Patterns and Pathways: Applying Social Network Analysis to Understand User Behavior in the Tourism Industry Websites

The contemporary tourism landscape is undergoing rapid digitization, necessitating a nuanced comprehension of online user behavior to guide data-driven decision-making. This research bridges an existing gap by investigating the tourism website ecosystem through social network analysis. It focuses specifically on inter-website communication patterns based on user navigation. Data mining facilitates the identification of 162 core Iranian tourism websites, which are visualized as an interconnected network with websites as nodes and user transitions as weighted directed edges. By implementing community detection, eight key clusters are discerned, encompassing domains like ticket/tour bookings, accommodations, location services, and cuisine. Further analysis of inter-community relationships reveals website groupings frequently accessed together by users, highlighting complementary services sought during travel planning. The research derives invaluable insights into user preferences and information propagation within the tourism ecosystem. The methodology and findings contribute original perspectives to academia while offering pragmatic strategic recommendations to industry stakeholders like service providers, investors, and policymakers. This pioneering exploration of latent user behavior patterns advances comprehension of the evolving digital tourism landscape in Iran. It contributes pathways toward a sustainable future vision of the ecosystem, guiding stakeholders in targeted decision-making based on empirical evidence derived from social network analysis of websites and consumption patterns. The innovative methodology expands the toolkit for data-driven tourism research within academia

Assessment of Geometrical Symmetry and Shape Effect of Parts Produced Through Deep Drawing Operation

Abstracts: In this article, we investigated the effects of geometrical symmetry and shape of the parts produced through a deep drawing process. Deep drawing is one of the frequently applied methods in sheet metal forming. Optimizing the involved factors is one of the most important research fields for decreasing production costs. In order to optimize the effective factors engaged in a deep drawing process, we used the Finite Element Method (FEM), the process simulation method and the Taguchi technique for Design of Experiments (DOE), and we have finally analyzed the results based on variance (ANOVA). Therefore, effectuality of six different factors on the least final thickness of produced parts investigated for five symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes. Results express that the symmetry or asymmetry of shapes has no considerable effect on quality characteristic. The effectuality of strain hardening coefficient becomes ignorable by geometrical symmetry reduction. The blank holder force has no considerable effect on quality characteristic. Die radii are most influential on quality characteristic when the material flow is not encountered with geometrical barriers (corners or sharp carves). The effect of punch radii on quality characteristic increases a little by reducing the axial symmetry of shapes

Evaluating the drinking waters microbial flora of reverse osmosis treatment systems in kashan city during summer and autumn (2015)

According to the various difficulties of Distillation desalination system,currently the membrane technology such as Reverse Osmosis (RO) is more useful. High concentration of dissolve solids in supplying water resources in Kashan caused a bad taste and reduced the consumer’s desire for using such water,and often they used treated water in a way that at the conducting time of this study,20 centers treated the water by RO method in the city. Therefore,this study evaluated the microbial flora of produced drinking water of RO treatment system in Kashan city during summer and autumn 2015. In this study the census method have used and the sampling have done from all the RO water treatment centers of the city. Three input,output and after storage,samples have taken. The evaluation of the temperature,residual chlorine,TDS,the storage time,and RO membrane operation time in samples have done. The HPC test has done on the samples in the laboratory and the positive plates have identified in terms of bacterial spices. The tests have repeated in four months of the year from July to October. The results showed 95% residual chlorine in the input samples and the HPC test for these samples showed no contamination. The sample contamination after treatment and the tank were 8 and 15% respectively. In addition,the most contamination level have related to September,which the samples temperature in this month reach its highest level. The Pearson coefficient results showed that there was a significant relation between the Heterotroph colonies number and the residual chlorine and temperature parameters,which was consistent with Karami et al. in Kermanshah and Dobaradaran et al. in Esfahan studies. In addition,there was a significant relation between the Heterotroph colonies number and storage time and RO membrane operation time

Small Signal Monitoring of Power System using Subspace System Identification

In this paper, small signal analysis of power systems is investigated using Subspace System Identification (SSI) methods. Classical small signal analysis methods for power systems are based on mathematical modeling and linearized model of power system in an especial operating point. There are some difficulties when such a classical method is applied, specially, in the case of large power systems. In this paper, such difficulties and their bases are investigated and in order to avoid them, it is suggested to use SSI algorithms for small signal analysis of power systems. The paper discusses extracting of small signal properties of power systems and presents some new suggestions for application of subspace system identification methods. Different types of subspace system identification algorithms were applied to different power system case studies using the presented propositions. The benefits and drawbacks of subspace system identification methods and the presented suggestions are studied for small signal analysis of power systems and power system monitoring. Several comparisons were investigated using computer simulations. The results express the usefulness and easiness of proposed methods

Optimization of fermentative hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket fixed film bioreactor

AbstractFermentative hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket fixed film bioreactor was optimized using response surface methodology with a central composite design. The simultaneous effects of two independent operating variables, i.e. feed flow rate (QF) and up-flow velocity (Vup) on biological hydrogen production was investigated. The operating variables were varied to cover a wide range of organic loading rates from 10 to 60 g COD L−1 d−1. The dependent parameters as multiple responses were evaluated. Experimental results showed the highest value of yield at 0.31 L H2 g−1 COD was obtained at QF and Vup of 1.7 L d−1 and 0.5 m h−1, respectively. The optimum conditions for the fermentative hydrogen production using pre-settled POME were QF = 2.0–3.7 L d−1 and Vup = 1.5–2.3 m h−1. The experimental results agreed very well with the model prediction

The Effect of Iraqi Kurdistan Associative Democracy on the Iranian Kurdish Counter-Revolution

Kurdish counter-revolutionary movements are one of the causes of insecurity in the west of the country, which fled to northern Iraq after the imposed war. On the other hand, the fall of Saddam in 2003 changed the political structure of Iraq. In the context of Iraq's ethnic and religious heterogeneity, a consensus-based democracy was chosen to govern Iraq instead of Western-majority democracies. This model of government had effects and consequences that sometimes led to a change in the position and power of the Iraqi Kurds. Given the unified identity and identical historical and cultural background of the Kurds, this change will have implications for the Kurds of other countries, including the Iranian Kurdish counter-revolutionary parties. The purpose of this study was to provide an appropriate explanation regarding the impact of this trend on counter-revolutionary currents. This research is of applied type and qualitative method with descriptive and analytical approach. The theoretical framework of Lechfart's model of association democracy is based on 20 Kurdish counter-revolutionary experts and the Iraqi Kurdistan region to ensure the reliability of the research. It is suggested to increase the cost of hosting Iranian Kurdish anti-revolutionary parties for the Kurdistan region of Iraq

The Impact of Consociational Democracy in Iraqi Kurdistan on Iranian Kurdish Anti-Revolution Parties

IntroductionIranian Kurdish anti-Revolution parties have been a source of insecurity in western Iran, undergoing significant changes in their movement over time. Following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, they exploited the vacuum in central power and the nascent revolution, creating instability and insecurity in Iran’s territories against the central government and people residing in Kurdish regions. Later, as the central government established itself and brought peace and order to the country, these parties sought refuge in Iraq under Saddam Hussein’s regime, which was then at war with Iran. After Saddam’s fall, they fled to northern Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan, citing a shared Kurdish identity as the reason. Understanding the roots of their presence in northern Iraq and their impact on Iraqi Kurdistan requires examination of the current power structure in Iraq and sociological analysis of its ethnic and religious dynamics, especially during the democratization process in the post-Saddam era.The overthrow of Saddam Hussein had a profound impact on Iraq’s political structure, resulting in consociational  democracy as the replacement. Consociational   democracy, as an alternative for majoritarian democracy, relies on the cooperation and agreement of the power elite and parties involved in heterogeneous societies. Given Iraq’s unique cultural, social, and historical factors, it was not feasible for majoritarian democracy to ensure public participation and protect minority rights. Even consociational democracy has its own consequences and effects. In Iraq, consociational democracy led to changes in the power dynamics and positions of the Iraqi Kurds. These changes had implications beyond Iraq, affecting the Kurds of other countries—including Iranian Kurdish anti-Revolution parties—given their shared identity and common historical and cultural background. The main question of the research is, what is the impact of consociational  democracy and the institutionalization of power in Iraqi Kurdistan on Iranian Kurdish anti-Revolution parties? Literature ReviewUsing analytical and descriptive methods, Pourahmadi et al. (2016) examined the obstacles facing the democratization process in Iraq. The results revealed multiple factors including ongoing insecurity and political instability, low levels of economic and social development indicators, weak civil political culture, and other factors that exacerbate these crises. Nasri and Rezaei (2018) adopted an analytical–descriptive approach to examine the limitations and possibilities of the Iraqi Kurdistan region in achieving independence. The results concluded that currently, due to structural constraints, geopolitical nature, and resistance from neighboring countries, complete independence for the Iraqi Kurdistan region is not feasible. Relying on the content analysis method, Mohammadi (2008) studied ethnic divisions and their role in ethnic divergence within the country. The results indicated that in regions with higher social divides, there is greater ethnic divergence, while areas with intersecting divides experience lesser divergence.Materials and MethodsThe present research used a qualitative method and a descriptive–analytical model to investigate the impact of consociational democracy and institutionalization of power in Iraqi Kurdistan on Iranian Kurdish anti-Revolution parties.The research employed Lijphart’s perspective on consociational democracy as a theoretical framework and applied it to the Iraqi context. The main objective of the study was to offer a thorough analysis of how consociationalism and power institutionalization in Iraq have impacted Iranian Kurdish anti-Revolution parties.Lijphart identified four key criteria for consociational democracy: grand coalitions, proportionality, mutual veto rights, and segmental autonomy or federalism. These criteria were incorporated into the government structure of Iraq after 2005. This study analyzed the impact of this democratic process on Iraqi society, including the Kurdish population, and assessed the effects of changes in Iraqi Kurdish society on Iranian Kurdish movements, particularly anti-Revolution movements. To ensure the study’s reliability, the researchers relied on 20 experts, including university professors and specialists in the issues related to Iraq, Iraqi Kurdistan, and the Kurdish anti-Revolution front. Additionally, the results of in-depth questionnaires were used to formulate and compare the findings.ConclusionIn conclusion, the consociational democracy and institutionalization of power in Iraqi Kurdistan have led to a shift in the autonomy strategy and the adoption of federalism among Iranian Kurdish anti-Revolution parties. As a result, their independence and centrifugal tendencies have increased. The discourse of autonomy among these parties has evolved into a discourse of federalism, influenced by Iraqi Kurdish politics. This shift does not diminish the significance or meaning of the process, but rather opens up a more nuanced discussion of separatism, including the right to self-determination and a Kurdish independence referendum within a federal framework. Federalism is a more appealing and populist concept for the anti-Revolution parties. These armed groups have continued to provide military and urban warfare training to the Peshmerga forces in the Kurdistan region and occasionally engage in guerrilla attacks on Iran’s borders. Since the fall of Saddam’s regime, Iraqi Kurdistan has become a base of support for Kurdish anti-Revolution forces, enabling them to create pursue instability in western Iran and pursue their separatist agenda through both soft and hard tactics.Due to the strong sense of Kurdish identity, the Kurdish society and the Kurdish anti-Revolution are inevitably influenced by Iraqi Kurdistan. This issue should be addressed in order to control the peace and security of the borders. In this line, it is suggested that the costs of hosting the Kurdish anti-Revolution in the Iraqi Kurdistan region be increased for both the regional government and the central government of Iraq. This can be achieved by relying on soft power, diplomatic efforts, and negations with the Kurdish and Iraqi authorities, or if necessary, by resorting to military power