Corrigendum to “Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: In vitro and in vivo studies” [Toxicol. Rep. 7 (2020) 637–648, (S2214750019304202), (10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.011)]

The author regrets, that the manuscript made an inadvertent error in the layout of composite Fig. 10 (the corners of Fig. 10B and 10C for different experimental conditions overlapped). After investigating the causes of the error and carefully checking the source data, the error noted by the interested Reader (https://www.pubpeer.com/publications/8C7547CE40467671FA999B10747399) was corrected. The authors express their gratitude to the Reader who discovered this error. Corrected Fig. 10 is shown below. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused. DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.011Link to the corrected article: [https://farfar.pharmacy.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3593

Momordica and Pycnogenol Can Tolerate Imazamox Induced Toxicity in L929 Cells Line: In Vitro Study

Undesirable side effects that result from the random use of herbicides in developing countries are widespread. Imazamox is a widely used herbicide and has toxic effect on humans. Momordica charantia has been reported to possess many benefits and medicinal properties. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural plant extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster Aiton and has potent antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of pycnogenol and momardica on induced imazamox toxicity effects on L929 fibroblast cell line. L929 fibroblast cells were cultured in the appropriate culture medium. Toxic concentration of imazamox 250 μM, were administered 30 min prior to momordica and pycnogenol (10−1–10−5 concentration) on L929 fibroblast cell line for 24 h. The cell viability assay was determined by using MTT test. TAC-TOS analysis were used to evaluate antioxidant and oxidant status. According to our study pycnogenol high dose showned protective effect whereas momordica low dose showned protective effect p < 0.05. In current study pycnogenol increased TAC capacity in high dose but in lower dose pycnogenol did not show any promise (p < 0.05). Momordica results showed correlation with MTT result. According to this analyse momordica only in low dose increased anti oxidant capacity and in addition, only in low dose TOS level were decreased (p > 0.05). In conclusion momordica and pycnogenol showed promise to reduced imazamox toxicity

The study of diazepam, pregabalin and glucose effect on glutamate toxicity: In vitro study

In this study we used pregabalin, diazepam and glucose for evaluating which one are more effective agents against glutamate induced neurotoxicity. After cortex culture preparation glutamate toxicity induced by adding 10-5 mM glutamate to each wells except negative control group. After 10 min different dose of diazepam, pregabalin and glucose were added for 24 h and then 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Total Antioxidant Status (TAC) and Total oxidant status (TOS) assays were done. Diazepam, dose dependently shows neuroprotective effects and low dose of diazepam did not increase cell viability higher than 80 %. Combination groups only in high dose increased neurons viability. Total Antioxidant capacity of Pregabalin also show correlation with diazepam groups and highest dose of both show nearest value to negative control group. In addition, lowest and highest oxidant level were gained by the negative and positive control groups respectively. Except high dose of combination group, all groups show statically difference in compare with the negative control group P [Med-Science 2018; 7(4.000): 797-801

Effects of chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlormequat, deltamethrin, glyphosate, pirimiphos-methyl, tebuconazole and their mixture on oxidative stress and toxicity in HUVEC cell line

Background and Aims: Humans and animals have daily contact with various chemicals, including food additives, pesticides, antibiotics, other veterinary drugs, and other xenobiotics. Pesticide exposure causes many health disorders. Mixed exposure to pesticides is an important issue for human and environmental health

Is Ketamine Suitable for Use in Glutamate Toxicity Conditions?: An In Vitro Study

Ketamine is an anesthetic agent with sedative and analgesic properties frequently used in surgery. However, particular anesthetic substances need to be applied for different diseases and surgical procedures. Can ketamine be used in all operations and in all patients with an additional disease? The purpose of this study was to determine the neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects of different dosages of ketamine in a glutamate-derived toxicity model in olfactory, cortex and cerebellum cell cultures. Glutamate 10−5 mM was added to all culture groups with the exception of the negative control group. Cells were exposed to four different dosages of ketamine for 24 h. At the end of the experiment, analyses were conducted using MTT, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and flow cytometry (annexin V apoptosis marker) tests. The highest viability rate was obtained at the lowest ketamine dosage, at approximately 80% in cerebellum cells, but less than 75% in cortex and olfactory culture cells. Based on our study findings, although ketamine is an NMDA antagonist, it causes an increase in toxicity levels and a decrease in cell viability. Ketamine use should therefore be avoided in neurological events in which glutamate levels increase significantly

In Vitro Investigation of the Effects of Imidacloprid on AChE, LDH, and GSH Levels in the L-929 Fibroblast Cell Line

Objectives: There are several types of pesticides to control pests and several new types coming into use that could be less toxic compared to the old ones. Pesticide-induced oxidative stress, which is one of the main mechanisms of toxicity, is the research area focused most on over the last decade. There are several different studies in the literature on whether pesticide exposure induces oxidative stress parameter-mediated toxicity. Pesticide-induced oxidative stress level depends on the biochemical features of mammalian systems. Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide in wide use that is considered safe; however, it has been reported in different studies that it may cause changes in oxidative stress parameters

Is Oxytocin Proper for Cancer Adjuvant Therapy?

Neuroblastomas are solid tumors and mostly seen in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia. It is known that neuroblastoma cell proliferation is inhibited by cisplatin and vincristine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxytocin on cell viability in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and primary cerebral cortex cell culture exposed to cisplatin and vincristine. In this direction, SH-SY5Y cell line and cortex neurons were obtained from the medical pharmacology department, Ataturk University. Both cells were grown in the appropriate cell culture media. Cisplatin (5, 10, 15 μg), vincristine (0.5, 1 and 2 ng) and oxytocin (1 μM) were applied to SH-SY5Y cell line and primary cortex cell culture for 24 h. MTT and TAC-TOS tests were performed 24 h after the application. As a result of the MTT assay, the combination of cisplatin and vincristine reduced cell viability in both cultures approximately 25% and 22%, respectively, compared to the control group. It appears that oxytocin increases neuroblastoma and cortex neuron viability, 112% and 95%, respectively. In this relation, we need to investigate why oxytocin increases cell viability and what are the possible implications in women in lactation stage

Cadmium sulfide-induced toxicity in the cortex and cerebellum: In vitro and in vivo studies

Living organisms have an innate ability to regulate the synthesis of inorganic materials, such as bones and teeth in humans. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) can be utilized as a quantum dot that functions as a unique light-emitting semiconductor nanocrystal. The increased use in CdS has led to an increased inhalation and ingestion rate of CdS by humans which requires a broader appreciation for the acute and chronic toxicity of CdS. We investigated the toxic effects of CdS on cerebellar cell cultures and rat brain. We employed a ‘green synthesis’ biosynthesis process to obtain biocompatible material that can be used in living organisms, such as Viridibacillus arenosi K64. Nanocrystal formation was initiated by adding CdCl2 (1 mM) to the cell cultures. Our in vitro results established that increased concentrations of CdS (0.1 μg/mL) lead to decreased cell viability as assessed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). The in vivo studies showed that exposure to CdS (1 mg/kg) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were increased. Collectively, we describe a model system that addresses the process from the synthesis to the neurotoxicity assessment for CdS both in vitro and in vivo. These data will be beneficial in establishing a more comprehensive pathway for the understanding of quantum dot-induced neurotoxicity