Anticancer Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Pistacia atlantica Extract

Recently a lot of studies have been conducted to identify natural compounds for prevention of the development and recurrence of cancers. The present study aimed to determine phytochemical content and anti proliferative activity of Pistacia atlantica extract. Ethanolic extract of Pistacia atlantica was prepared. The antioxidant activity, total phenol, flavonoid and flavonol content of the extract were evaluated. Cytotoxicity activity of extract on AGS and HeLa cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay 48 hours after treatment. The antioxidant activity of extract was 4.6 +/- 0.66 mu g/ml while it was 25.41 +/- 1.89 mu g/ml for butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The total phenol, flavonoid and flavonol contents were 269 mg GAE/g, 40.7 mg RUT/g and 88.12 mg RUT/g, respectively. The extract inhibited the proliferation of AGS, HeLa and HDFs cells with IC50 values of 382.3 mu g/m, 332.3 mu g/ml and 896.3, respectively. This study revealed that the extract of Pistacia atlantica can suppress the proliferation of gastric carcinoma and cervical cancer cells. The plant with high phytoconstituents could be a promising source of anticancer drugs

In vitro anti influenza virus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic content of twelve Iranian medicinal plants

The emergence of medicine resistance strains of influenza A viruses to the chemical drogs lead to the development of alternative herbal compounds that inhibit the virus replication. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate in vitro anti-influenza A viruses activity, antioxidant potential, total phenolic, and flavonoid content of a total of 12 hydro alcoholic crude extracts obtained from 8 kinds of medicinal plants. Antiinfluenza A viruses activity of the extracts was investigated by the using of MDCK cell line and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol– 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Both 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the extracts were identified using regression analysis. The antioxidant activity, total phenol, and flavonoid content of the extracts were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method, and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The results demonstrated that there was high activity against influenza virus for Peganum harmala L., Equisetum arvense L., and Punica granatum L, extracts with IC50 value of 9.1 (CI95%:7.3-11.3), 6.45 (CI95%: 4.5-9.23), and 104.5 (CI95%: 82.8-131.8), respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that both Equisetum arvense L. and Punica granatum L. demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 6.5, 6.8 and 7.7 μg/mL, respectively. According to the results, some of these extracts might be further analyzed to develop effective anti-influenza factors

In Vitro Anti Proliferative Activity, Antioxidant Potential and Total Phenolic Compounds of Black Tea Extract

Natural products, mainly isolated from medicinal plants, have considered as valuable sources for herbal anticancer drugs. The present study aimed to determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and anti proliferative activity of black tea (Camellia sinensis Kuntze) extract in vitro. Crude ethyl alcohol extract of black tea was prepared. To determine antioxidant activity, total phenol, and flavonoids content of the extract, the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method were used, respectively. The anti proliferative activity in cancerous (AGS) and normal (HDFs) cell lines was tested by MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2ol) 2, 5 di phenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. The IC50 of DPPH radical assay was 8 +/- 1.41 mu g/ml, compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) with IC50 25.41 +/- 1.89 mu g/ml. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were 341.8 +/- 4.41 mg GAE/g and 21.1 +/- 2.11 mg RUT /g, respectively. The extract showed higher anti proliferative activity against the cancer cell line than normal cell line. 48 hours after treatment, crude ethyl alcohol extract inhibited the proliferation of AGS and HDFs cells with IC50 values of 264.3 mu g/ml and 689.5 mu g/ml, respectively. This study revealed that the crude ethyl alcohol extract of black tea suppresses the proliferation of gastric carcinoma cells. It is a rich resource of natural antioxidants and can prevent a lot of diseases such as cancer

In vitro anti-adenoviral activities of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel

Background: Adenovirus causes a number of diseases in human, and can cause serious infection in severely immunosuppressed individuals. Despite the seriousness of adenovirus infection, there is no definitely approved anti-adenoviral therapy. Many studies have shown that compounds derived from medicinal plants have antiviral activity. Therefore, this study evaluated in vitro anti-adenoviral activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel. Methods: The ethanol extract of pomegranate peel was prepared with maceration method and fractionated by consecutive liquid/liquid partition. The cytotoxic and anti-adenovirus activities of the extract, fractions, and main phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, punicalagin and gallic acid) were evaluated on Hep-2 cell line using MTT assay. Inhibitory effect on adsorption and post-adsorption phases of the virus replication cycle was also evaluated. Results: Pomegranate peel extract had a desirable effect against adenovirus with IC50 of 5.77 µg/mL and selectivity index of 49.9. Among the fractions and compounds, the n-butanol fraction and gallic acid had the highest anti-adenoviral activity with IC50 of 2.16 µg/mL and 4.67 µM and selectivity indices of 122.5 and 10.5, respectively. The crude extract, n-butanol fraction and gallic acid inhibited the virus replication in post-adsorption phase (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Pomegranate peel extract, especially its n-butanol fraction, could serve as a new promising anti-adenovirus agent due to high inhibitory effect against adenovirus replication. The effect of the n-butanol fraction may be related to the synergistic effect or other compounds of this fraction. Further understanding of the bioassay guided isolation of natural compounds of this fraction seems essential

In vitro anti-herpes simplex virus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of selected iranian medicinal plant extracts

Drug resistant strains of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) have been increased recently. Essentially, medicinal plant-based new antiviral agents that are effective against HSV-1 infections are urgently required. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate in vitro anti HSV-1 activity of 25 plant extracts. In this study, the hydroalchoholic extracts of different parts of 25 medicinal plants belonging to 16 different families were prepared. Anti-HSV-1 activity was evaluated on Vero cell line using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The 50 % effective concentration (EC50) and 50 % cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the extract were determined using regression analysis. The inhibitory effect of the plant materials on adsorption and/or post-adsorption stages of HSV-1 replication cycle was determined. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the extracts were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Results showed that Pistacia atlantica Desf., Equisetum arvense L., Melissa officinalis L., Anthyllis vulneraria L., Punica granatum L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, and Crataegus azarolus L., were active against HSV-1. There was a significant association of total phenolic contents (R = 0.773, p < 0.001) and the free radical scavenging property (R = -0.684, p < 0.01) with the antiviral activity of the extracts. Some of the Iranian plant extracts studied showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and can be used to develop new and effective anti-HSV-1 agents. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved

&ITIn vitro&IT anti-herpes simplex virus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of selected Iranian medicinal plant extracts

Abstract Drug resistant strains of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) have been increased recently. Essentially, medicinal plant-based new antiviral agents that are effective against HSV-1 infections are urgently required. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate in vitro anti HSV-1 activity of 25 plant extracts. In this study, the hydroalchoholic extracts of different parts of 25 medicinal plants belonging to 16 different families were prepared. Anti-HSV-1 activity was evaluated on Vero cell line using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The 50 % effective concentration (EC50) and 50 % cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the extract were determined using regression analysis. The inhibitory effect of the plant materials on adsorption and/or post-adsorption stages of HSV-1 replication cycle was determined. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the extracts were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Results showed that Pistacia atlantica Desf, Equisetum arvense L., Melissa officinalis L., Anthyllis vulneraria L., Punica granatum L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Men. & L.M. Perry, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, and Crataegus azarolus L., were active against HSV-1. There was a significant association of total phenolic contents (R = 0.773, p < 0.001) and the free radical scavenging property (R = -0.684, p < 0.01) with the antiviral activity of the extracts. Some of the Iranian plant extracts studied showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and can be used to develop new and effective anti-HSV-1 agents

<em>In vitro</em> anti-herpes simplex virus activity, antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds of selected Iranian medicinal plant extracts

255-262Drug resistant strains of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) have been increased recently. Essentially, medicinal plant-based new antiviral agents that are effective against HSV-1 infections are urgently required. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate in vitro anti HSV-1 activity of 25 plant extracts. In this study, the hydroalchoholic extracts of different parts of 25 medicinal plants belonging to 16 different families were prepared. Anti-HSV-1 activity was evaluated on Vero cell line using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol–2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The 50 % effective concentration (EC50) and 50 % cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of the extract were determined using regression analysis. The inhibitory effect of the plant materials on adsorption and/or post-adsorption stages of HSV-1 replication cycle was determined. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of the extracts were determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Results showed that Pistacia atlantica Desf. , Equisetum arvense L ., Melissa officinalis L ., Anthyllis vulneraria L ., Punica granatum L ., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, and Crataegus azarolus L., were active against HSV-1. There was a significant association of total phenolic contents (R = 0.773, p< 0.001) and the free radical scavenging property (R = -0.684, p< 0.01) with the antiviral activity of the extracts. Some of the Iranian plant extracts studied showed potent antiviral activity against HSV-1 and can be used to develop new and effective anti-HSV-1 agents

Assessing the Current Status of Renewable Energies and Their Limitations in Iran

Innovative and more sustainable methods of supplying energy needs in the world have led to a change in the dependency model for fossil fuels, including more integrated planning and adoption of new and motivating models regarding the use of renewable energy. Today, with the reduction of fossil fuel consumption in the world, the use of renewable energy has gained an important role in the global energy mix, but according to studies, the share of renewable energy in Iran’s energy mix is very small. Therefore, the present paper attempts to present all potentialities for obtaining clean energy in Iran by assessing the current state of renewable energies. The fact that, in the present time, the real value of energy carriers is not appreciated properly in Iran, on the one hand, and the lack of willingness to invest in these energies in the private sector, which may have been less protected, on the other hand, has caused the consumption level of fossil fuels to remain unchanged, which may have some disadvantages, such as environmental damage, in addition to their utilization. The authors of the paper are of the opinion that, on the one hand, by finding solutions for bank investment problems, easing restrictive laws, providing bank with guarantees by investors, as well as modifying parts of the guaranteed electricity purchase contract for accepting foreign banks to provide loans and obtain financing, and on the other hand, by facilitating the process of obtaining land permits and connecting to these power plants, Iran is not far from reaching a reasonable rank in the world.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserve

Investigation of Biogas Production Process by the Mixture of Landfill Leachate and Animal Waste

Introduction and purpose: Energy consumption is on a rapidly growing trend in&nbsp;the world. Accordingly, the non-renewable energy sources are expected to be run&nbsp;out in the future. This issue has resulted in the establishment of efforts targeted&nbsp;toward the development of new energy-generating methods around the world.&nbsp;Biogas energy is one of the new and clean energies that is produced from the&nbsp;anaerobic digestion of biomass wastes. Anaerobic digestion is a cost-effective&nbsp;and environment-friendly method, which facilitates fertilizer and biogas&nbsp;production as well as landfill leachate treatment. Given the high environmental&nbsp;hazards of leachate and its mixture with animal wastes, the present study aimed&nbsp;to estimate the possibility of producing biogas in various mixture ratios.&nbsp;Methods: In this pilot-scale experimental study, the landfill leachate of Mashhad,&nbsp;Iran, were mixed with caw fresh dung in different ratios, but same conditions,&nbsp;under anaerobic digestion. This was conducted to consider the ability to produce&nbsp;methane gas in different proportions and landfill leachate. At the beginning and end&nbsp;of the project, the parameters of EC, pH, VS, TS, COD, TOC, P, K, N, and Na were&nbsp;measured. Additionally, the composition of the gases produced under different&nbsp;operating conditions was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry.&nbsp;Results: Gas production began three weeks after uploading and continued for five&nbsp;weeks. The analysis of gas production in three ratios was indicative of the CH4&nbsp;production in all three proportions. In this regard, 1/1 ratio produced the highest&nbsp;percentage of CH4. No gas production was observed in the two months of study.&nbsp;Other physical and chemical parameters, such as COD, TS, TKN, and TOC were&nbsp;reduced in the given mixtures during the biogas production procedure. For instance,&nbsp;the case with 1/1 ratio, which showed the best results, had almost 80% decrease in&nbsp;the given parameters. However, no gas production or change of parameters were&nbsp;observed in the control sample (leachate), which was examined for two months.&nbsp;Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed the possibility of producing&nbsp;biogas out of the mixture of waste leachate and animal wastes. Biogas reduces the&nbsp;risk of waste leachate disposal to the environment and facilitates the production&nbsp;of fertilizers containing nutrients (e.g., Na, K, N, and P), which are standard&nbsp;regarding such parameter as pH, EC, C/N, and reduced VS. Moreover, these gases&nbsp;are cost-effective and environment-friendly

Investigation of anaerobic co- digestion process effects on the removal of COD and TKN from Mashhad’s landfill leachate and cow dung

Introduction: Waste leachate contains hazardous organic compounds such as nitrogen compounds and high concentrations of poisonous compounds; the remediation of these pollutants from the environment is considered as a global problem. These pollutants make serious environmental problems through their penetration into groundwater and bioaccumulation. Therefore, leachate treatment is essential with suitable and appropriate methods. Anaerobic digestion is considered as one of the most cost-effective methods for this mean. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of an anaerobic digester in simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TKN from landfill leachate during the process of anaerobic co-digestion for landfill leachate and fresh cow dung. Materials and Methods: In this study, landfill leachate of Mashhad and cow dung was mixed in 3/1, 1/1 and 1/3 ratios. These treatments were exposed under anaerobic digestion with same conditions such as environmental temperature. COD and TKN were measured at the beginning and the end of the process. Results: In the control treatment, COD decreased about 5% and the reduction of TKN was 9.09%. Whilst COD reduction was about 65%, 75%, and 70% in the treatments of 3/1, 1/1 and 1/3 Ratio respectively. Also, TKN decreased 33.26, 82.16 and 84.73% in the 3/1, 1/1 and 1/3 Ratio correspondingly. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the applied method is an efficient and economical approach for elimination of COD and TKN from waste leachate. Because it not only is considered as an environmentally friendly method for this regard, but also it will also make economic benefits from methane production