137 research outputs found

    Preparation of Raw Materials for Knitted Products from Natural Silk

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    The article presents the evaluation indicators by selecting raw silk for the manufacture of knitted products, comparing its quality. Raw silk from Navruz-1 and Chinese hybrids, which are currently grown in the country, was used to make yarn. The technology of making twisted yarns for use in knitting has been proposed. In order to ensure the softness and elasticity of the spun yarns, a recipe for boiling them is recommended. The amount of residual sericin was calculated taking into account the properties of the added yarns and the value of a certain degree of growth, the reduction of sericin content in the yarn during boiling has a sharp effect on their ability to withstand various repetitive stresses of geometric dimensions, uniformity, mechanical properties. The strength characteristics of the spun yarns before boiling and after removal of the sericin are given. Since the initial recommended 350 tw/m values did not fully provide strength, it was found that the requirements for it were fully met when the number of turns was increased by 25%. One of the main technological features of raw silk is the ability to rewind from yarn to spool, which affects its quality, cost and the appearance of the rings. The raw silk used for the production of knitted products was inspected by organoleptic method before testing the condition of the yarns, and a special emulsion was sprayed on the yarns with the sticky parts. The ability to rewind raw silk was tested on a rewinding machine MT-85 (Japan) at a speed of 140-5 m / min. It was rewrapped for 90 minutes in accordance with the requirements of the standard, taking into account the rings

    Component tree analysis of cystovirus φ6 nucleocapsid Cryo-EM single particle reconstructions

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    The 3-dimensional structure of the nucleocapsid (NC) of bacteriophage φ6 is described utilizing component tree analysis, a topological and geometric image descriptor. The component trees are derived from density maps of cryo-electron microscopy single particle reconstructions. Analysis determines position and occupancy of structure elements responsible for RNA packaging and transcription. Occupancy of the hexameric nucleotide triphosphorylase (P4) and RNA polymerase (P2) are found to be essentially complete in the NC. The P8 protein lattice likely fixes P4 and P2 in place during maturation. We propose that the viral procapsid (PC) is a dynamic structural intermediate where the P4 and P2 can attach and detach until held in place in mature NCs. During packaging, the PC expands to accommodate the RNA, and P2 translates from its original site near the inner 3-fold axis (20 sites) to the inner 5-fold axis (12 sites) with excess P2 positioned inside the central region of the NC

    Morphology of Influenza B/Lee/40 Determined by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

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    Cryo-electron microscopy projection image analysis and tomography is used to describe the overall architecture of influenza B/Lee/40. Algebraic reconstruction techniques with utilization of volume elements (blobs) are employed to reconstruct tomograms of this pleomorphic virus and distinguish viral surface spikes. The purpose of this research is to examine the architecture of influenza type B virions by cryo-electron tomography and projection image analysis. The aims are to explore the degree of ribonucleoprotein disorder in irregular shaped virions; and to quantify the number and distribution of glycoprotein surface spikes (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) on influenza B. Projection image analysis of virion morphology shows that the majority (∼83%) of virions are spherical with an average diameter of 134±19 nm. The aspherical virions are larger (average diameter = 155±47 nm), exhibit disruption of the ribonucleoproteins, and show a partial loss of surface protein spikes. A count of glycoprotein spikes indicates that a typical 130 nm diameter type B virion contains ∼460 surface spikes. Configuration of the ribonucleoproteins and surface glycoprotein spikes are visualized in tomogram reconstructions and EM densities visualize extensions of the spikes into the matrix. The importance of the viral matrix in organization of virus structure through interaction with the ribonucleoproteins and the anchoring of the glycoprotein spikes to the matrix is demonstrated

    Metabolic profiling of streptomyces strains from different types of Tatarstan soils using GEN III omnilog system

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    Isolation and evaluation of the ability of various actinomycetes to produce bioactive secondary metabolites is a long-term and expensive procedure. Many species of actinomycetes have similar morphological characteristics, therefore phenotyping of these microorganisms requires methods of metabolic profiling to be applied. Analysis of metabolic pathways can help in both the taxonomic identification of a microorganism and the assessment of its ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites. In this paper, we first carried out metabolic profiling of Streptomyces isolates from different types of Tatarstan soils using GEN III OmniLog system. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis of strains. We assigned strains to the genus Streptomyces, and identified species such as Streptomyces fimicarius, Streptomyces badius, Streptomyces mirabilis and Streptomyces violaceoruber. We have shown that the system GEN III OmniLog® II Combo Plus is a powerful tool to get an overview of the active metabolic pathways of actinomycetes and can be used for high-performance analysis. It can also provide useful information to clarify the phylogenetic position of a microorganism. We can use both the profiles of substrate utilization, growth, secondary metabolites, and anti-microbial profiles, obtained by using the GEN III OmniLog® II Combo Plus system, in the microbial drug development programs

    Influence of Trichoderma asperellum metabolites on tissue regeneration against pyrene

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    We studied the influence of the culture fluid of fungi of the genus Trichoderma on Swiss Webster CFW mice after exposure to pyrene - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which can cause pathological changes in the body. Beneficial effect of Trichoderma metabolites on haematological parameters, the functioning of liver and nephros was shown, the trend toward regeneration of the structure of skin and liver after the damages, caused by the introduction of pyrene, was identified

    Create a new type of meat pate for preschool and school-age children

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    The article is devoted to the study of meat-added products with functional properties for children of pre-school and school age. Studies were carried out taking into account the combination of the ingredient composition to create quality meat products. The production technology has been developed, the product formulation has been developed, microbiological indicators, qualitative indicators have been determined, and production testing has been carried out. The developed pates are enriched with natural biological corrector (NBC) of domestic production, NBC enrich them with micronutrients necessary for directed action: pate enriched with calcium with the addition of poultry meat. According to microbiological studies in preserves «Poultry meat pate»,quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) does not exceed the confidence interval, is 6,6 x 102 CFU/g

    MicroRNA 128a Increases Intracellular ROS Level by Targeting Bmi-1 and Inhibits Medulloblastoma Cancer Cell Growth by Promoting Senescence

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    BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs that regulate cell homeostasis by inhibiting translation or degrading mRNA of target genes, and thereby can act as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. The role of microRNAs in medulloblastoma has only recently been addressed. We hypothesized that microRNAs differentially expressed during normal CNS development might be abnormally regulated in medulloblastoma and are functionally important for medulloblastoma cell growth. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined the expression of microRNAs in medulloblastoma and then investigated the functional role of one specific one, miR-128a, in regulating medulloblastoma cell growth. We found that many microRNAs associated with normal neuronal differentiation are significantly down regulated in medulloblastoma. One of these, miR-128a, inhibits growth of medulloblastoma cells by targeting the Bmi-1 oncogene. In addition, miR-128a alters the intracellular redox state of the tumor cells and promotes cellular senescence. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Here we report the novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by microRNA 128a via the specific inhibition of the Bmi-1 oncogene. We demonstrate that miR-128a has growth suppressive activity in medulloblastoma and that this activity is partially mediated by targeting Bmi-1. This data has implications for the modulation of redox states in cancer stem cells, which are thought to be resistant to therapy due to their low ROS states

    The ϕ6 Cystovirus Protein P7 Becomes Accessible to Antibodies in the Transcribing Nucleocapsid: A Probe for Viral Structural Elements

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    Protein P7 is a component of the cystovirus viral polymerase complex. In the unpackaged procapsid, the protein is situated in close proximity to the viral directed RNA polymerase, P2. Cryo-electron microscopy difference maps from the species ϕ6 procapsid have demonstrated that P7 and P2 likely interact prior to viral RNA packaging. The location of P7 in the post-packaged nucleocapsid (NC) remains unknown. P7 may translocate closer to the five-fold axis of a filled procapsid but this has not been directly visualized. We propose that monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) can be selected that serve as probe- reagents for viral assembly and structure. A set of Mabs have been isolated that recognize and bind to the ϕ6 P7. The antibody set contains five unique Mabs, four of which recognize a linear epitope and one which recognizes a conformational epitope. The four unique Mabs that recognize a linear epitope display restricted utilization of Vκ and VH genes. The restricted genetic range among 4 of the 5 antibodies implies that the antibody repertoire is limited. The limitation could be the consequence of a paucity of exposed antigenic sites on the ϕ6 P7 surface. It is further demonstrated that within ϕ6 nucleocapsids that are primed for early-phase transcription, P7 is partially accessible to the Mabs, indicating that the nucleocapsid shell (protein P8) has undergone partial disassembly exposing the protein’s antigenic sites

    Metformin as an Adjunctive Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of the Literature on Its Potential Therapeutic Use

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    Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has the worst prognosis of any cancer. New adjuvant chemotherapies are urgently required, which are well tolerated by patients with unresectable cancers. This paper reviews the existing proof of concept data, namely laboratory, pharmacoepidemiological, experimental medicine and clinical trial evidence for investigating metformin in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Laboratory evidence shows metformin inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthesis which directly and indirectly inhibits carcinogenesis. Drug–drug interactions of metformin with proton pump inhibitors and histamine H2-receptor antagonists may be of clinical relevance and pertinent to future research of metformin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. To date, most cohort studies have demonstrated a positive association with metformin on survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, although there are many methodological limitations with such study designs. From experimental medicine studies, there are sparse data in humans. The current trials of metformin have methodological limitations. Two small randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported null findings, but there were potential inequalities in cancer staging between groups and poor compliance with the intervention. Proof of concept data, predominantly from laboratory work, supports assessing metformin as an adjunct for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in RCTs. Ideally, more experimental medicine studies are needed for proof of concept. However, many feasibility criteria need to be answered before such trials can progress

    Metformin Represses Self-Renewal of the Human Breast Carcinoma Stem Cells via Inhibition of Estrogen Receptor-Mediated OCT4 Expression

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    Metformin, a Type II diabetic treatment drug, which inhibits transcription of gluconeogenesis genes, has recently been shown to lower the risk of some diabetes-related tumors, including breast cancer. Recently, “cancer stem cells” have been demonstrated to sustain the growth of tumors and are resistant to therapy. To test the hypothesis that metformin might be reducing the risk to breast cancers, the human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF-7, grown in 3-dimensional mammospheres which represent human breast cancer stem cell population, were treated with various known and suspected breast cancer chemicals with and without non-cytotoxic concentrations of metformin. Using OCT4 expression as a marker for the cancer stem cells, the number and size were measured in these cells. Results demonstrated that TCDD (100 nM) and bisphenol A (10 µM) increased the number and size of the mammospheres, as did estrogen (10 nM E2). By monitoring a cancer stem cell marker, OCT4, the stimulation by these chemicals was correlated with the increased expression of OCT4. On the other hand, metformin at 1 and 10 mM concentration dramatically reduced the size and number of mammospheres. Results also demonstrated the metformin reduced the expression of OCT4 in E2 & TCDD mammospheres but not in the bisphenol A mammospheres, suggesting different mechanisms of action of the bisphenol A on human breast carcinoma cells. In addition, these results support the use of 3-dimensional human breast cancer stem cells as a means to screen for potential human breast tumor promoters and breast chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents
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