Гендерные особенности распространенности поведенческих факторов риска у жителей Санкт-Петербурга

Background: In developed countries there are significant gender differences in lifetime expectancy that can be explained by behavioral risk factors (RF).Objective: The aim of our study was to estimate gender features of behavioral RF in general population of Saint-Petersburg, Russia.Methods: As a part of all-Russian epidemiology survey ESSE-RF a random sampling of 1600 Saint-Petersburg inhabitants (25-64 y.o.) stratified by age and sex was performed. All participants filled in the questionnaire. Anthropometry (weight, height, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and fasting blood-tests (lipids, glucose by Abbott Architect 8000 (USA)) were performed.Results: There were examined 573 (36%) men and 1027 (64%) women. No gender differences in obesity were found according to BMI criteria — in 178 (31.2%) women and 352 (35.1%) men. Obesity was more often detected in females according to WC criteria: АТРIII — 44.1 vs 30.3%; IDF 51.2 vs 66.4% (p 0.001 for both). Linear regression analysis was performed and age was associated with BMI — 1.6 kg/m2/decade, WC in women — 5,2 cm/decade and WC in men — 2.8 cm/decade, р 0.001 for all anthropometric parameters. Optimal level of physical activity was equally documented in both genders — 540 (61.2%) women and 286 (58.9%) men. Daily intake of sweets was lower in men — 228 (39.8%) vs 539 (52.5%) in women (p 0.001). 810 (50,6%) of trial subjects were non-smokers, 395 (24,7%) were former smokers, and 395 (24,7%) were smokers at the moment of trial. The higher number of female smokers was observed — 194 (19.1%).Conclusion: A high prevalence of obesity is observed in sample of Saint-Petersburg inhabitants — it is higher among women according to WC criteria regardless of menopause, possibly due to bigger sweets consumption. Males smoke more often and consume less fresh fruits and vegetables which is accompanied by a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.В развитых странах отмечаются гендерные различия в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни, что может быть объяснено профилем поведенческих факторов риска.Цель исследования: изучить гендерные особенности профиля поведенческих факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска в популяции жителей Санкт-Петербурга. Методы: в рамках многоцентрового эпидемиологического наблюдательного исследования ЭССЕ-РФ была сформирована случайная выборка из жителей Санкт-Петербурга, стратифицированная по полу и возрасту. Участники заполнили стандартный опросник, была выполнена антропометрия: рост, вес, индекс массы тела (ИМТ), окружность талии (ОТ). Натощак определен липидный спектр, уровень гликемии.Результаты: обследованы 1600 человек, из них мужчин 573 (35,9%), женщин 1027 (64,1%). Ожирение у мужчин и женщин встречалось в 31–66% случаев (по критерию ИМТ — у 31,2% мужчин и 35,1% женщин; по критерию метаболического синдрома (АТРIII) — у 30,3 и 44,1%; по критерию IDF — у 51,2 и 66,4%, соответственно; по обоим критериям ОТ значимо чаще встречалась у женщин, (p 0,001). Линейный регрессионный анализ позволил установить ассоциацию возраста с ИМТ (1,6 кг/м2 на 1 декаду), с ОТ у женщин (5,2 см/декада) и у мужчин (2,8 см/декада; для всех показателей р 0,001). Оптимальный уровень двигательной активности не различался у мужчин (286; 58,9%) и женщин (540; 61,2%). Ежедневное потребление сладостей значимо реже отмечено у мужчин (228; 39,8%) по сравнению с женщинами (539; 52,5%; р 0,001). Не курили 810 (50,6%), 395 (24,7%) курили в прошлом и 395 (24,7%) курили в момент опроса; наблюдалось большое число курящих женщин — 194 (19,1%).Заключение: среди жителей Санкт-Петербурга регистрируется высокая распространенность ожирения (значимо чаще среди женщин, согласно критерию ОТ, вне зависимости от наличия менопаузы, возможно, за счет большего потребления сладких продуктов). Мужчины значимо больше курят и реже потребляют свежие овощи и фрукты, что сопровождается большей распространенностью гипергликемии и гипертриглицеридемии

Timely diagnosis of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in children and young adults with lipid profile abnormalities. Expert opinion

M.V. Ezhov1, E.Yu. Zakharova2, A.A. Avramenko3,4, A.S. Alieva5, I.N. Zakharova6, I.V. Leont'eva7, S.I. Malyavskaya8, I.M. Osmanov9, D.I. Sadykova10, M.L. Stolina11, T.V. Strokova7,12 1National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation 2Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation 3V.P. Polyakov Samara Regional Clinical Cardiological Dispensary, Samara, Russian Federation 4Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation 5V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 6Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 7Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 8North State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation 9Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation 10Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation 11Pacific State Medical University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation 12Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russian Federation Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a monogenic progressive life-threatening condition characterized by abnormal lipid profiles in most patients of all ages. Timely diagnosis and early pathogenetically-oriented treatment (available in Russia) are crucial for children and young adults since abnormal serum levels of lipids are associated with the onset and severity of atherosclerosis in adolescence, young and middle age. The prognosis of LAL-D without pathogenetically oriented treatment is poor. Data on cholesteryl ester storage disease (a variant of LAL-D in children and adults), early atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, aortic calcification, etc., are available. However, early diagnosis of LAL-D is difficult due to long-term latent course and nonspecific clinical signs. In December 2020, a panel of leading Russian experts in the diagnosis and treatment of orphan diseases and lipidologists was held in Moscow. This panel developed an algorithm to optimize the early diagnosis of dyslipidemias in children and young adults and identify patients with LAL-D in a total population of patients with lipid profile abnormalities. Keywords: lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, lipid profile, atherosclerosis, lipid center. For citation: Ezhov M.V., Zakharova E.Yu., Avramenko A.A. et al. Timely diagnosis of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in children and young adults with lipid profile abnormalities. Expert opinion. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):268–276 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-268-276. </p

Epidemiology of cardiovascular risk factors in two population-based studies

We aimed to compare cardiovascular risk factors prevalence in Italy and Russia through cross-sectional database analysis. The study has been based on data from ESSE-RF and from baseline of PLIC study, two population-based epidemiological studies aimed to investigate prevalence of risk factors and evaluating contribution of traditional and new risk factors into morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. A total of 2203 patients with left and right intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements constituted the source population (1205 from PLIC study and 998 from ESSE-RF study). Sample of ESSE-RF study had slightly more diabetic and hypertensive individuals, while the percentage of subjects with high cholesterol value was lower than in the other sample (67.1% vs 79.9%). The median LDL-C value was higher among individuals not treated with statins in the PLIC sample (p < 0.001), while was comparable among subjects receiving statin therapy. On the other hand, the percentage of individuals with positive cardiovascular history was higher in ESSE-RF sample. This could also explain the higher mean IMT value (0.71 \ub1 0.17 vs 0.63 \ub1 0.13) in the whole sample, and among patients without past cardiovascular events (regardless of statin treatment), despite some differences in major risk factors. Despite Russian and Italian populations are culturally and geographically different, they are not so different based on characteristics analyzed

Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries - The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC)

Background and aims: Management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) may vary across different settings due to factors related to population characteristics, practice, resources and/or policies. We conducted a survey among the worldwide network of EAS FHSC Lead Investigators to provide an overview of FH status in different countries. Methods: Lead Investigators from countries formally involved in the EAS FHSC by mid-May 2018 were invited to provide a brief report on FH status in their countries, including available information, programmes, initiatives, and management. Results: 63 countries provided reports. Data on FH prevalence are lacking in most countries. Where available, data tend to align with recent estimates, suggesting a higher frequency than that traditionally considered. Low rates of FH detection are reported across all regions. National registries and education programmes to improve FH awareness/knowledge are a recognised priority, but funding is often lacking. In most countries, diagnosis primarily relies on the Dutch Lipid Clinics Network criteria. Although available in many countries, genetic testing is not widely implemented (frequent cost issues). There are only a few national official government programmes for FH. Under-treatment is an issue. FH therapy is not universally reimbursed. PCSK9-inhibitors are available in ∼2/3 countries. Lipoprotein-apheresis is offered in ∼60% countries, although access is limited. Conclusions: FH is a recognised public health concern. Management varies widely across countries, with overall suboptimal identification and under-treatment. Efforts and initiatives to improve FH knowledge and management are underway, including development of national registries, but support, particularly from health authorities, and better funding are greatly needed. © 2018 Elsevier B.V