The Situation of Investment Projects for Modernization of Agricultural Holdings in Moldova Before and After Romania’s Accession to the European Union

The purpose of this article is to present the situation of EU funds absorption for modernization the agricultural holdings in Moldova, geographical region considered to be among the poorest in Romania. After 1989, the essential changes in the land structures ownership on the replacement the old structures land ownership of socialist economy with private property, have profoundly marked the Romanian rural space and the food trade balance of Romania suffered a continuing deterioration. The funding based on projects implemented once the SAPARD pre-accession funds, has provided many perspectives Romanian farmers, especially by increasing the budget for investments in the field. This approach shows that the economic performance of representative agricultural holdings in Moldova has evolved positively, but differently across the region

Plăcii bacteriene evaluarea rolului în evoluția leziunii gingivale

Background. Recent reserch designates the bacterial plaque as a well organized system of microorganisms, which can be considered biofilm. Favoring factors cause the accumulation of bacterial plaque which that triggers the development of gingivitis. Removal of bacterial plaque is a crucial step for treatment. Objective of the study. Evaluation the stages of bacterial plaque formation, analysis of the microflora in the plaque and determination of hers role in the development of gingival inflammation. Material and Methods. The study included 25 patients. 17 patients (68%) with chronic gingivitis and 8 healthy patients (32%) were examined, including 16 men (64%) and 9 (36%) women. To perform the work, the clinical examination of the patients was performed (the indices OHI-S, PMA, PBI were used), paraclinical and laboratory methods ( gram staining, cultivation on the culture of blood agar). Results. In the study of the intensity of the inflammatory process of gingivitis, the PMA index was used and a grade I gingivitis was determined in 18 % of patients, grade II 70% and grade III in 11% of patients. In the smears taken from healthy patients, practically no microorganisms were detected. In smears of patients affected with gingivitis were found gram-positive cocci, bacillus and leptotrichia. In patients with moderate chronic gingivitis, gram-positive cocci predominated in a smaller number and inflammatory elements. And in the smears collected from patients with severe chronic gingivitis were gram-negative cocci, spirillum and inflammatory elements. Conclusion. Chronic gingivitis is an inflammation of microbial cause, prevalent gram-negative. Depending on the amount and aggressiveness of the bacteria in the plaque, gingival inflammation of different degrees can be installed: mild,medium or severe. Introducere. Cercetările recente desemnează placa bacteriană drept un sistem organizat de microorganisme ce poate fi considerat biofilm. Factorii favorizanți determină acumularea plăcii bacteriene care declașează dezvoltarea gingivitelor. Îndepărtarea plăcii constituie o etapă primordială pentru tratament. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea etapelor de formare a plăcii bacteriene, analiza microflorei din componența plăcii și determinarea rolului ei în dezvoltarea inflamației gingivale. Material și Metode. În studiul dat au fost incluși 25 de pacienți. Au fost examinați 17 pacienți (68%) cu gingivită cronică și 8 pacienți (32%) sănătoși, dintre care 16 bărbați (64%) și 9 femei (36%). Pentru realizarea lucrării s-a efectuat examenul clinic al pacienților (s-au utilizat indicii OHI-S, PMA, PBI), paraclinic și metode de laborator (colorația gram, cultivarea pe mediul de cultură geloză-sânge). Rezultate. În cadrul studiului intensității procesului inflamator al gingivitei s-a folosit indicele PMA și s-a determinat o gingivită de gradul I-la 18% din pacienți, de gradul II-70% și de gradul III-la 11% pacienți. În frotiurile prelevate de la pacienții sănătoși, practic nu au fost depistate microorganisme. În frotiurile colectate de la pacienții afectați de gingivită cronică ușoară s-au depistat coci gram pozitivi, bacili, leptotrihii. În cazul pacienților cu gingivită cronică medie predominau coci gram pozitivi într-un număr mai mic și elemente inflamatorii. Iar în frotiurile colectate de la pacienții cu gingivită cronică gravă erau coci gram negativi, spirili și elemente inflamatorii. Concluzii. Gingivita cronică este o inflamație de cauză microbiană, prevalent gram-negativă. În dependență de cantitatea și agresivitatea bacteriilor din placă poate fi instalată inflamația gingivală de diferit grad: ușor, mediu sau grav

Multi-Task Hypergraphs for Semi-supervised Learning using Earth Observations

There are many ways of interpreting the world and they are highly interdependent. We exploit such complex dependencies and introduce a powerful multi-task hypergraph, in which every node is a task and different paths through the hypergraph reaching a given task become unsupervised teachers, by forming ensembles that learn to generate reliable pseudolabels for that task. Each hyperedge is part of an ensemble teacher for a given task and it is also a student of the self-supervised hypergraph system. We apply our model to one of the most important problems of our times, that of Earth Observation, which is highly multi-task and it often suffers from missing ground-truth data. By performing extensive experiments on the NASA NEO Dataset, spanning a period of 22 years, we demonstrate the value of our multi-task semi-supervised approach, by consistent improvements over strong baselines and recent work. We also show that the hypergraph can adapt unsupervised to gradual data distribution shifts and reliably recover, through its multi-task self-supervision process, the missing data for several observational layers for up to seven years.Comment: Accepted in ICCV 2023 Workshop