The Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Persian shallot(Allium Hirtifolium boiss) on Albumin Glycation

زمینه و هدف: هیپرگلیسمی دیابتی باعث قندی شدن پروتئین‌های بدن و به نوبه خود موجب تغییر در ساختمان و عملکرد آن ها می‌گردد. برخی از عوارض بیماری دیابت از جمله نفروپاتی و رتینوپاتی به دلیل واکنش قندی شدن غیر آنزیمی پروتئین‌ها است. یکی از راه‌های درمانی برای مهار این واکنش، شکستن پیوند قند-پروتئین با استفاده از ترکیبات موجود در گیاهان دارویی می باشد. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی موسیر ایرانی (Allium hirtifolium) بر مهار واکنش قند دار شدن آلبومین و توانایی شکستن پیوند آلبومین و گلوکز انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه آزمایشگاهی تأثیر غلظت‌های 1/0، 2/0، 5/0، 1 گرم بر دسی لیتر از عصاره موسیر ایرانی در دو حالت مختلف:الف) مهار واکنش قندی شدن آلبومین ب) تاثیر آن بر شکستن پیوند آلبومین و گلوکز در زمان‌های 72،48،24 و 144 ساعت بررسی گردید. میزان قندی شدن با روش تیوباربیتوریک اسید سنجیده شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و سپس آزمون توکی استفاده گردید. 05/0P < نمایان گر اختلاف معنی دار بود. یافته‌ها: عصاره هیدروالکلی موسیر ایرانی در غلظت‌های 1/0 و 2/0 باعث مهار واکنش قندی شدن آلبومین شد. به عبارت دیگر تمامی غلظت‌های مورد استفاده، پیوند آلبومین و گلوکز را شکستند که بیش‌ترین تأثیر، در زمان‌های 72 و 144 ساعت پس ازتیمار با عصاره موسیر در غلظت 5/0 گرم بر دسی لیتر مشاهده شد .میزان شکستن پیوند، ارتباط مستقیم با زمان تیمار داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که موسیر ایرانی مانع از قندی شدن آلبومین شده و پیوند بین آلبومین و گلوکز را می‌شکند.بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود که تحقیقات بالینی بیشتر جهت ارزیابی اثر موسیر ایرانی بر کاهش قندی شدن آلبومین انجام شود

Better isolation, proliferation and differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells using human serum

Mesenchymal stem cells have many applications in medicine. Attention to the proliferation and differentiation of stem cell differentiation is an important issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of optimal isolation, proliferation, and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) using human serum. Human serum (HS) was obtained from the venous blood of eight healthy individuals. The rate of proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs and expression of surface markers was assessed by flow cytometry. Bone differentiation was assessed using Alizarin Red staining. Data were analyzed using statistical software. Over time, HS showed more proliferation than fetal bovine serum (FBS) -enriched cells (p <0.05). Differentiation of ADSCs cells ls in HS-enriched medium is faster and more pronounced than differentiation in the control group. The expression of surface markers in the medium containing HS was the same as the medium containing FBS where the expression levels of CD105 and CD95 were found to be positive and the expression of CD34 and CD45 was negative. Due to the better proliferation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells in the medium containing HS than FBS, it is suggested that human serum be used in future clinical studies. Also, HS is healthier, safer, more accessible, and more affordable than FBS

The Relation between Dietary Patterns and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders among Iranian Military Men

Background: Assessing the relation between dietary habits and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is less investigated among military personnel. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of certain eating patterns and FGIDs in Iranian army men. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 600 army personnel working in Kerman ground forces military station number 05, Iran. Participants were asked to define their weekly breakfast consumption, lunch intake time, and chewing efficiency. FGIDs were categorized as four groups including functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC) and functional diarrhea (FDi) diagnosed by Rome Ш criteria. Relation between variables was assessed through crude and multiple stepwise adjusted models. Results: The prevalence of FD, IBS, FC, and FDi in our study was 20%, 32.3%, 3%, and 53.2%, respectively. After adjustment of all potential confounding variables, more weekly breakfast consumption was associated with decreased FDi prevalence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38–0.84, P = 0.005). Slowly lunch consumption declined prevalence of IBS (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.84, P = 0.02). Individuals chewing their meals well had a lower percentage of IBS, FC, and FDi (OR: 0.53, 95% CI = 0.33–0.83, P = 0.006; OR: 0.24, 95% CI = 0.06–0.89, P = 0.03; and OR: 0.52, 95% CI = 0.34–0.79, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions: This study suggested that increasing breakfast intake, slowly lunch consumption, and better food chewing could be effective decreasing FGIDs' prevalence and increasing army crews' quality of lives and work efficiency. Further studies required to confirm this relationship and define accurate pathophysiological mechanisms

Mapping the Important Communicable Diseases of Iran

Background: Although notable advances in disease prevention have been accomplished, communicable diseases are still important at the international scale. Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted about the epidemiology of communicable diseases in Iran, but less attention has been paid to generating an atlas of all disease. Some experts believe that mapping diseases such as malaria is the first step toward establishing early warning systems and managing disease control. In this manuscript, we tried to gather information about the communicable diseases of Iran in a geo-database, and draw maps with high accuracy. Methods: Initially reportable cases of diseases were gathered from the Iranian communicable disease control center. Then, these data were arranged in a geo-referenced database in the Arc-GIS software and then the related maps were generated. Results: Twenty five maps of communicable diseases were created in 2008. Some diseases like malaria had considerable foci and some other disease according to their condition did not have a considerable dispersion. Conclusion: Although the history of preparing an atlas of diseases goes back to the 19th century, papers about mapping diseases in Iran are restricted to single diseases or these atlases are not easily accessible. The present article is unique in this regard in Iran. Keywords: Mapping, Geographical Information System (GIS), Epidemiology, Communicable disease, Ira

Investigation Necessary Competencies for Life Long Learning in Medical Students

Introduction: Lifelong learning is a process in which individuals develop their knowledge, skills, and interest through learning opportunities in their life. This paper aimed to determine the required competencies for training medical students to acquire lifelong learning. Methods: In this qualitative study, purposeful sampling method and open-ended semi-structured interview were employed for data gathering. A population of 21 experts and teachers were interviewed. Data was analyzed using content analysis based on Krippendorff's approach. Member check and external observer methods were used for data credibility and authentication. Results: Based on the results of the study, 5 themes were emerged: “Knowledge and attitude towards dynamicity of science and medical sciences”, “Self directed learning”, “Evidence based medicine skill”, “Communication skills”, “Integrative and inter-professional learning skills”. Conclusion: With regard to the functionality and necessity of life-long learning in medical profession, curriculum developers could enjoy the outcome of the study to review the curriculum and equip their students with essential qualifications and finally train lifelong learners in medicine

Clinical application of a complex of blood pressure profile, arterial stiffness and albuminuria for cardiorenal risk assessment in diabetic patients

Background: In modern epidemiology, risk assessment is a crucial step in diabetes care. Clinic blood pressure reading though is not a good measurement for this purpose since both uncontrolled hypertension and white coat hypertension (WCH) are frequent among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Given the problems with clinical application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), in this study we evaluated clinical utility of home self measurement (HSM) with a wrist-cuff device in DM patients with hypertension to make a BP profile. Also, the clinical application of a complex of arterial study, albuminuria and blood pressure profile, in DM risk assessment was investigated. Methods and Materials: Seventy-eight adult DM patients with labile or uncontrolled hypertension were randomly assigned to 24 hour ABPM or HSM for 4 consecutive days and their BP profiles were evaluated in conjunction with an assessment of arterial stiffness and renal function as well as lipid profile. Results: The two groups were of comparable age, gender, BP, DM duration and control, smoking, lipids, renal function, arterial compliance and antihypertensive medication use. ABPM detected 33% WCH and 17.6% evening/night-time dipping, compared to 32% and 16% respectively for HSM, with overlapping 95% confidence intervals for day versus night BP regression coefficients. WCH patients had more compliant arteries as well as less albuminuria compared to the sustained hypertensive group. Conclusion: A complex of BP profile (by either ABPM or HSM), arterial compliance and albuminuria is a reliable and economical alternative to current methods for risk assessment in hypertensive diabetic patients

The Survey of relationship between Serum Resistin Level and Metabolic Syndrome Components in patients with and without this syndrome in Rafsanjan (2015)

Background &Objective: Resistin is an adipokin secreted from adipose tissue and immunity cells. Relationship between resistin and metabolic syndrome and its components is controversial. The aim of this study is measurement of serum resistin level, insulin resistance and other factors in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Materials & Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015, 56 availableperson including; 31subjects were enrolled as the study group and 25 subjects were recruited as the control group of the study. Serum resistin concentrations were measured by ELISA and its association with metabolic syndrome markers was measured. Data were Analyzed using independent T test, Pearson correlation Test and, Chi-squared Test Results: Serum resistin levels were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome subject compared with control group (p-value=0.002). Correlation analysis revealed body mass index (p=0.018; r=0.480), waist circumference (p=0.015; r=0.431), systolic blood pressure (p=0.008; r=0.467), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001; r=0.562), cholesterol (p=0.018; r=0.421) and LDL (p=0.003; r=0.515) were positively correlated with plasma resistin. Conclusion: Serum resistin levels are elevated in subjects with metabolic syndrome and are associated with some of its components in metabolic syndrome patients, resistin may be associated with the severity of this syndrome and its complications

Comparison The Activity Rate of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Obese with normal weight People

Background & Objective: Obesity is one of the most important global health priorities as far as it increases illnesses and disorders the life quality. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is the most abundant serum protease inhibitor and prevents tissue degradation through proteases. Hence, its defect or deficiency significantly increases the risk of various diseases. AAT may be involved in the development and complications of obesity. The present study then was performed to determine the activity of AAT in the obese people compared to those with normal weight. Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study, determining the AAT’s activity was performed through Trypsin-Inhibitor-Capacity (TIC) in healthy individual who were referred to the laboratory of Dr.Shariati in Fasa Hospital in April 2013. Serum of 150 people with normal weight (Body Mass Index, BMI, ranges between 18.5 and 24.9) and the serum of 140 obese people (BMI more than 30) were surveyed. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The serum amount of TIC in obese people (1.774±0.618 µmol/min/ml) was significantly lower than its amount in people with normal weight (3.047±0.498 µmol/min/ml) (P-value< 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between TIC and weight (P< 0.001, R=-0.686). In addition, no significant correlation was observed between TIC and age sex and height. Conclusion: The results showed that AAT in obese people was less in healthy individuals compared with the ones with normal weight. Therefore, it can be stated that AAT can be introduced as a clinical biomarker and be a potential target for treating obesity