Investigation Of Potential Weathered Ree-Bearing Granitoid Crust From Dinding District Of Western Tin Belt, Peninsular Malaysia

This research interpreted a green and sustainable exploration strategy of ion-adsorption type REE clay potential deposits with minimum or free radioactive issues in some prone districts of western Peninsula Malaysia. An intensive characterizationstudy was conducted on two sets of samples from Dinding district located within the western part of Malaysian tin granite belt. Understanding REEs characterization andgeochemical behaviour among weathered crusts of granitoids as well as their leachability were the main objectives of this study. The study was conducted based on the field and microscopic investigations, XRD, FTIR Spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, XRF, ICP-MS, CEC determination and batch leaching of clay hosted REEs. Petrographical study and geochemical analysis showed granitoids in Lumut (LU) and Telok Murok (TM) sites were ilmenite-series, mainly peraluminous, S-type which were classified into syeno-granite and monzo-granite, respectively with k-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase and mica group as major minerals. Apatite, monazite, zircon, allanite, titanite and ilmenite were accessory minerals in LU site whilst, TM site was indicated by zircon, apatite and allanite. XRD analysis showed the presence of kaolin and smectite rich clay groups, whilst phlogopite was common mica in parent granites. In both sites, depletion of REE+Y (REY) content in horizon A was considerably apparent, whilst REY enriched in horizon B and/or C. The maximum content of REY could be as high as 3500 ppm in horizon B2 and /or C analyzed by ICP-MS. Total REE content (TRE) of the weathered crust is relatively elevated compared to the parent rocks (3 to 7 times), in horizon B and C of both sites. The chondrite normalized diagrams showed a downward tendency of positive to negative Ce anomaly with LREE enrichment in both sites. However, the mass balance of REE mineral components between each horizon in both sites are different. In batch leaching experiments, TRE extraction levels of ~70% ~ 90% for both sites were achieved with relatively lower extraction of 50-80% for HREEs

Comparison of sedative effect of midazolam and propofol in patients with renal failure

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: دیالیز صفاقی روشی از دیالیز است که بیشتر در اطفال کاربرد دارد. برای کارگذاری کاتتر دیالیز صفاقی به آرام بخشی (Sedation) نیاز است که معمولاً با دو داروی میدازولام و فنتانیل انجام می شود. ولی در بعضی از مطالعات از پروپوفول نیز در بیماران کلیوی در بخش مراقبت های ویژه استفاده شده است. با توجه به این که مطالعه ای در مورد مقایسه اثر سداتیو میدازولام با پروپوفول در جراحی کارگذاری کاتتر دیالیز صفاقی انجام نشده است، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی مقایسه ای اثر آرامبخشی میدازولام با پروپوفول به همراه فنتانیل در بیماران با نارسائی کلیه که نیاز به کارگذاری کاتتر دیالیز صفاقی دارند، انجام شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تعداد 44 بیمار با رنج سنی 65-18 سال، وضعیت فیزیکی کلاس سه و چهار (ASA III, IV) که دارای نارسایی کلیه بوده و کاندیدای کارگذاری کاتتر دیالیز صفاقی بودند به طور تصادفی به دو گروه 22 نفره تقسیم شدند. به گروه اول پروپوفول (50 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم وزن بیمار) به همراه فنتانیل و به گروه دوم میدازولام (50 میکروگرم در کیلوگرم وزن بیمار) به همراه فنتانیل تزریق گردیده، سپس میزان اشیاع اکسیژن، ضربان قلب، فشارخون و سدیشن اسکور (با استفاده از اسکور Ramsay) قبل و بعد از مداخله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. علائم بالینی مورد نیاز توسط محققین در پرسشنامه مخصوص جمع آوری و با استفاده از آزمون آماری من ویتنی وt-test بررسی شد. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، پروپوفول نسبت به میدازولام آرامبخشی بیشتر و بهتری را ایجاد کرد (001/0

A comparative study on the effects of thiopental and ketamine, in patients under electroconvulsive therapy

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: دارو در بیهوشی مورد استفاده در تشنج درمانی الکتریکی (ECT) همراه با معایبی از جمله درد و تورم در محل تزریق، کوتاه بودن مدت تشنج، انقباض زودرس بطنی و برادیکاردی سینوسی هستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه کتامین با تیوپنتال سدیم از نظر طول مدت تشنج، تغییرات همودینامیکی و مدت زمان ریکاوری در بیماران تحت ECT انجام شد. روش بررسی: این کارآزمایی بالینی دوسویه کور در مرکز پزشکی نور اصفهان بر روی 16 بیمار کاندیدای ECT انجام شد. در یک جلسه ECT از داروی کتامین به میزان mg/kg 1 به همراه میدازولام (گروه K) و در جلسه دوم از داروی تیوپنتال سدیم به میزان mg/kg5/2 (گروه T) استفاده گردید (نیمی از بیماران در جلسه اول تیوپنتال و نیم دیگر کتامین دریافت کردند). طول مدت تشنج بر اساس مانیتورینگ الکتروانسفالوگرام (EEG)، فشارخون سیستولیک، دیاستولیک و تعداد ضربان نبض در دقیقه بیمار قبل از مداخله، بلافاصله و 3، 5،10 و 15 دقیقه بعد از ECT و همچنین فاصله زمانی بین انجام ECT و هوشیاری مجدد تعیین و ثبت گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t زوج، مک نمار، ویلکاکسون و آنالیز واریانس مشاهدات تکرار شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سنی و وزنی بیماران به ترتیب 83/10±81/30 سال و 94/10±72/61 کیلوگرم بود .میانگین مدت زمان تشنج در گروه تیوپنتال سدیم 8/5±3/26 ثانیه و در گروه کتامین 4/6±4/32 ثانیه بود (001/0

Is Admission Serum Sodium Concentration a Clinical Predictor for the Outcome of Therapy in Critically Ill Poisoned Patients?

BACKGROUND Disorders of serum sodium concentration are some of the most electrolyte abnormalities in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients. These disorders adversely affect the function of vital organs and are associated with increased hospital mortality. PURPOSE In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effects of serum sodium concentration abnormalities at the time of hospital admission on the clinical outcome of therapy in a cohort of critically ill poisoned patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 184 critically ill poisoned patients aged >18 years and in the first 8 hours of their poisoning, hospitalized in the ICU of a tertiary care university hospital (Isfahan, Iran) between 2010-2012, were evaluated at the admission time and 24 hours later for serum sodium concentration abnormalities and its relationship with age, gender, consciousness status, ingested drugs and clinical outcome of therapy. The clinical outcome was considered as recovery and mortality. Logistic Regression analysis was performed for predictive variables including serum sodium concentration abnormalities in patients' clinical outcome. FINDINGS On admission, 152 patients (82.6%) were eunatremic, 21 patients (11.4%) were hyponatremic and 11 patients (6%) were hypernatremic. In the second day eunatremia, hyponatremia and hypernatremia was observed in 84.4%, 13% and 2.2% respectively. Age (OR=1.92; CI=1.18-3.12) and severity of toxicity (OR=1.32; CI=1.12-2.41) were predicting factors of mortality in ICU poisoning patients. CONCLUSIONS Serum sodium concentration abnormalities are prevalent in critically ill poisoned patient but do not seem to have a predictive value for the clinical outcome of therapy

Effects of administration of omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E supplementation on adiponectin gene expression in PBMCs and serum adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels in male patients with CAD

Objective: Adiponectin is a unique anti-atherogenic adipocytokine. Regulation of adiponectin secretion is dysfunctional in cardiovascular diseases. The current trial study assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E on adiponectin gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP; also called ap2 and FABP4) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 67 male patients with CAD. First of the four group of participants received 4 g/day omega-3 fatty acids plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), second group 4 g/day omega-3 fatty acids plus vitamin E placebo (OP), or both omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E placebos (PP) for 8 weeks. Adiponectin gene expression and serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels were evaluated. Results: The combination of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E in patients with CAD affected their serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels and the adiponectin/FABP4 ratio significantly. In the OP group, serum adiponectin levels did not change significantly. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids with and without vitamin E had no significant effect on adiponectin gene expression. Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E improve adiponectin levels in patients, without any significant changes in adiponectin gene expression. This nutritional intervention may prevent complications in patients with CAD because of increased adiponectin levels. (Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 15: 981-9

Vitamin A supplementation reduces the Th17-Treg – Related cytokines in obese and non-obese women

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum Th17 (IL-6, IL-17, IFNγ) and Treg (TGF-β, IL-10) related cytokines in obese and non-obese women. Subjects and methods In a randomized double blind placebo controlled design, 56 obese women were randomly assigned to receive either an oral dose of 25,000 IU retinyl palmitate or placebo per day for 4 months. Twenty eight ages matched non-obese women were also received vitamin A. At the study entry, anthropometric variables were measured and serum Th17 and Treg related cytokine profile were determined at baseline and 4 months after intervention. Results Significantly higher baseline concentrations of IL-6 were observed in obese compared with non-obese women (P < 0.05). However, the initial concentrations of other cytokines were not significantly different between groups. The mean concentrations of IL-17 and TGF-β were significantly decreased after vitamin A supplementation in non-obese and obese women respectively. Positive relationships between IL-17 and IL-10 (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), TGF-β and IL-17 (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and between IL-10 and IFN-γ (r = 0.41, P = 0.002) in total participants were also observed. Conclusions The results of the present study showed for the first time that vitamin A supplementation reduces serum concentrations of IL-17 and TGF-β in reproductive age women. Further studies are needed to explore the possible underlying mechanisms