An Overview of the Kauffman Firm Survey: Results From the 2004-2007 Data

Based on surveys conducted over four years, provides an overview of trends among U.S. firms established in 2004 and the business and owner characteristics associated with survival and growth, including level of innovation, structure, and financing

An Overview of the Kauffman Firm Survey: Results From the 2004-2008 Data

Presents findings from longitudinal data on new businesses founded in 2004, including financing structure; products, services, and innovations; and characteristics of the owners. Examines indicators of growth and survival and effects of the recession

Open Source Alternatives for Business Intelligence: Critical Success Factors for Adoption

The purpose of this research is to identify critical factors that affect the adoption of Open Source Business Intelligence (OPBI) tools and to compare the differences between OPBI and Proprietary Business Intelligence (PBI) tools. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model, an organizational adoption model was designed to analyze four cases of organizations that have adopted Business Intelligence (BI) tools. The cases were documented using a tested protocol and a set of interviews. The analysis of the cases shows that organizations with fewer resources and simpler IT selection processes tend to adopt OPBI. The most cited reason for using OPBI software is cost savings. The results also reveal that for most users OPBI does not require sophisticated BI specialists and offers as many useful features as PBI tools. These findings are important to BI vendors, users, developers, and organizations interested in adopting BI technologies

The CMU Statistical Machine Translation System

In this paper we describe the components of our statistical machine translation system. This system combines phrase-to-phrase translations extracted from a bilingual corpus using different alignment approaches. Special methods to extract and align named entities are used. We show how a manual lexicon can be incorporated into the statistical system in an optimized way. Experiments on Chinese-to-English and Arabic-to-English translation tasks are presented

Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression Affects Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, is a cytoprotective enzyme upregulated in the vasculature by increased flow and inflammatory stimuli. Human genetic data suggest that a diminished HO-1 expression may predispose one to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. In addition, heme is known to strongly induce HO-1 expression. Utilizing the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model of AAA induction in HO-1 heterozygous (HO-1+/-, HO-1 Het) mice, we found that a deficiency in HO-1 leads to augmented AAA development. Peritoneal macrophages from HO-1+/- mice showed increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including MCP-1, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6, but decreased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Furthermore, treatment with heme returned AAA progression in HO-1 Het mice to a wild-type profile. Using a second murine AAA model (Ang II-ApoE-/-), we showed that low doses of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin can induce HO-1 expression in aortic tissue and suppress AAA progression in the absence of lipid lowering. Our results support those studies that suggest that pleiotropic statin effects might be beneficial in AAA, possibly through the upregulation of HO-1. Specific targeted therapies designed to induce HO-1 could become an adjunctive therapeutic strategy for the prevention of AAA disease

Two Failures of Self-Consistency in the Multi-Step Reasoning of LLMs

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved widespread success on a variety of in-context few-shot tasks, but this success is typically evaluated via correctness rather than consistency. We argue that self-consistency is an important criteria for valid multi-step reasoning in tasks where the solution is composed of the answers to multiple sub-steps. We propose two types of self-consistency that are particularly important for multi-step reasoning -- hypothetical consistency (a model's ability to predict what its output would be in a hypothetical other context) and compositional consistency (consistency of a model's final outputs when intermediate sub-steps are replaced with the model's outputs for those steps). We demonstrate that multiple variants of the GPT-3/-4 models exhibit poor consistency rates across both types of consistency on a variety of tasks.Comment: Added GPT-4 result

TRIP6 functions in brain ciliogenesis

TRIP6, a member of the ZYXIN-family of LIM domain proteins, is a focal adhesion compo- nent. Trip6 deletion in the mouse, reported here, reveals a function in the brain: ependymal and choroid plexus epithelial cells are carrying, unexpectedly, fewer and shorter cilia, are poorly differentiated, and the mice develop hydrocephalus. TRIP6 carries numerous protein interaction domains and its functions require homodimerization. Indeed, TRIP6 disruption in vitro (in a choroid plexus epithelial cell line), via RNAi or inhibition of its homodimerization, confirms its function in ciliogenesis. Using super-resolution microscopy, we demonstrate TRIP6 localization at the pericentriolar material and along the ciliary axoneme. The requirement for homodimerization which doubles its interaction sites, its punctate localiza- tion along the axoneme, and its co-localization with other cilia components suggest a scaf- fold/co-transporter function for TRIP6 in cilia. Thus, this work uncovers an essential role of a LIM-domain protein assembly factor in mammalian ciliogenesis