7 research outputs found
Identification of peptides in traditional and probiotic sheep milk yoghurt with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity
Two sets of traditional Greek sheep milk yoghurt were produced: the first one (YC) using normal yoghurt culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus !10.13 and Streptococcus thermophilus !10.7) and the second (PR) with the same normal culture mixed with Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei DC412. YC and PR had similar physicochemical properties and proteolysis patterns throughout storage. Both products showed similar peptide profiles by RP-HPLC but quantitative differences were observed in respect to storage time. Single-strain cultures of the microorganisms used showed similar peptide profiles for both lactobacilli, yet L. delbrueckii subsp.
bulgaricus was the most proteolytic of all three microorganisms. The peptide content and the ACE-inhibitory activity of the water-soluble extracts of yoghurts, YC and PR, increased throughout storage. Major peptides were identified from yoghurt PR and from the separate cultures of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei. Most of these peptides were derived from b-casein. A peptide,
b-CN f114-121, with well-established ACE-inhibitory and opiate-like activity was identified in yoghurt PR. Further identified peptides were regarded as potential ACE-inhibitors according to their sequence
Caractéristiques des principales variétés de fromages traditionnels régionaux des pays de l'est méditerranéen : une revue
Traditional cheeses represent a heritage and are the
result of accumulated empirical knowledge passed on from generation to
generation. Pedoclimatic conditions in most parts of the East-Mediterranean and
neighbouring countries are characterised by relatively small and irregular
precipitations, hot and dry summers, and a largely hilly terrain. Such
environmental conditions are not very favourable for cattle but suitable for
sheep and goats. Thus, the majority of traditional cheeses in these countries
were – and most of them still are – made from the milk of these two animals. The
relatively high ambient temperature, the lack of refrigeration facilities
and the fact that most of the cheeses were produced in family enterprises or
in small artisanal units led the cheese market to be dominated ( 50%)
by “white brined cheeses” (WBC), which are ripened and stored under brine
until consumption, e.g. Feta, Domiati and Beyaz-Peynir. WBC have no rind, no
gas holes and are soft to semi-hard with an acidic (pH 4.5), salty
and, some of them, piquant taste. To improve keeping quality, the drained
curd of some WBC is additionally scalded at very high temperatures
(90–100 °C), e.g. Halloumi and Nabulsi. Traditional cheeses of the region
also include pasta filata semi-hard cheeses (e.g. Kashkaval), the curd of which after
draining and acidification (pH 5.2) is subjected to a texturising
process (heating, kneading and stretching at 75 °C). They usually
have a flat-cylindrical shape, no holes and straw-yellow to yellow colour. Whey
cheese production (e.g. Myzithra, Manouri, Lor, Anari, Urda and Skuta) was
developed very early in this area, since the whey from sheep's and goat's milk
cheese is very rich in protein. The yield can be improved if the milk of these
small ruminants and/or cream is added to the whey.Les fromages traditionnels
représentent un héritage résultant des savoirs empiriques
accumulés et transmis de génération en génération. Les
conditions pédoclimatiques dans la plupart des pays de l'est
méditerranéen et ses voisins sont caractérisées par des
précipitations relativement faibles et irrégulières, des
étés chauds et secs et un terrain généralement vallonné.
De telles conditions environnementales ne sont pas favorables pour les
bovins mais conviennent bien aux ovins et caprins. La majorité des
fromages traditionnels de ces pays ont été ou sont encore
fabriqués à partir du lait de ces deux espèces. La
température ambiante relativement élevée, le manque de
réfrigération et le fait que la plupart des fromages sont produits
dans des petites unités (familiales ou artisanales) font que le
marché du fromage est dominé ( 50 %) par des fromages blancs
saumurés qui sont affinés et conservés dans la saumure
jusqu'à consommation, par exemple le Feta, le Domiati, le Beyaz-Peynir.
Les fromages blancs saumurés n'ont pas de croûte ni de trous, ils
ont une texture molle à demi-dure, et un goût acide (pH
4,5), salé et pour certains d'entre eux piquant. Pour améliorer la
qualité de conservation, le caillé égoutté de quelques
fromages blancs saumurés est chauffé à des températures
très élevées (90–100 °C), comme par exemple le Halloumi et
le Nabulsi. Les fromages traditionnels de la région incluent aussi des
fromages à pâte filée demi-dure (par exemple le Kashkaval), dont
le caillé est soumis à des procédés de texturation
(chauffage, découpage, filage à 75 °C) après
égouttage et acidification (pH 5,2). Ils ont
généralement une forme plate cylindrique, pas de trous et une
couleur jaune-paille à jaune. La production de fromage de lactosérum
(par exemple Myzithra, Manouri, Lor, Anari, Urda, Skuta) a été
développée très tôt dans cette région, puisque le
lactosérum de fromage de lait de brebis et de lait de chèvre est
très riche en protéines. Le rendement peut être amélioré
si du lait de ces petits ruminants et/ou de la crème sont ajoutés au
lactosérum
Characteristics of major traditional regional cheese varieties of East-Mediterranean countries: a review
Whey cheeses (heat coagulated)
This chapter discusses various types of whey cheeses such as, Anari cheese, Anthotyros cheese and Manouri Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese. Anari is a whey cheese produced during the manufacture of Halloumi cheese. Fresh Anari is a soft, high-moisture, fragile cheese, with a very mild nutty sweet flavour, and it can be sold in vacuum packs either slightly salted or not. Anari cheese is usually dried, under cold air streams, in specially designed drying rooms until it becomes hard and easy to grate. Anthotyros cheese has a compact, closed body and a typical mild pleasant flavour. Manouri is a whey cheese which is manufactured in Thessaly, Western and Central Macedonia. Manouri cheese has a compact, closed body and a rich flavour with creamy, fatty notes. Mesost and Messmör are unripened whey cheeses that differ from each other only in water content. Mesost and Messmör contain milk sugar, lactose, whey proteins and sometimes milk fat