Effects of β2-receptor stimulation by indacaterol in chronic heart failure treated with selective or non-selective β-blockers: a randomized trial

Alveolar \u3b22-receptor blockade worsens lung diffusion in heart failure (HF). This effect could be mitigated by stimulating alveolar \u3b22-receptors. We investigated the safety and the effects of indacaterol on lung diffusion, lung mechanics, sleep respiratory behavior, cardiac rhythm, welfare, and exercise performance in HF patients treated with a selective (bisoprolol) or a non-selective (carvedilol) \u3b2-blocker. Study procedures were performed before and after indacaterol and placebo treatments according to a cross-over, randomized, double-blind protocol in forty-four patients (27 on bisoprolol and 17 on carvedilol). No differences between indacaterol and placebo were observed in the whole population except for a significantly higher VE/VCO2 slope and lower maximal PETCO2 during exercise with indacaterol, entirely due to the difference in the bisoprolol group (VE/VCO2 31.8\u2009\ub1\u20095.9 vs. 28.5\u2009\ub1\u20095.6, p\u2009<\u20090.0001 and maximal PETCO2 36.7\u2009\ub1\u20095.5 vs. 37.7\u2009\ub1\u20095.8\u2009mmHg, p\u2009<\u20090.02 with indacaterol and placebo, respectively). In carvedilol, indacaterol was associated with a higher peak heart rate (119\u2009\ub1\u200934 vs. 113\u2009\ub1\u200930 bpm, with indacaterol and placebo) and a lower prevalence of hypopnea during sleep (3.8 [0.0;6.3] vs. 5.8 [2.9;10.5] events/hour, with indacaterol and placebo). Inhaled indacaterol is well tolerated in HF patients, it does not influence lung diffusion, and, in bisoprolol, it increases ventilation response to exercise

Entre rivalité d’émulation et liberté commerciale : la présence de l’école de Gournay dans l’Histoire des deux Indes

Dan ce texte on analyse la présence dans l’Histoire de Raynal des écrits et des arguments développés par l’école de Vincent de Gournay, en particulier l’existence du lien entre le projet de ‘liberté et concurrence’ élaboré par Forbonnais et l’argumentation développée dans l’Histoire, qui se manifesta dans la façon dont sont appréhendées le problème de l’Exclusif ainsi que celui de l’adoption de l’Acte de navigation anglais de 1651.In questo articolo si analizza la presenza nell'Histoire di Raynal degli scritti e degli argomenti sviluppati dalla scuola di Vincent Gournay, in particolare si dimostra l'esistenza di un nesso tra il progetto di "liberté et concurrence" elaborato da Véron de Forbonnais e l'argomentazione sviluppata nell'Histoire; questa nesso si rende evidente nel modo in cui il problema dell'Esclusivo e quello dell'adozione dell'atto di navigazione inglese del 1651 vengono presentati

Modelli d’Oltre confine. Prospettive economiche e sociali negli antichi stati italiani

Il volume raccoglie i migliori contributi presentati nel corso del Seminario internazionale di Studi "Modelli da Imitare - Modelli da Evitare. Riflessioni Settecentesche su morale e commercio, ricchezza e povertà negli Antichi Stati Italiani" che ho coordinato e che ha coinvolto cinque sedi universitarie italiane, nell'ambito del Progetto "L'Illuminismo e i diritti dell'uomo nella crisi dell'Antico Regime" (Miur-Prin 2005) coordinatore nazionale Vincenzo Ferrone

The French Reception of Vattel’s Droit des gens: Politics and Publishing Strategies

This chapter analyses the reception of Le droit des gens by Emer de Vattel in France. She provides an examination of the correspondence exchanged in 1757 and 1758 between Vattel and the director of the Librairie, Malesherbes, as well as a contextual analysis of references to the work contained in some French diplomatic papers written at the time of the Seven Years’ War. These sources attest to the fact that Le droit des gens enjoyed the considerable favour of the dominant minister of the period, Choiseul, and that it was also well received by the members of the circle of Vincent de Gournay, which elaborated a geopolitical strategy that had much in common with the vision for economic development and interstate relations set out by Vattel

Tra “gelosie” personali e “gelosie “ tra gli stati: i progetti del governatore Carlo Ginori e la circolazione della cultura economica e politica a Livorno (1747-1757)

La progettualità politica del governatore Carlo Ginori ed i motivi del suo scontro con il ministro lorenese delle finanze Richecourt sono ricostruiti attraverso fonti rinvenute nell'archivio privato Ginori (Firenze). Dalla corripsondenza e dalle carte private emerge il ruolo di ricettore attivo della cultura economica e politica inglese e francese svolto da Carlo Ginori

Entre les mœurs des Crétois et les loix de Minos’: la pénétration et la réception du mouvement physiocratique français en Suède 1767-1786,

Il s'agit d'un article où , à partir de recherches conduites sur les manuscrits de Mirabeau conservés en Suède et sur les traductions en Suédois des ouvrages de l'école physiocratique, ainsi que sur les papiers de l'abbé Michelessi conservés à Treviso, j'avance l'hypothèse que la pénétration et la réception des idées physiocratiques doivent être connectées au contexte politique et économique internationale. G.F.Scheffer ainsi que Gustave III utilisèrent en effet le projet réformateur avancé par l'école pour assurer la survie de la Suède comme puissance moyenne