final amounts of biomarkers were compared with echocardiographic finding.37 DCM patients compared with 30 healthy children selected randomly from those who referred to the hospital for routine checkup. Results: In this study the mean age was 10.567± 5.50 and 12.135 ± 4.626 years for controls and cases, respectively (P=0.321). The majority of echocardiography indices in the left and right heart had different means in case and controls (

Clinical Signs and Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease in Pediatrics

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide medical condition with increasing frequency that impairs the quality of life of children. This study aimed to assess the clinical signs and causes of CKD in children in Zahedan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was run on 489 children up to 20 years with stages of 3 to 5 CKDs, in Zahedan during 2010-2019. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients’ parents. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 20 considering 0.05 as significant level. Results: Amongst the clinical manifestations, edema (16.4%), (FTT) (13.5%), urinary symptoms (12.3%) and vomiting (11.5%) were more common and congenital structural anomalies (41.7%) were the most common cause of hospital admission. From among the studied children with CKD, 65.8% had stage 5, about 44.4% had conservative treatment and in total, 19.00% died. Most of the laboratory parameters were different in death and survival cases, for instance, Systolic and diastolic BP were higher in deaths when platelet blood was lower. Main causes of CKD (congenital structural anomalies, cystic/hereditary/congenital disease, glomerular diseases, Renal Tubular Disease, unknown origin and stone) had a significant association with gender (X2=13.42, p=0.02), treatments (X2=70.77, p<0.001), stage of CKD (X2=40.31, p<0.001) and survival (X2=11.59, p=0.041). Stages of CKD had a significant relation with treatment (X2=118.18, p<0.001), and survival (X2=26.5, p<0.001). Conclusion: The causes of CKD were significantly associated with treatments, stage of CKD, and survival. Stages of CKD had significant associations with treatment and survival. Therefore, more attention to children with these signs is essential for early diagnosis and proper treatment

Evaluation of Gluten-free Diet on the Heart Functions in Children with Celiac Disease

Background Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune mediated gluten sensitive enteropathy and a chronic inflammatory condition caused by immune pathology in the small intestines in genetically susceptible individuals. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of gluten free diet on cardiac functions using conventional and Doppler tissue echocardiography (DTE) in children with CD compared to controls. Materials and Methods  This case-control study was conducted on 107 children with CD and 45 healthy children. The study was performed in the Ali Ebne Abi Talib hospital, affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan (ZaUMS), Iran. After considering exclusion criteria, participants underwent echocardiography. Data were analyzed through SPSS software version 20.0. Results: Results showed that tTG-IgA was different in participants. Left MPI was different in control-positive (

Evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity of Urinary Tract Pathogens among Children in Zahedan, South East of Iran

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI), are the most frequent and serious infection in childhood around the world. The present study aimed to evaluate antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract pathogens among children in Zahedan, South East Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 396 patients aged 1-18 years with positive urine and suspected UTI. Gender and age of children, kind of isolated bacteria in urine culture, susceptibility and resistance of these bacteria to current antibiotics were studied. Bacterial growth for more than 105 CFU/ml was considered as positive. Data analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results The most common age of urinary tract infection were < 1 year and 1-7 years for boys and girls, respectively, and the variation of sex distribution was significant in different age groups (P = 0.003). The most prevalent cause of UTI was Escherichia coli(E.coli) (77%), in total ages and both gender, afterward was Enterobacter (8.1%) and Klebsiella (7.1%). E.coli sepsis was highly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (74.7%), ciprofloxacin (72.5%), and amikacin (64.6%), both highly resistant to trimethoprim and sulfametoxazole (74.8%), ampicillin (66.9%), and nalidixic acid(51.1%); and its resistance to ceftriaxone was increasing. Conclusion  In this study resulted that E. coli was the first responsible pathogen in proven culture of UTI in children, which was increased in resistance to popular antibiotics like Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprimand Nalidixic acid. In several countries, emphasize the need for local population specific surveillance for guiding empirical therapy for UTI in children

Clinical and Socioeconomic Factors Associating with Opium Poisonings in Children and Adolescents

Background: Use of opium and derivatives is one of the major health, psychosocial and socioeconomic problems and can lead to complications for societies. The present study aimed to assess clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with the poisonings by Opium and its Derivatives (O&D) in children and adolescents. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out to review the recorded clinical information of children and adolescents admitted to the pediatric emergency department of the Ali Ibn Abi Talib Hospital due to acute poisoning by O&D during a seven-year period since 2014. Demo-economic information was taken from the patient’s guardians at the time of discharge. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 20 considering 0.05 as the significant level. Results: From among 227 poisoned children, 50.7% were female and 75.8%, 8.8% and 15.4% were in age groups of <8 year, 8-12 and 12-18 years, respectively. About 42.7% of the children poisoned by industrial substances, compared to the traditional substances. Respectively, 87.7%, 11% and 1.3% of the children were poisoned accidentally, intentionally, and due to family challenges or schooling problems. Variables of the children’s gender, age, and father’s age were associated with self-poisoning. The samples’ heart rate, blood pressure and seizure were affected by the type of narcotic. Conclusion: Overall, the majority of poisoned children were girls and young. Those with very young and very old parents had more tendency to self-poison due to family challenges. Types of narcotic substances significantly correlated with irregular changes in the size of the pupil, heart rate, blood pressure and seizure

Head Trauma Patients Presented To Emergency Department; an Epidemiologic Study

مقدمه: صدمات تروماتیک مغزی یکی از مهمترین علل مرگ و میر و معلولیت هستند. با در نظر گرفتن تناقضات متعدد جهت ترخیص بیماران با ضربه به سر به خصوص صدمات تروماتیک مغزی خفیف، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اپیدمیولوژیک صدمات تروماتیک مغزی طراحی شده است. روش کار: در این مطالعه مقطعی گذشته نگر، بیماران با ترومای منحصر سر، بدون فاکتورهای مخدوش کننده و همه آنها که تحت سی تی اسکن سر قرار گرفتند، با نمونه گیری در دسترس وارد این مطالعه شدند. اطلاعات دموگرافیک و تشخیص نهایی این بیماران از پرونده های بالینی استخراج و مورد تحلیل آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 21 و تست های آماری متناسب قرار گرفت. يافته ها: 786 بیمار با میانگین سنی 8/16 ± 24 سال (دامنه: 75-5/0) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند (8/67 درصد مرد). 42 بیمار (3/5 درصد) سی تی اسکن مغز غیرطبیعی داشتند و بستری شدند. از بین این 42 بیمار، 7 نفر (7/16 درصد بیماران بستری، 3/3 درصد بیماران کم خطر و 9/0 درصد کل بیماران) در دسته ی کم خطر از جهت احتمال وجود ضایعه مغزی قرار داشتند. 12 نفر (5/1 درصد) از بیماران به عمل جراحی احتیاج داشتند که از این میان 2 نفر (9/0 درصد) از بیمارانی بوده اند که جزو دسته کم خطر طبقه بندی شده بودند. استفراغ در بیماران با اسکن غیرطبیعی (2/45 درصد)  به طور معنی داری بیشتر از بیماران با اسکن طبیعی (6/19 درصد) بود (p = 0/001 ). در سایر علائم اختلاف معنی داری بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد. نتيجه گيری: با توجه به یافته های این مطالعه، می توان نتیجه گرفت که با تصمیم گیری بر اساس علائم بالینی صرف احتمال خطا در مدیریت حدود 3/3 درصد بیماران مبتلا به ترومای سر وجود دارد. همچنین حدود 9/0 درصد از بیمارانی که در دسته کم خطر طبقه بندی شدند در نهایت به .عمل جراحی احتیاج پیدا کردندIntroduction: Traumatic brain injuries are among the most important causes of mortality and disability. Since there is a lot of controversy regarding discharge of head trauma patients, especially those with mild traumatic brain injuries, this study was designed aiming to evaluate traumatic brain injuries from an epidemiologic point of view. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients with isolated head trauma, and all those who underwent computed tomography (CT) were included using convenience sampling. Demographic data and final diagnosis of the patients were extracted from their medical profile, and were analyzed using SPSS 21 and appropriate statistical tests. Results: 786 patients with the mean age of 24 ± 16.8 years (range: 0.5 – 75) were evaluated (67.8% male). 42 patients (5.3%) had abnormal CT scan and were hospitalized. 7 of them (16.7% of hospitalized, 3.3% of low-risk, and 0.9% of all patients) were in the group categorized as low-risk regarding probability of brain injuries. 12 (1.5%) participants needed surgery, 2 of which (0.9%) were initially categorized as low-risk. Vomiting was significantly more in patients with abnormal CT scan (45.2%) compared to those who had normal CT scan (19.6%) (p = 0.0001). No significant difference was detected between the 2 groups in other symptoms. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that by making decisions based on clinical findings alone, there is a probability of about 3.3% error in management of head trauma patients. In addition, 0.9% of the patients initially categorized as low-risk, needed surgical intervention in the end.

Spatiotemporal clustering of suicide attempt in Kermanshah, West-Iran

BackgroundA suicide attempt is a major societal problem because it imposes high costs on societies worldwide. This paper analyses the spatiotemporal clustering of suicide attempt in Kermanshah, Iran from 2006–14.MethodsThis study draws on 18,333 individuals (7,234 males and 11,097 females) who attempted suicide across the Kermanshah province. Data was collected from the records of individuals registered in hospitals across the Kermanshah province between 2006 and 2014. Mean Center, Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE), Moran’s I and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) in Arc/GIS10.6 software were used for the analysis of the spatial distribution of suicide attempt, while the chi-squared test in SPSS was used to examine the different demographic variables between groups within/outside spatial clusters of suicide.ResultsThe results show that a total of 18,331 suicide attempts (39.46% male and 60.53% female) were reported between 2006 and 2014 in the Kermanshah province. The spatial pattern of suicide attempts was clustered in 16 clusters (6 high clusters and 10 low clusters) and statistically significant differences were found within and outside the hotspots of suicide attempts. Most hot spots were formed in and around cities. Younger people were at a greater risk. The rate of suicide attempts reduced in illiterate people and increased in people with university degrees. Unmarried people were associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt than was married status for both males and females.ConclusionThe results of this study could help public health practitioners and policymakers in Iran prioritize resources and target efforts for suicide attempt prevention

Classifying and Estimating the Position, Orientation, and Dimensions of Primitive Objects

Robotic systems are moving toward more interaction with the environment, which requires improving environmental perception methods. One of the concepts of simplifying the perception of the environment used frequently in various fields of robotics, significantly solving the grasping challenge, is the concept of primitive objects. After reviewing the available related resources and datasets, we could not find a suitable dataset for our purpose, so we decided to create a dataset to train deep neural networks to classify a primitive object and estimate its position, orientation, and dimensions described in this report. This dataset contains 8000 virtual data for four primitive objects, including sphere, cylinder, cube, and rectangular sheet with dimensions between 10 to 150 mm, and 200 pieces of practical data of these four types of objects. Practical data are provided by Intel Realsense SR300 3D camera, and virtual data are generated using the Gazebo simulator. Raw data are generated in .pcd format in both virtual and practical types. Data labels include values of the object type and its position, orientation, and dimensions

A mild and highly efficient Friedländer synthesis of quinolines in the presence of heterogeneous solid acid nano-catalyst

A simple highly versatile and efficient synthesis of various poly-substituted quinolines in the Friedländer condensation of 2-aminoarylketones with carbonyl compounds and β-keto esters using Montmorrilonite K-10, zeolite, nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia (SZ) as a catalyst in ethanol at moderate temperature. The advantages of methods are short reaction times and milder conditions, easy work-up and purification of products by non-chromatographic methods. The catalysts can be recovered for the subsequent reactions and reused without any appreciable loss of efficiency