Multiple-antenna-aided OFDM employing genetic-algorithm-assisted minimum bit error rate multiuser detection

The family of minimum bit error rate (MBER) multiuser detectors (MUD) is capable of outperforming the classic minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) MUD in terms of the achievable bit-error rate (BER) owing to directly minimizing the BER cost function. In this paper,wewill invoke genetic algorithms (GAs) for finding the optimum weight vectors of the MBER MUD in the context of multiple-antenna-aided multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) .We will also show that the MBER MUD is capable of supporting more users than the number of receiver antennas available, while outperforming the MMSE MUD

On the scalar curvature of constant mean curvature hypersurfaces in space forms

In this paper we study the behavior of the scalar curvature $S$ of a complete hypersurface immersed with constant mean curvature into a Riemannian space form of constant curvature, deriving a sharp estimate for the infimum of $S$. Our results will be an application of a weak Omori-Yau maximum principle due to Pigola, Rigoli and Setti \cite{PRS}.Comment: Final version (August 2009). To appear in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. Dedicated to Professor Marcos Dajczer on the occasion of his 60th birthda

Machine Learning based Early Stage Identification of Liver Tumor using Ultrasound Images

Liver cancer is one of the most malignant diseases and its diagnosis requires more computational time. It can be minimized by applying a Machine learning algorithm for the diagnosis of cancer. The existing machine learning technique uses only the color-based methods to classify images which are not efficient. So, it is proposed to use texture-based classification for diagnosis. The input image is resized and pre-processed by Gaussian filters. The features are extracted by applying Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Local binary pattern (LBP in the preprocessed image. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is an efficient texture operator which labels the pixels of an image by thresholding the neighborhood of each pixel and considers the result as a binary number. The extracted features are classified by multi-support vector machine (Multi SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms. The Advantage of combining SVM with KNN is that SVM measures a large number of values whereas KNN accurately measures point values. The results obtained from the proposed techniques achieved high precision, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity than the existing method

Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Solution State, Spectral Studies and Theoretical Treatment of Pd(II) , Pt(IV) and Au(III) ions Complexes Containing 2-Benzamide Benzothiazole

2-benzamide benzothiazole complexes of Pd(II) , Pt(IV) and Au(III) ions were prepared by microwave assisted radiation. The ligand and the complexes were isolated and characterized in solid state by using FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis CHNS , magnetic susceptibility measurements , melting points and conductivity measurements. The nature of complexes in liquid state was studied by following the molar ratio method which gave results approximately identical to those obtained from isolated solid state; also, stability constant of the prepared complexes were studied and found that they were stable in molar ratio 1:1.The complexes have a sequar planner geometry except Pt(IV) complex has octahedral . A theoretical treatment of ligand and its metal complexes in gas phase were studied using HyperChem-8 program, moreover, ligand in gas phase also has been studied using Gaussian program(GaussView Currently Available Version (5.0.9) along with Gaussian 09 which was the latest in the Gaussian series of programs)

Synthesis, spectroscopic study of Pt (IV), Au (III), Rh(III),Co(II) and V (IV) complexes with sodium[5-(p-nitro phenyl) -/4- phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-dithiocarbamato hydrazide] and cytotoxicity assay on rhabdomyosarcoma cell line of heavy metals

All the prepared metal complexes of Pt (IV), Au(III), Rh (III), Co (II) and V(IV) with new ligand sodium [5-(p-nitro phenyl)-/4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-dithiocarbamato hydrazide] (TRZ.DTC) have been synthesized and characterized in solid state by using flame atomic absorption, elemental analysis C.H.N.S, FT-IR ,UV-Vis Spectroscopy, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The nature of the complexes formed in ethanolic solution has been studied following the molar ratio method also was studied stability constant and found to be stable in molar ratio1:1 of VL (IV) and CoL(II) while Pt(IV), Au(III) and Rh(III) complexes stable in molar ratio 1:2 as well as the molar absorptivity for these complexes were calculated. From the previous analyses, octahedral geometry was suggested for Pt (IV), Rh (III) and Co (II) complexes, square planar was suggested for Au(III) complex while V(IV) complex has a square pyramidal. Cytotoxic effect of PtL, AuL and RhL as well as ligand has been evaluated against RD cell line by using four different concentrations (500, 250, 125 & 62.5 µg/ml) respectively in three exposure times 24, 48 and 72 hrs and compared this effect with control positive Cis-Pt

Perilaku Dan Musuh Alami Kupu Endemik Sulawesi Papilio Blumei: Acuan Dalam Konservasi

Papilio blumei is an endemic butterfly of Sulawesi and especially in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. This research was to observed of the behaviour and natural enemies of P. blumei in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park. The behaviour of the insect were mating, foraging, competiting, ovipositing and mud-puddling. Life table was used for analysis of mortality factors, therefore the number of mortality was analyzed by key-factors formulation. The result indicated that mating strategies is patrolling. Foraging activity of the sixth instar was the highest compared to the other instars and the lowest one activity of the prapupa stadium of P. blumei. Nectar host plants for the imago of butterfly were Sarcosephalum latifolius and Eugenia sp. There was Scudderia sp. as an interspesific competitor for larval P. blumei. The intraspesific competitor of the imago stage was male of P. blumei. Female P. blumei laid eggs on abaxial leaf E.hupehensis and the eggs hatched after six days. The larva of P. blumei has a overheating behaviour and the adults has a mud puddling. The natural enemies of P.blumei is Trichogramma sp., with k value = 0.381, Pteromalus sp., with k value = 0.125 and Formica sp., with k value = 0.096

Reclassifying forest type to a new forest class based on vegetation and lithology characteristics using geographic information system at southern Johore, Malaysia

Recently forest resources management with regard to precision forestry concept has been highlighted by forest managers, in order to fulfill the demand on quality and reliable information about forest area. According to the Malaysian National Forestry Act 1984, forest is classified into several types by general classification which is based on vegetation types broadly into dipterocarp forest, peat swamp forest and mangrove forest. In applying precision forestry approach, details classification and information are required to render more accurate about managed forest. Therefore, this study was carried out to reclassify forest type to a new forest class based on vegetation and lithology characteristic using GIS technique. Ten new classes were successfully generated and mapped by fusing layer of forest vegetation types and lithology layer in Southern Johore, namely Dipterocarp-Igneous, Dipterocarp-Sediment, Dipterocarp-Alluvial, Peat-Igneous, Peat-Sediment, Peat-Alluvial, Mangrove-Igneous, Mangrove-Sediment, Mangrove-Alluvial and Limestone forest. In this study, Syzygium spp. (19.83 %) was found in abundance in two new forest classes; Dipterocarp-Igneous and Dipterocarp-Sediment forest in Hulu Sedili Permanent Forest Reserve (PFR). Beside that, Elateriospermum tapos (9.92 %) and family of Lauraceae (7.22 %) were found to be the most dominant species in the Dipterocarp-Sediment forest, while Macaranga spp. (11.21 %) and Elateriospermum tapos (11.02 %) found dominant in Dipterocarp-Igneous forest. From the sample plot, Dipterocarpaceae family constituted only 3.09 % whereas the non-Dipterocarpaceae family was 96.91 %. Hence, this study indicated that there is variation in species dominancy at different lithology of the same forest vegetation site