Transfusions of packed red blood cells in the pathology of newborn

Sick newborns are at present the largest group of patients receiving blood products. Therefore packed red blood cells transfusion is one of the most common procedures performed in Intensive Care Units. However, in order to avoid unnecessary risk, and thus reduce the rate of adverse invents after transfusion, which are particularly common in this group of patients, there is a need to develop proper standards of administration. The aim of this study is to review the current scientific literature on transfusion of packed blood cells in different medical situations in neonates

Knowledge of young women concerning the impact of natural feeding on the growth and state of health of a baby

Introduction Proper nutrition in childhood has a huge significance for the optimal physical and psychical growth and good state of health of a baby. Natural feeding is admittedly the healthiest method of feeding infants. In spite of increased knowledge about the short and long-term benefits of feeding babies with human milk, the percentage of infants nourished only by breastfeeding is still too low. Knowledge about the health benefits of breast milk should be spread among young women. Objective The aim of the study was to attempt to discover how much knowledge young women have about the impact of natural feeding on the growth and state of health of a baby, as well as estimating the need for education in this area. Material and Methods Questionnaire study conducted in 2013 among 155 young women (average age 25.43±5.98 years) in Poland and in Belgium. Results Own studies show that natural feeding still needs promotion and support. Knowledge about this among respondents varied and was incomplete. Often, they did not know all the benefits of natural feeding. The majority of respondents were aware that breastfeeding influenced the growth and health of the baby, but they did not have full knowledge about it. The respondents also did not have sufficient knowledge about the advantages of natural feeding in subsequent adult life. Only a small percentage of respondents (15%) had good knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. A higher level of knowledge occurred among women living in Poland who were older, better educated, lived in cities, and had breastfed earlier. Conclusions A quite varied and not too high level of knowledge among young women about the benefits of natural feeding was observed, which points to the necessity of intensification of educational activities among them in this are

The role of selected mechanisms of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes

Understanding the important role of the non-specific immune response in protecting the body against the development of numerous diseases has become partially possible after the discovery of several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), such as Toll-like or NOD-like receptors. A group of cytoplasmic proteins called the inflammasome, which detect PAMP and DAMP through the PRR receptors, is able to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines and trigger an acute inflammatory reaction both in the extracellular and intracellular space. Low-grade systemic and local inflammation contributes to the development and progression of various conditions, including autoimmune and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, which until recently were not even considered inflammatory diseases. This review will discuss the role of innate immunity in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, focusing on the role of specific innate immunity receptors and insulin resistance involved in these diseases pathogenesis

Hospital infections - medical, legal, economic and ethical issues

The aim is to present factors that threaten the health and life of the patient staying in a hospital setting. Objects and tools that, as a result of human error, penetrate the patient's tissues and body cavities, cause a high risk of infection. These include surgical instruments, gynecological instruments, needles, syringes, catheters, and dressings. The requirements for the cleanliness of equipment, objects and tools are manifold, depending on the degree of risk of infection. The sterility of the equipment and tools is maintained thanks to the proper handling of the material before sterilization, properly carried out sterilization process, compliance with transport and storage rules. Analysis of deactivation conditions and assessment of its effectiveness provides a guarantee of prevention of nosocomial infections [4]

Clinical competencies of nurses and forms of postgraduate education

Introduction Over the last few years, the health care system has been transforming. The qualifications of medical staff are systematically improving due to the increasing pressure to raise the level of competence in line with the development of medicine and the expectations of healthcare recipients. Aim The aim of the study is the comparison of the clinical competence of the nurses whilst taking into the account the forms of postgraduate education. Material and research methods The study included 120 nurses aged 24-53 years, working in paediatric wards in Antoni Gębala University Hospital for Children in Lublin. The research tool was a questionnaire Belimage which contains 38 questions covering five areas: demographics, competence, nursing care, teamwork and care environment. Results The research demonstrates that the professional competence level of the respondents was the most significantly influenced by: practical experience and own reflections (85.00%), introduction in the current workplace (52.50%), sharing competence and experience with colleagues-nurses (tutorial guidance, working meetings, conversations) (51.67%). In the surveyed group, 100% of the respondents claimed that it was necessary to invest in various fields in order to optimize the level of nursing competence. The nurses who completed a specialization (43.48%) and higher education (79.17%) also evaluated the quality of care as excellent. Instrumental and technical competencies (4.50), as well as social and communication skills (4.20) are important for the nurses with Master’s degree. Conclusions It has been proven that practical experience and own perspectives have the biggest influence on the respondents’ professional competence level. Investing in various forms of postgraduate education and training, such as specialist courses and training, and university education, will optimize the level of nursing proficiency. Education, work experience and the time elapsed since graduation do not affect the assessment of the level of respondents’ competence. The survey participants with higher education, specialization and certificates of completed training, felt slightly more often that the quality of patient care on the ward is excellent

Analiza przyczyn biegunki ostrej u niemowląt jako wyznacznik profilaktyki pierwotnej i wtórnej = Analysis of the causes of acute diarrhea in infants as a marker of primary and secondary prevention

Stadnicka Sabina Katarzyna, Brodowicz-Król Magdalena, Trojanowska Alina, Zarzycka Danuta. Analiza przyczyn biegunki ostrej u niemowląt jako wyznacznik profilaktyki pierwotnej i wtórnej = Analysis of the causes of acute diarrhea in infants as a marker of primary and secondary prevention. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):91-102. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57157http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3670   The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 25.05.2016. Revised 25.06.2016. Accepted: 28.06.2016. Analiza przyczyn biegunki ostrej u niemowląt jako wyznacznik profilaktyki pierwotnej i wtórnejAnalysis of the causes of acute diarrhea in infants as a marker of primary and secondary prevention Sabina Katarzyna Stadnicka, Magdalena Brodowicz-Król, Alina Trojanowska, Danuta Zarzycka Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie   Sabina Katarzyna Stadnicka, mgr położnictwa, doktorantka,  Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie;Magdalena Brodowicz-Król, mgr pielęgniarstwa, mgr pedagogiki, asystent Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Alina Trojanowska, dr n. med., adiunkt, Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w LublinieDanuta Zarzycka, dr hab. n. o zdrowiu, adiunkt,  Katedra i Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Pediatrycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie StreszczenieWprowadzenie: W populacji dziecięcej jednym z najczęstszych zaburzeń rytmu wypróżniania są biegunki. Na ostrą biegunkę choruje praktycznie każde dziecko poniżej 3. roku życia.Cel: Celem pracy jest przedstawienie przyczyn występowania i zasad postępowania w biegunce ostrej u niemowląt ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na profilaktykę i postępowanie przedszpitalne.Metoda: Przegląd tematyczny literatury przedmiotu obejmujący okres od 2006 do 2016 roku.Wyniki: Za większość ostrych nieżytów żołądkowo-jelitowych odpowiedzialne są zakażenia rota wirusowe. Infekcje mogą mieć zróżnicowany przebieg. Zakażenie o łagodnym przebiegu, charakteryzuje się wodnistymi stolcami, współwystępowaniem wymiotów oraz nieżytu górnych dróg oddechowych. Przebieg ciężki biegunki często powoduje powstanie objawów znacznego odwodnienia i zaburzenia gospodarki wodno-elektrolitowej i kwasowo-zasadowej. Pojawiająca się krew w stolcu świadczy o współistniejącym zakażeniu bakteryjnym. Podstawowym postępowaniem w trakcie biegunek jest wypełnienie łożyska naczyniowego za pomocą doustnych płynów nawadniających. W niektórych przypadkach konieczne jest leczenie w warunkach szpitalnych.Podsumowanie: Ze względu na najczęstszą etiologię biegunki u dzieci, czyli zakażenia wirusowe i łatwość przenoszenia zakażeń, profilaktykę opiera się na zachowaniu szczególnej dbałości o higienę (w tym przede wszystkim częste mycie rąk). Słowa kluczowe: biegunka ostra, niemowlęta, rotawirusy, profilaktyka. Abstract Introduction: in the pediatric population one of the most common irregular bowel movements are diarrhea. Acute diarrhoea have virtually every child below 3. year of life. Objective: the aim of the work is the presentation of the causes of and the rules of conduct in acute diarrhea in infants with special attention to the prevention and treatment przedszpitalne. Method: a review of thematic literature covering the period from 2006 to 2016. Results: the most acute gastrointestinal infection are responsible nieżytów rota virus. Infections can be differentiated. Mild infection, characterized by wodnistymi stools, interaction of vomiting and respiratory tract mucus secretion. The course of severe diarrhea often causes signs of significant dehydration and disorders of water and electrolyte and acid-base.That appears to be blood in the stool indicates a particular bacterial infection. The primary consideration in the course of diarrhea is to fill the vascular bed using oral irrigation fluids. In some cases it is necessary to treatment in a hospital. Summary: due to the most common etiology of diarrhea in children, that is, viral infections and ease of cross infection, prevention is based on maintaining special attention to hygiene (including especially frequent hand washing). Key words: acute diarrhea, infants, Rotarix, prevention

New insight of parenteral nutrition in children – short review

Abstract Admission. Parenteral nutrition (parenteral) is the supply of all essential nutrients - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, electrolytes, vitamins, trace elements and water intravenously. Parenteral nutrition is a generally available method of nutritional treatment used when the supply of food through the gastrointestinal tract is impossible, insufficient or contraindicated. Complete parenteral nutrition should be replaced as soon as possible with feeding to the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic diseases in children are often complicated by serious nutritional deficiencies

Knowledge of young women concerning the impact of natural feeding on the growth and state of health of a baby

Introduction Proper nutrition in childhood has a huge significance for the optimal physical and psychical growth and good state of health of a baby. Natural feeding is admittedly the healthiest method of feeding infants. In spite of increased knowledge about the short and long-term benefits of feeding babies with human milk, the percentage of infants nourished only by breastfeeding is still too low. Knowledge about the health benefits of breast milk should be spread among young women. Objective The aim of the study was to attempt to discover how much knowledge young women have about the impact of natural feeding on the growth and state of health of a baby, as well as estimating the need for education in this area. Material and Methods Questionnaire study conducted in 2013 among 155 young women (average age 25.43±5.98 years) in Poland and in Belgium. Results Own studies show that natural feeding still needs promotion and support. Knowledge about this among respondents varied and was incomplete. Often, they did not know all the benefits of natural feeding. The majority of respondents were aware that breastfeeding influenced the growth and health of the baby, but they did not have full knowledge about it. The respondents also did not have sufficient knowledge about the advantages of natural feeding in subsequent adult life. Only a small percentage of respondents (15%) had good knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding. A higher level of knowledge occurred among women living in Poland who were older, better educated, lived in cities, and had breastfed earlier. Conclusions A quite varied and not too high level of knowledge among young women about the benefits of natural feeding was observed, which points to the necessity of intensification of educational activities among them in this are

The impaired response of circulating asprosin concentrations to glucose levels fluctuation may be one of the causes of type 2 diabetes – a narrative review

It has been recently discovered that asprosin, an adopakine that is secreted by white adipose tissue, affects the release of glucose into the blood. When blood glucose levels rise, the production of asprosin is immediately suppressed. In healthy people, circulating asprosin shows daily fluctuations, and its concentration drops significantly with the beginning of eating. In patients with type 2 diabetes it was invastigated that both fasting and postprandial asprosin concentrations were significantly higher. Therefore, it is probable that elevated blood levels of asprosin and its impaired response to glucose levels fluctuation may be one of the causes of type 2 diabetes. It is considered, that administration of antibodies that block the action of asprosin may help diabetics reduce glucose levels. In addition, it can also contribute to the effective fight against obesity.</p