Amino acids contents of four commercial Nile fishes in Sudan

This study was intended to identify contents of amino acids (AAs) of four commercial Nile fishes in Sudan and to use them in fishmeal manufacture. The study fishes were Dabis (Labeo niloticus, Forskål, 1775), Himeila (Brycinus nurse, Rüppell, 1832), Garmout (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) and Gargur (Synodontis schall, Bloch and Schneider, 1801). After producing dried meat of the study fishes, AAs were determined by SYKAM (57130 AMINOACID ANALYZER) device. Eighteen amino acids were identified and computed their percentages for each fish. AAs contents in Dabis were 0.02 to 19.36%, followed by those in Garmout (0.34 to 12.63%); those in Gargur (1.03 to 10.05%) and those in Himeila (0.01 to 9.99%). Eight essential amino acids (EAA) were identified among the total content of amino acids of all the study fishes. Dabis contained the highest percentage 71.7%, followed by Gargur 38.19%; Garmout 32.96%; whereas, Himeila revealed having the least content of EAA 28.21%. Methionine had nearly the same percentages among the study fishes as 0.34% in Garmout; 0.74% in Himeila; 1.03% in Gargur and 1.54% in Dabis; whereas, tryptophan was absent in all the study fish samples. Results of EAA showed that Dabis is the best Nile fishes for stock of EAA for fishmeal manufacture; whereas, the rest of study fishes are suitable to use for human food.Key words: Freshwater fishes, Nile fishes, amino acid, essential amino acids, white Nile

Smart Path Guidance Mobile Aid for Visually Disabled Persons

A traditional blind-navigation cane mostly used by a visually impaired person is not very appropriate mainly due to narrow search area. While a conventional cane warns of changes along the ground, it does not warn of other walking hazards and objects above a person’s waist. There are many electronics based blind-navigation devices employ a voice guided GPS (global positioning system) and/or complex high-order processor. It is apparent that the costs of these devices are too high that a common visually impaired people cannot afford them. In addition, a kind of previous arts is difficult to handle due to the weight, volume and functions incubated with basic purpose. Therefore, these types of advanced navigation systems are difficult to be commercialized. The purpose of this research is to design and develop a smart path guidance system for the blind and visually impaired, particularly the mobile aid to carry by hand, contains a smart sensor logic system. An appropriate model has developed for the selected design with embedding fuzzy logic decision. A presented solution is also tested for various condition inputs to verify the system’s behavior. Through several experiments, the sensors are calibrated to increase the accuracy of decision. The presented prototype enables the blind person to walk freely in an unfamiliar environment

Protocol for process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial of family-led rehabilitation post stroke (ATTEND) in India

Introduction We are undertaking a randomised controlled trial (fAmily led rehabiliTaTion aftEr stroke in INDia, ATTEND) evaluating training a family carer to enable maximal rehabilitation of patients with stroke-related disability; as a potentially affordable, culturally acceptable and effective intervention for use in India. A process evaluation is needed to understand how and why this complex intervention may be effective, and to capture important barriers and facilitators to its implementation. We describe the protocol for our process evaluation to encourage the development of in-process evaluation methodology and transparency in reporting. Methods and analysis The realist and RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) frameworks informed the design. Mixed methods include semistructured interviews with health providers, patients and their carers, analysis of quantitative process data describing fidelity and dose of intervention, observations of trial set up and implementation, and the analysis of the cost data from the patients and their families perspective and programme budgets. These qualitative and quantitative data will be analysed iteratively prior to knowing the quantitative outcomes of the trial, and then triangulated with the results from the primary outcome evaluation. Ethics and dissemination The process evaluation has received ethical approval for all sites in India. In low-income and middle-income countries, the available human capital can form an approach to reducing the evidence practice gap, compared with the high cost alternatives available in established market economies. This process evaluation will provide insights into how such a programme can be implemented in practice and brought to scale. Through local stakeholder engagement and dissemination of findings globally we hope to build on patient-centred, cost-effective and sustainable models of stroke rehabilitation. Trial registration number CTRI/2013/04/003557

Heart diseases diagnosis using heart sounds

Heart sound is one of the oldest means for assessing the function of heart valves. It helps, together with echocardiograms and electrocardiographs, to give a clear and proper diagnosis of several diseases. Artificial neural networks are used to classify several valve-related heart disorders. A library of heart sound files, recorded via the traditional stethoscope, are used to extract relevant features using several signal processing tools, e.g., discrete wavelet transform (DWT), fast Fourier transform (FFT) and linear predictive coding (LPC). The achieved recognition rates were around 95.7%

Heart diseases diagnosis using HMM

The bare ear and the stethoscope were until recently of great help in classifying most heart diseases especially those related to valve problems. The newly developed electronic stethoscope and phonocardiography represent useful tools for recording heart sound signals. In this paper a diagnostic technique for heart diseases using heart sounds is suggested. Wavelet decomposition and mel cepstrum are used for feature extraction. Classification of the different heart diseases is then done using hidden Markov models (HMM). Three different techniques have been used and compared. The obtained recognition rates (RR) were 97.3%, 98.2%, and 99.1%

Export Performance of Bangladesh: A Study on Selected Products

Export is one of the major components of global business which secures a country's economic condition to a large extent. Developed as well as developing countries always try to increase their exports for the growth and expansion of their economies. This study indicates the trends of exporting from the early stage of our economic development. For that purpose, tea, raw jute and jute products, fisheries and leather have been chosen to figure out the situation. All the information has been collected from the secondary sources. The findings would be helpful for the government to take necessary strategies and policies for improving the situation

Implications of TTIP and TPP on Bangladesh and Nepal

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and the Transpacific Partnership (TPP) could the biggest trade deal in the history. The EU and the USA are in the process of, or contemplating, to sign Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) under TTIP and TPP. As, the European Union (EU) and the USA are the biggest trading partner of all the South Asian countries, such preferential tariff arrangements could lead to significant erosion of preferences enjoyed currently by the South Asian Developing Countries such as, Bangladesh and Nepal. In this backdrop, the main objective of the present study is to investigate the potential economic impacts of tariff eliminations under TPP and TTIP on various macro and trade variables of Bangladesh and Nepal. In this context, a standard computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis has been adopted by using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and database to explore the aggregate impact as well as sectoral implications. The analysis evinces that complete integration in terms of tariff elimination under these two mega deals, Bangladesh and Nepal could face tremendous negative impact on their economy. The analysis also suggests that Bangladesh and Nepal may consider joining to the TPP to minimize the negative economic impact due to the mentioned deals

Investment Performance of Islamic Bank: An Empirical Study

The article undertakes an empirical study on investment of Islamic Bank. The aim of the study is to examine and evaluate the performance of investment of Islamic Bank for the time period 2005-2009 in comparison with a conventional Bank. Several financial ratios are applied for this purpose. For the empirical investigation data has been collected from Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited and Mutual Trust Bank Limited. The study found that Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL) is relatively less profitable and less risky (more solvent) during 2005-2009 compared to a conventional bank (Mutual Trust Bank Limited), however, it is improving considerably over time indicating convergence with the performance of the conventional banks

Value of Entheseal Ultrasonography and Serum Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in the Preclinical Diagnosis of Psoriatic Arthritis

Objective: To evaluate the utility of entheseal ultrasonography and serum COMP in the preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Methods: 60 psoriatic patients were divided into: 30 patients with psoriasis (group I) and 30 patients with psoriatic arthritis as control (group II). They underwent independent clinical and ultrasonographic examination of both lower limbs at the calcaneal insertions of Achilles tendons. Psoriatic arthritis disease activity and severity was assessed by modified DAS28 and Steinbrockers scores. Serum levels of COMP were measured for all patients by ELISA. Results: On clinical examination, no entheseal abnormalities were detected in group I while they were present in 23.3% of group II with statistically significant difference between them (P < 0.001). Ultrasonographic entheseal abnormalities were detected in 33.3% of group I and in 46.7% of group II with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Serum COMP were significantly elevated in group I and II with no statistically significant difference between them (mean ± SD 5.9 ± 3 and 6.8 ± 12 respectively, P > 0.05). Entheseal ultrasound was more specific (67%) while serum COMP was more sensitive (87%) in the preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Serum COMP levels were significantly correlated with CRP in both groups and with DAS28 and Steinbrockers scores in group II (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Entheseal ultrasonography and serum COMP levels may be used complementary to each other for preclinical diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis. Serum COMP seems to be promising prognostic marker for psoriatic arthritis patients

Expert consensus for in-hospital neurorehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries

Background: People with neurological dysfunction have been significantly affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in receiving adequate and quality rehabilitation services. There are no clear guidelines or recommendations for rehabilitation providers in dealing with patients with neurological dysfunction during a pandemic situation especially in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this paper was to develop consensus-based expert recommendations for in-hospital based neurorehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic for low- and middle-income countries based on available evidence. Methods: A group of experts in neurorehabilitation consisting of neurologists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists were identified for the consensus groups. A scoping review was conducted to identify existing evidence and recommendations for neurorehabilitation during COVID-19. Specific statements with level 2b evidence from studies identified were developed. These statements were circulated to 13 experts for consensus. The statements that received ≥80% agreement were grouped in different themes and the recommendations were developed. Results: 75 statements for expert consensus were generated. 72 statements received consensus from 13 experts. These statements were thematically grouped as recommendations for neurorehabilitation service providers, patients, formal and informal caregivers of affected individuals, rehabilitation service organizations, and administrators. Conclusions: The development of this consensus statement is of fundamental significance to neurological rehabilitation service providers and people living with neurological disabilities. It is crucial that governments, health systems, clinicians and stakeholders involved in upholding the standard of neurorehabilitation practice in low- and middle-income countries consider conversion of the consensus statement to minimum standard requirements within the context of the pandemic as well as for the future